BBCH-scale (potato)
Encyclopedia
The BBCH-scale identifies the phenological
development stages of a potato
(Solanum tuberosum). It is a plant species-specific version of the BBCH-scale
.
1 For second generation sprouts
2 Stem development stops after termination of main stem by an inflorescence.
Branches arise from axils of upper leaves of the main stem, exhibiting a
sympodial
branching pattern
Phenology
Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate...
development stages of a potato
Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family . The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species...
(Solanum tuberosum). It is a plant species-specific version of the BBCH-scale
BBCH-scale
The BBCH-scale is a scale used to identify the phenological development stages of a plant. A series of BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species...
.
Growth stage | |Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
2 digit | 3 digit | ||
0: Sprouting/Germination | 00 | 000 | Innate or enforced dormancy, Dry seed tuber Tuber Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store nutrients. They are used by plants to survive the winter or dry months and provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season and they are a means of asexual reproduction... not sprouted |
01 | 001 | Beginning of sprouting: Beginning of sprouts visible (< 1 mm) seed imbibition Imbibition 'Imbibition' is defined as the displacement of one fluid by another immiscible fluid. This process is controlled and affected by a variety of factors... |
|
02 | 002 | Sprouts upright (< 2 mm) | |
03 | 003 | End of dormancy: sprouts 2–3 mm Seed imbibition complete | |
05 | 005 | Beginning of root formation Radicle Radicle In botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil... (root) emerged from seed |
|
07 | 007 | Beginning of stem formation Hypocotyl Hypocotyl The hypocotyl is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons and above the radicle .-Dicots:... with cotyledon Cotyledon A cotyledon , is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants... s breaking |
|
08 | 008 | Stems growing towards soil surface, Hypocotyl with formation of scale leaves in the axils; cotyledons growing of which stolon Stolon In biology, stolons are horizontal connections between organisms. They may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton; typically, animal stolons are external skeletons.-In botany:... s will develop later towards soil surface |
|
09 | 009 | Emergence: stems break through soil surface; cotyledons break through soil surface | |
021–0291 | |||
1: Leaf development | 10 | 100 | From tuber: first leaves begin to extend From seed: cotyledons completely unfolded |
11 | 101 | First leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
12 | 102 | Second leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
13 | 103 | Third leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
1 . | 10 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
19 | 109 | Nine or more leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (2 digit);2 9 leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (3 digit) |
|
110 | Tenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
11 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
119 | Nineteenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
121 | First leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence Inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified... unfolded (> 4 cm) |
||
122 | Second leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
12 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
131 | First leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
132 | Second leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
13 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
1NX | Xth leaf of nth order branch above (n-1)th inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
2: Formation of basal side shoots below and above soil surface (main stem) | 21 | 201 | First basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) |
22 | 202 | Second basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) | |
23 | 203 | Third basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) | |
2 . | 20 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
29 | 209 | Nine or more basal side shoots visible (> 5 cm) | |
3: Main stem elongation (crop cover) | 31 | 301 | Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows |
32 | 302 | 20% of plants meet between rows | |
33 | 303 | 30% of plants meet between rows | |
34 | 304 | 40% of plants meet between rows | |
35 | 305 | 50% of plants meet between rows | |
36 | 306 | 60% of plants meet between rows | |
37 | 307 | 70% of plants meet between rows | |
38 | 308 | 80% of plants meet between rows | |
39 | 309 | Crop cover complete: about 90% of plants meet between rows | |
4: Tuber formation | 40 | 400 | Tuber initiation: swelling of first stolon tips to twice the diameter of subtending stolon |
41 | 401 | 10% of total final tuber mass reached | |
42 | 402 | 20% of total final tuber mass reached | |
43 | 403 | 30% of total final tuber mass reached | |
44 | 404 | 40% of total final tuber mass reached | |
45 | 405 | 50% of total final tuber mass reached | |
46 | 406 | 60% of total final tuber mass reached | |
47 | 407 | 70% of total final tuber mass reached | |
48 | 408 | Maximum of total tuber mass reached, tubers detach easily from stolons, skin set not yet complete (skin easily removable with thumb) | |
49 | 409 | Skin set complete: (skin at apical end of tuber not removable with thumb) 95% of tubers in this stage | |
5: Inflorescence (cyme) emergence | 51 | 501 | First individual buds (1–2 mm) of first inflorescence visible (main stem) |
55 | 505 | Buds of first inflorescence extended to 5 mm | |
59 | 509 | First flower petals of first inflorescence visible | |
521 | Individual buds of second inflorescence visible (second order branch) | ||
525 | Buds of second inflorescence extended to 5 mm open (main stem) | ||
529 | First flower petals of second inflorescence visible above sepals | ||
531 | Individual buds of third inflorescence visible (third order branch) | ||
535 | Buds of third inflorescence extended to 5 mm | ||
539 | First flower petals of third inflorescence visible above sepals | ||
5N . | Nth inflorescence emerging | ||
60 | 600 | First open flowers in population | |
61 | 601 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the first inflorescence open (main stem) | |
62 | 602 | 20% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
63 | 603 | 30% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
64 | 604 | 40% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
65 | 605 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
66 | 606 | 60% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
67 | 607 | 70% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
68 | 608 | 80% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
69 | 609 | End of flowering in the first inflorescence | |
6: Flowering (continuation) | 621 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the second inflorescence open (second order branch) | |
625 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the second inflorescence open | ||
629 | End of flowering in the 2nd inflorescence | ||
631 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the third inflorescence open (third order branch) | ||
635 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the third inflorescence open | ||
639 | End of flowering in the third inflorescence | ||
6N . | Nth inflorescence flowering | ||
6N9 | End of flowering | ||
7: Development of fruit | 70 | 700 | First berries visible |
71 | 701 | 10% of berries in the first fructification Fructification Fructification is a term used in the plant morphology to denote the generative parts of the plant... have reached full size (main stem) |
|
72 | 702 | 20% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size | |
73 | 703 | 30% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size | |
7 . | 70 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
721 | 10% of berries in the second fructification have reached full size (second order branch) | ||
7N . | Development of berries in nth fructification | ||
7N9 | Nearly all berries in the nth fructification have reached full size (or have been shed) | ||
8: Ripening of fruit and seed | 81 | 801 | Berries in the first fructification still green, seed light-coloured (main stem) |
85 | 805 | Berries in the first fructification ochre-coloured or brownish | |
89 | 809 | Berries in the first fructification shrivelled, seed dark | |
821 | Berries in the second fructification still green, seed light-coloured (second order branch) | ||
8N . | Ripening of fruit and seed in nth fructification | ||
9: Senescence | 91 | 901 | Beginning of leaf yellowing |
93 | 903 | Most of the leaves yellowish | |
95 | 905 | 50% of the leaves brownish | |
97 | 907 | Leaves and stem dead, stems bleached and dry | |
99 | 909 | Harvested product |
1 For second generation sprouts
2 Stem development stops after termination of main stem by an inflorescence.
Branches arise from axils of upper leaves of the main stem, exhibiting a
sympodial
Sympodial
Sympodial means "with conjoined feet", and in biology is often used to refer to the outward morphology or mode of growth of organisms.-In botany:...
branching pattern