BMW 801
Encyclopedia
The BMW 801 was a powerful German
air-cooled radial
aircraft engine
built by BMW
and used in a number of German military aircraft of World War II
. The engine's cylinders
were in two rows of seven cylinders each, the bore and stroke were both 156 mm (6.14 in), giving a total capacity of 41.8 litre
s (2,502 in³). The engine generated between 1,560 and 2,000 PS (1,540-1,970 hp, or 1,150 and 1,470 kW). The unit (including mounts) weighed from 1,010 to 1,250 kg and was about 1.29 m (51 in) across, depending on the model. Over 61,000 examples of the 801 were made, the largest number of any single German aviation radial engine design in World War II, and whose production total for the entire WW II German aviation industry was only exceeded by the liquid-cooled Junkers Jumo 211
inverted V-12 engine
.
The 801 was originally intended to replace existing radial types in German transport and utility aircraft. At the time, it was widely agreed among European designers that an inline engine
was a requirement for high performance designs due to its smaller frontal area and resulting lower drag. However, radial engines could endure more combat damage, so Kurt Tank
fitted a BMW 801 to a new fighter
design he was working on. As a result, the 801 became best known as the powerplant for the famous Focke-Wulf Fw 190
.
. The BMW 132 was widely used, most notably on the Junkers Ju 52
, which it powered for much of that design's lifetime.
In 1935 the RLM
funded prototypes of two much larger radial designs, one from Bramo, the Bramo 329, and another from BMW, the BMW 139. BMW bought Bramo soon after the projects started; unsurprisingly BMW folded the Bramo engineers into the BMW project, cancelling the Bramo design. The resulting proposal was essentially a two-row version of the BMW 132, the 1,400 hp (1,029 kW) BMW 139.
The BMW 139 was originally intended to be used in roles similar to those of the other German radials, namely bomber
s and transport aircraft
, but mid-way through the program Kurt Tank
suggested it for use in the Focke-Wulf Fw 190
fighter project. Radial engines were rare in European designs as they were considered to have too large an area for good streamlining and would not be suitable for high speed aircraft (the US Army agreed, see hyper engine
). However, radials were often used in American and Japanese fighters at the end of the 1930s, and improvements in the fairings were reducing the concerns about drag. Tank felt that attention to detail could result in a streamlined radial that would not suffer undue drag, and would be competitive with inlines.
for oil cooling. However this system proved almost impossible to make work with the BMW 139; early prototypes of the Fw 190 demonstrated terrible cooling problems. Although the problems appeared to be fixable, since the engine was already fairly dated in terms of design, in 1938 BMW proposed an entirely new engine designed specifically for fan-cooling that could be brought to production quickly. Work started in October.
to use after their merger with Bramo. The BMW 801 retained the BMW 139's older-style single-valve intake and exhaust, while most engines of the era had moved to four valves per cylinder, or in British
use, sleeve valve
s. Several advances were worked into the design, including the use of sodium
-cooled valves and a fuel injection
system. The supercharger
was rather basic in the early models, using a single-stage two-speed design directly geared to the engine (unlike the DB 601
's hydraulically clutched version) which led to rather limited altitude performance, in keeping with its intended medium-altitude usage. One key advancement was the Kommandogerät (command-device), a mechanical-hydraulic unit that automatically adjusted engine fuel flow, propeller pitch, supercharger setting, mixture and ignition timing in response to a single throttle lever, dramatically simplifying engine control. This could be considered a pioneering step towards the use of engine management
systems, like that later used by the Allison V-1710.
and making the plane easier to handle. The initial BMW 801 series had a lot of overheating problems especially with cylinders in the rear cylinder row and a number of efforts were improvised in an attempt to cure them. The BMW 801A/B/L engines delivered 1,560 PS (1,539 hp, 1,147 kW) for takeoff.
behind the engine. The BMW 801C engines used in the early Fw 190A
versions of 1941 delivered 1,560 PS (1,539 hp, 1,147 kW) for takeoff. The BMW 801L was an A model with the hydraulic prop control mechanism introduced with the 801C engine.
