BS 5400
Encyclopedia
BS 5400 is a British Standard
for design and construction of steel
, concrete
and composite bridge
s use in highway and railway.
The standard specifies the requirements and the code of practice on design of steel
, concrete
(reinforced
, prestressed
or composite) and composite bridge
s that use steel
sections (rolled or fabricated, cased or uncased) as well as the materials and workmanship
in bridge
erection.
The standard also includes the specification and calculation of standard bridge
loads, the application of the limit state principles
, analysis, and fatigue
load calculation and the reservoir method for fatigue
load cycle counting.
The standard also covers bridge foundation design and design and requirements on bridge bearings for ordinary and moving bridges.
Following the move on harmonisation
of the standard in Europe, some parts of BS 5400, especially the parts covering the bridge bearings, are gradually replaced by the relevant European Standards (EN).
British Standards
British Standards are the standards produced by BSI Group which is incorporated under a Royal Charter...
for design and construction of steel
Steel Bridge
The Steel Bridge is a through truss, double lift bridge across the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States. Its lower deck carries railroad and bicycle/pedestrian traffic, while the upper deck carries road traffic and light rail , making the bridge one of the most multimodal in the world...
, concrete
Concrete
Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
and composite bridge
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle...
s use in highway and railway.
The standard specifies the requirements and the code of practice on design of steel
Steel Bridge
The Steel Bridge is a through truss, double lift bridge across the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States. Its lower deck carries railroad and bicycle/pedestrian traffic, while the upper deck carries road traffic and light rail , making the bridge one of the most multimodal in the world...
, concrete
Concrete
Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
(reinforced
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars , reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is...
, prestressed
Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete...
or composite) and composite bridge
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle...
s that use steel
Structural steel
Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards of chemical composition and mechanical properties...
sections (rolled or fabricated, cased or uncased) as well as the materials and workmanship
Workmanship
Workmanship is an EP by Joy Electric released exclusively as a 7" vinyl record album through Republic of Texas Recordings. Workmanship was completely written and recorded by Ronnie Martin on a Minimoog Voyager synthesizer...
in bridge
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle...
erection.
The standard also includes the specification and calculation of standard bridge
Bridge
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle...
loads, the application of the limit state principles
Limit state design
Limit state design refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria. The condition may refer to a degree of loading or other actions on the structure, while the criteria refers to...
, analysis, and fatigue
Fatigue (material)
'In materials science, fatigue is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum stress values are less than the ultimate tensile stress limit, and may be below the yield stress limit of the material.Fatigue occurs...
load calculation and the reservoir method for fatigue
Fatigue (material)
'In materials science, fatigue is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum stress values are less than the ultimate tensile stress limit, and may be below the yield stress limit of the material.Fatigue occurs...
load cycle counting.
The standard also covers bridge foundation design and design and requirements on bridge bearings for ordinary and moving bridges.
Following the move on harmonisation
Harmonisation
Harmonisation may refer to:* In music, the implementation of harmony, usually by using chords, including harmonized scales* Harmonisation of law, the process of establishing common laws and standards across the European Union...
of the standard in Europe, some parts of BS 5400, especially the parts covering the bridge bearings, are gradually replaced by the relevant European Standards (EN).
Different parts of BS 5400
BS 5400 consists of ten main parts:- BS 5400-1:1988 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. General statement.
- BS 5400-2:2006 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Specification for loads.
- BS 5400-3:2000 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of steel bridges. (This part of standard is being partially replaced)
- BS 5400-4:1990 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of concrete bridges.
- BS 5400-5:2005 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of composite bridges
- BS 5400-6:1999 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Specification for materials and workmanship, steel. (This part of standard is replaced by BS EN 1090-2 (EN 1090-2) but remains current)
- BS 5400-7:1978 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Specification for materials and workmanship, concrete, reinforcement and prestressing tendons.
- BS 5400-8:1978 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Recommendations for materials and workmanship, concrete, reinforcement and prestressing tendons.
- BS 5400-9.1:1983 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Bridge bearings. Code of practice for design of bridge bearings. (This part of standard is partially replaced by BS EN 1337-2 (EN 1337-2), BS EN 1337-3 (EN 1337-3), BS EN 1337-5 (EN 1337-5) and BS EN 1337-7 (EN 1337-7), and replaced by BS EN 1337-4 (EN 1337-4) and BS EN 1337-6 (EN 1337-6) but remains current)
- BS 5400-9.2:1983 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Bridge bearings. Specification for materials, manufacture and installation of bridge bearings. (This part of standard is partially replaced by BS EN 1337-2 (EN 1337-2), BS EN 1337-3 (EN 1337-3), BS EN 1337-5 (EN 1337-5) and BS EN 1337-7 (EN 1337-7))
- BS 5400-10:1980 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for fatigue.
- BS 5400-10C:1999 Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Charts for classification of details for fatigue.