fuel instead of the A/B/C's B4 87 octane, boosting takeoff power to 1,700 PS (1,677 hp, 1,250 kW). The D-2 models also included a system for injecting a 50-50 water-methanol mixture known as MW50 into the supercharger output to cool the charge, and thereby reduce backpressure. Although practically every radial engine-powered production model Fw 190 included the BMW 801D engine, it was not until very late in the war that the MW50 kits were actually supplied and available. With boosting on, low and medium-altitude performance improved considerably, with takeoff power increasing to 2,000 hp (1,470 kW). The BMW 801G and H models were D engines modified for use in bomber roles with lower gear ratios for driving larger propellers, clockwise and counterclockwise respectively.
s tuned to higher altitudes. Although takeoff power was unaffected, cruise power increased over 100 hp (75 kW) and "high power" modes for climb and combat were likewise improved by up to 150 hp (110 kW), with the possibility of turning up to a four meter diameter, three-blade propeller for multi-engined use, such as on the proposed Heinkel He 277
Amerika Bomber
four engined strategic bomber design. The E model was also used as the basis for the BMW 801R, which included a much more complex and powerful two-stage four-speed supercharger. Continued improvements to the basic E model led to the BMW 801F, which dramatically improved performance across the board, with takeoff power increasing to 2,400 hp (1,790 kW). It was planned to use the F on all late-model Fw 190's, but the war ended before production started.
A number of attempts were made to use turbocharger
s on the BMW 801 series as well. The first used a modified BMW 801D to create the BMW 801J, delivering 1,810 PS (1,785 hp, 1,331 kW) at takeoff and 1,500 hp (1,103 kW) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), an altitude where the D was struggling to produce 630 hp (463 kW). The BMW 801E was likewise modified to create the BMW 801Q, delivering a superb 1,715 hp (1,261 kW) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), power ratings no existing allied engine could touch. However none of these engines ever entered production due to high costs, and the various high-altitude designs based on them were forced to turn to other engines entirely, typically the Junkers Jumo 213
.
Engines were typically delivered from BMW complete in their cowling, ready to be bolted to the front of the aircraft, since 1942 as Motoranlage (M) and 1944/1945 as Triebwerksanlage (T). The Motoranlage was the original form of the interchangeable Kraftei, or "power-egg", unitized powerplant installation format used in many German wartime aircraft, most often the twin and multi-engined designs, with some need for external add-ons, and the Triebwerksanlage was the Motoranlage plus some external mountings, such as exhaust pipes, as a completely interchangeable unit, still within the Kraftei definition.
The M and T unitized engine format designator suffixes confuse the naming considerably, as they referred to these complete kits and their "bare" engine counterparts almost interchangeably. The A, B and L models were known (logically) as Motoranlage style MA, MB and ML engines in this form, but the common D-2 was instead known as the MG. The E model was delivered as the Triebwerksanlage style TG or TH, seemingly suggesting a relation to the G and H engines, but in fact those were delivered as the TL and TP. It is rather common to see the turbocharged versions referred to only with the T, notably the (most notoriously of all) TJ, and the TQ models, further confusing the issue.
BMW 801 D-2, G-2, (H-2)
BMW 801 E,S
BMW 801 F
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
air-cooled radial
Radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel...
aircraft engine
Aircraft engine
An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines...
built by BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
and used in a number of German military aircraft of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The engine's cylinders
Cylinder (engine)
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine or pump, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before receiving precision machine work...
were in two rows of seven cylinders each, the bore and stroke were both 156 mm (6.14 in), giving a total capacity of 41.8 litre
Litre
pic|200px|right|thumb|One litre is equivalent to this cubeEach side is 10 cm1 litre water = 1 kilogram water The litre is a metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre , to 1,000 cubic centimetres , and to 1/1,000 cubic metre...
s (2,502 in³). The engine generated between 1,560 and 2,000 PS (1,540-1,970 hp, or 1,150 and 1,470 kW). The unit (including mounts) weighed from 1,010 to 1,250 kg and was about 1.29 m (51 in) across, depending on the model. Over 61,000 examples of the 801 were made, the largest number of any single German aviation radial engine design in World War II, and whose production total for the entire WW II German aviation industry was only exceeded by the liquid-cooled Junkers Jumo 211
Junkers Jumo 211
|-See also:-References:* Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989. ISBN 0-517-67964-7-External links:*...
inverted V-12 engine
V12 engine
A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders, usually but not always at a 60° angle to each other, with all 12 pistons driving a common crankshaft....
.
The 801 was originally intended to replace existing radial types in German transport and utility aircraft. At the time, it was widely agreed among European designers that an inline engine
Inline engine (aviation)
In aviation, an inline engine means any reciprocating engine with banks rather than rows of cylinders, including straight engines, flat engines, V engines and H engines, but excluding radial engines and rotary engines....
was a requirement for high performance designs due to its smaller frontal area and resulting lower drag. However, radial engines could endure more combat damage, so Kurt Tank
Kurt Tank
Kurt Waldemar Tank was a German aeronautical engineer and test pilot, heading the design department at Focke-Wulf from 1931-45. He designed several important aircraft of World War II, including the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft.-Early life:Tank was born in Bromberg , Province of Posen...
fitted a BMW 801 to a new fighter
Fighter aircraft
A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other aircraft, as opposed to a bomber, which is designed primarily to attack ground targets...
design he was working on. As a result, the 801 became best known as the powerplant for the famous Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was a German Second World War single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s. Powered by a radial engine, the 190 had ample power and was able to lift larger loads than its well-known counterpart, the Messerschmitt Bf 109...
.
Design and development
In the 1930s, BMW took out a license to build the Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines. By the mid-30s they had introduced an improved version, the BMW 132BMW 132
|-See also:-External links:...
. The BMW 132 was widely used, most notably on the Junkers Ju 52
Junkers Ju 52
The Junkers Ju 52 was a German transport aircraft manufactured from 1932 to 1945. It saw both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. In a civilian role, it flew with over 12 air carriers including Swissair and Deutsche Luft Hansa as an airliner and freight hauler...
, which it powered for much of that design's lifetime.
In 1935 the RLM
Reich Air Ministry
thumb|300px|The Ministry of Aviation, December 1938The Ministry of Aviation was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany...
funded prototypes of two much larger radial designs, one from Bramo, the Bramo 329, and another from BMW, the BMW 139. BMW bought Bramo soon after the projects started; unsurprisingly BMW folded the Bramo engineers into the BMW project, cancelling the Bramo design. The resulting proposal was essentially a two-row version of the BMW 132, the 1,400 hp (1,029 kW) BMW 139.
The BMW 139 was originally intended to be used in roles similar to those of the other German radials, namely bomber
Bomber
A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets, by dropping bombs on them, or – in recent years – by launching cruise missiles at them.-Classifications of bombers:...
s and transport aircraft
Military transport aircraft
Military transport aircraft are typically fixed and rotary wing cargo aircraft which are used to deliver troops, weapons and other military equipment by a variety of methods to any area of military operations around the surface of the planet, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in...
, but mid-way through the program Kurt Tank
Kurt Tank
Kurt Waldemar Tank was a German aeronautical engineer and test pilot, heading the design department at Focke-Wulf from 1931-45. He designed several important aircraft of World War II, including the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft.-Early life:Tank was born in Bromberg , Province of Posen...
suggested it for use in the Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was a German Second World War single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s. Powered by a radial engine, the 190 had ample power and was able to lift larger loads than its well-known counterpart, the Messerschmitt Bf 109...
fighter project. Radial engines were rare in European designs as they were considered to have too large an area for good streamlining and would not be suitable for high speed aircraft (the US Army agreed, see hyper engine
Hyper engine
The hyper engine was a 1930s study project by the United States Army Air Corps to develop a high-performance aircraft engine that would be equal to or better than the aircraft and engines then under development in Europe...
). However, radials were often used in American and Japanese fighters at the end of the 1930s, and improvements in the fairings were reducing the concerns about drag. Tank felt that attention to detail could result in a streamlined radial that would not suffer undue drag, and would be competitive with inlines.
Cooling solution
The main concern was providing cooling air over the cylinder heads, which generally required a very large opening at the front of the aircraft. His solution for the BMW 139 was to use an engine-driven fan behind an oversized prop-spinner, blowing air through the engine, with some of it being drawn through S-shaped ducts over a radiatorRadiator (engine cooling)
Radiators are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engined aircraft, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generating plant or any similar use of such an engine....
for oil cooling. However this system proved almost impossible to make work with the BMW 139; early prototypes of the Fw 190 demonstrated terrible cooling problems. Although the problems appeared to be fixable, since the engine was already fairly dated in terms of design, in 1938 BMW proposed an entirely new engine designed specifically for fan-cooling that could be brought to production quickly. Work started in October.
Technical description
Differences between the BMW 139 and the new design were fairly minor and limited primarily to details except for the use of fourteen larger cylinders instead of eighteen smaller ones. The new design was given the name BMW 801 after BMW was given a new block of "109-800" engine numbers by the RLMReich Air Ministry
thumb|300px|The Ministry of Aviation, December 1938The Ministry of Aviation was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany...
to use after their merger with Bramo. The BMW 801 retained the BMW 139's older-style single-valve intake and exhaust, while most engines of the era had moved to four valves per cylinder, or in British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
use, sleeve valve
Sleeve valve
The sleeve valve is a type of valve mechanism for piston engines, distinct from the usual poppet valve. Sleeve-valve engines saw use in a number of pre-World War II luxury cars and in USA in the Willys-Knight car and light truck...
s. Several advances were worked into the design, including the use of sodium
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. It is an abundant element that exists in numerous minerals, most commonly as sodium chloride...
-cooled valves and a fuel injection
Fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
system. The supercharger
Supercharger
A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine.The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be burned and more work to be done per cycle,...
was rather basic in the early models, using a single-stage two-speed design directly geared to the engine (unlike the DB 601
Daimler-Benz DB 601
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Mankau, Heinz and Peter Petrick. Messerschmitt Bf 110, Me 210, Me 410. Raumfahrt, Germany: Aviatic Verlag, 2001. ISBN 3-92550-562-8.* Neil Gregor Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich. Yale University Press, 1998-External links:...
's hydraulically clutched version) which led to rather limited altitude performance, in keeping with its intended medium-altitude usage. One key advancement was the Kommandogerät (command-device), a mechanical-hydraulic unit that automatically adjusted engine fuel flow, propeller pitch, supercharger setting, mixture and ignition timing in response to a single throttle lever, dramatically simplifying engine control. This could be considered a pioneering step towards the use of engine management
Engine control unit
An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...
systems, like that later used by the Allison V-1710.
801A and 801B
The first BMW 801A's ran in April 1939, only six months after starting work on the design, with production commencing in 1940. The BMW 801B series were identical to the A models, but ran the airscrew in the opposite direction (counterclockwise, as seen from behind the engine) using a different gearbox. The A and B models were intended to be used in pairs on twin-engine designs, cancelling out net torqueTorque
Torque, moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
and making the plane easier to handle. The initial BMW 801 series had a lot of overheating problems especially with cylinders in the rear cylinder row and a number of efforts were improvised in an attempt to cure them. The BMW 801A/B/L engines delivered 1,560 PS (1,539 hp, 1,147 kW) for takeoff.
801C
The BMW 801C was developed for use in single- or multi-engined fighters and included a new hydraulic prop control and various changes intended to improve cooling, including cooling "gills" on the cowlingCowling
A cowling is the covering of a vehicle's engine, most often found on automobiles and aircraft.A cowling may be used:* for drag reduction* for engine cooling by directing airflow* as an air intake for jet engines* for decorative purposes...
behind the engine. The BMW 801C engines used in the early Fw 190A
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was a German Second World War single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s. Powered by a radial engine, the 190 had ample power and was able to lift larger loads than its well-known counterpart, the Messerschmitt Bf 109...
versions of 1941 delivered 1,560 PS (1,539 hp, 1,147 kW) for takeoff. The BMW 801L was an A model with the hydraulic prop control mechanism introduced with the 801C engine.
801D
The 801C was replaced with the BMW 801 D-2 series engines in early 1942, which ran on C2/C3 100 octaneOctane
Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH36CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain...
fuel instead of the A/B/C's B4 87 octane, boosting takeoff power to 1,700 PS (1,677 hp, 1,250 kW). The D-2 models also included a system for injecting a 50-50 water-methanol mixture known as MW50 into the supercharger output to cool the charge, and thereby reduce backpressure. Although practically every radial engine-powered production model Fw 190 included the BMW 801D engine, it was not until very late in the war that the MW50 kits were actually supplied and available. With boosting on, low and medium-altitude performance improved considerably, with takeoff power increasing to 2,000 hp (1,470 kW). The BMW 801G and H models were D engines modified for use in bomber roles with lower gear ratios for driving larger propellers, clockwise and counterclockwise respectively.
Supercharger development
With the engine now being used in higher-altitude fighter roles, a number of attempts were made to address the limited performance of the original supercharger. The BMW 801E was a modification of the D-2 using supercharger gear ratioGear ratio
The gear ratio of a gear train is the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear to the angular velocity of the output gear, also known as the speed ratio of the gear train. The gear ratio can be computed directly from the numbers of teeth of the various gears that engage to form the gear...
s tuned to higher altitudes. Although takeoff power was unaffected, cruise power increased over 100 hp (75 kW) and "high power" modes for climb and combat were likewise improved by up to 150 hp (110 kW), with the possibility of turning up to a four meter diameter, three-blade propeller for multi-engined use, such as on the proposed Heinkel He 277
Heinkel He 277
The Heinkel He 277 was a four-engine, long range heavy bomber design, a derivative of the He 177, intended for production and use by the German Luftwaffe during World War II. The main difference was in engine configuration...
Amerika Bomber
Amerika Bomber
The Amerika-Bomber project was an initiative of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium, the Nazi Germany Air Ministry, to obtain a long-range strategic bomber for the Luftwaffe that would be capable of striking the continental United States from Germany, a range of about 5,800 km...
four engined strategic bomber design. The E model was also used as the basis for the BMW 801R, which included a much more complex and powerful two-stage four-speed supercharger. Continued improvements to the basic E model led to the BMW 801F, which dramatically improved performance across the board, with takeoff power increasing to 2,400 hp (1,790 kW). It was planned to use the F on all late-model Fw 190's, but the war ended before production started.
Turbocharger development and engine mounting formats
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo , from the Greek "τύρβη" is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine , thereby resulting in greater performance...
s on the BMW 801 series as well. The first used a modified BMW 801D to create the BMW 801J, delivering 1,810 PS (1,785 hp, 1,331 kW) at takeoff and 1,500 hp (1,103 kW) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), an altitude where the D was struggling to produce 630 hp (463 kW). The BMW 801E was likewise modified to create the BMW 801Q, delivering a superb 1,715 hp (1,261 kW) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), power ratings no existing allied engine could touch. However none of these engines ever entered production due to high costs, and the various high-altitude designs based on them were forced to turn to other engines entirely, typically the Junkers Jumo 213
Junkers Jumo 213
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989. ISBN 0-517-67964-7-External links:*...
.
Engines were typically delivered from BMW complete in their cowling, ready to be bolted to the front of the aircraft, since 1942 as Motoranlage (M) and 1944/1945 as Triebwerksanlage (T). The Motoranlage was the original form of the interchangeable Kraftei, or "power-egg", unitized powerplant installation format used in many German wartime aircraft, most often the twin and multi-engined designs, with some need for external add-ons, and the Triebwerksanlage was the Motoranlage plus some external mountings, such as exhaust pipes, as a completely interchangeable unit, still within the Kraftei definition.
The M and T unitized engine format designator suffixes confuse the naming considerably, as they referred to these complete kits and their "bare" engine counterparts almost interchangeably. The A, B and L models were known (logically) as Motoranlage style MA, MB and ML engines in this form, but the common D-2 was instead known as the MG. The E model was delivered as the Triebwerksanlage style TG or TH, seemingly suggesting a relation to the G and H engines, but in fact those were delivered as the TL and TP. It is rather common to see the turbocharged versions referred to only with the T, notably the (most notoriously of all) TJ, and the TQ models, further confusing the issue.
Variants
BMW 801 A, C, (B)- 1,560 PS (1,539 hp, 1,147 kW)
BMW 801 D-2, G-2, (H-2)
- 1,700 PS (1,677 hp, 1,250 kW)
BMW 801 E,S
- 2,000 PS (1,973 hp, 1,471 kW)
BMW 801 F
- 2,400 PS (2,367 hp, 1,765 kW), development halted by the end of the war
Applications
- Blohm & Voss BV 141
- Blohm & Voss BV 144Blohm & Voss BV 144-See also:-External links:*http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/LRG/bv144.html...
- Dornier Do 217Dornier Do 217The Dornier Do 217 was a bomber used by German Luftwaffe during World War II as a more powerful version of the Dornier Do 17, known as the Fliegender Bleistift . Designed in 1937 and 1938 as a heavy bomber, its design was refined during 1939 and production began in late 1940...
- Focke-Wulf Fw 190Focke-Wulf Fw 190The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was a German Second World War single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s. Powered by a radial engine, the 190 had ample power and was able to lift larger loads than its well-known counterpart, the Messerschmitt Bf 109...
- Focke-Wulf Fw 191Focke-Wulf Fw 191The Focke-Wulf Fw 191 was a prototype German bomber of World War II. Two versions were intended to be produced, a twin-engine version using the Junkers Jumo 222 engine and a four-engine variant which was to have used the smaller Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine...
- Heinkel He 277Heinkel He 277The Heinkel He 277 was a four-engine, long range heavy bomber design, a derivative of the He 177, intended for production and use by the German Luftwaffe during World War II. The main difference was in engine configuration...
- Junkers Ju 88Junkers Ju 88The Junkers Ju 88 was a World War II German Luftwaffe twin-engine, multi-role aircraft. Designed by Hugo Junkers' company through the services of two American aviation engineers in the mid-1930s, it suffered from a number of technical problems during the later stages of its development and early...
- Junkers Ju 188Junkers Ju 188The Junkers Ju 188 was a German Luftwaffe high-performance medium bomber built during World War II, the planned follow-on to the famed Ju 88 with better performance and payload...
- Junkers Ju 288Junkers Ju 288|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Hitchcock, Thomas H. Junkers 288 . Acton, MA: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1974. ISBN 0-914144-02-2.-External links:...
- Junkers Ju 388Junkers Ju 388The Junkers Ju 388 Störtebeker was a World War II German Luftwaffe multi-role aircraft based on the Ju 88 airframe by way of the Ju 188. It differed from its predecessors in being intended for high altitude operation, with design features such as a pressurized cockpit for its crew...
- Junkers Ju 290Junkers Ju 290The Junkers Ju 290 was a long-range transport, maritime patrol aircraft and heavy bomber used by the Luftwaffe late in World War II.-Design and development:...
- Junkers Ju 390Junkers Ju 390The Junkers Ju 390 was a German aircraft intended to be used as a heavy transport, maritime patrol aircraft, and long-range bomber, a long-range derivative of the Ju 290...
- Messerschmitt Me 264Messerschmitt Me 264|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Duffy, James P. Target: America. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2004. ISBN 0-275-96684-4....
