Baban
Encyclopedia
Baban were a Kurdish principality and ruling family originating from Darishmana in the region of Pijder. The founder of the dynasty and its first ruler was Fakih Ahmed a descendent of the ancient house of Soran
Soran clan
The Sorans are a Kurdish clan whose traditional homeland is the central region of Soran in northern Iraq.Their name is derived from the name of the mountainous region in the north of Iraq, the place they traditionally inhabit...
. He also had a brother named Khidder Ahmed who lived with him. Fakih Ahmed Bey who was of a bold and proud spirit took a Frankish princess as his wife who he met in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
), the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Sultan gave Fakih enormous hereditary land holdings in Kurdistan as well as his blessing to wed his new bride, before his death he added the areas of Mergeh and Mawutt to his land and thus laid the foundation of the principality his descendents would build and rule.
They together had whose grandson became powerful in central and southern Kurdistan. Ahmad's successor, Baba Sulaiman extended his influence to Kirkuk
Kirkuk
Kirkuk is a city in Iraq and the capital of Kirkuk Governorate.It is located in the Iraqi governorate of Kirkuk, north of the capital, Baghdad...
. During the reign of Sulaiman Pasha, Baban rule was extended to Koya
Koi Sanjaq
The town Koi Sanjaq is located in the Erbil Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan, close to the Iranian border.Wallace Lyon, travelling through the town in 1923, compared it to Sulaimani and noted that it was a centre for tobacco...
, Khanaqin
Khanaqin
Khanaqin is a city in Iraq. It is located at 34.3°N, 45.4°E in the Diyala Governorate, near the Iranian border on a tributary of the Diyala River...
, Arbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
, Harir, Altun Kupri, Badra
Badra, Iraq
Badra is a town in south eastern Iraq near the Iraqi-Iranian borders in Wasit Governorate. Its population is a mixture of Arabs, Arabized Kurds and Faili Kurds....
and some areas of Eastern Kurdistan (western Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
). The headquarters of Baban was initially based at Qala Chuwalan, and later it was moved to the newly founded city of Sulaimaniya in 1781 during the reign of Mahmud Pasha Baban. The region under Baban rule stretched from the Little Zab
Little Zab
The Little Zab , , ) originates in Iran and joins the Tigris in Iraq. The river is approximately long and drains an area of c. . The river is fed by rainfall and snowmelt, resulting in a peak discharge in spring and low water in summer and early fall...
river to the Sirwan
Diyala River
The Diyala River after Darban-e Khan Dam:Kurdish: Sirwan, سيروان, , Persian: سیروان دیاله, is a river and tributary of the Tigris that runs mainly through Eastern Iraq but also Western Iran. It covers a total distance of ....
.
The history of Baban from 1750 to 1847 was dominated by their rivalries against other Kurdish principalities such as Soran
Soran Emirate
Soran was a Kurdish emirate that was established in 1816. It ruled over the northeastern part of Kurdistan until it was removed by Ottoman troops in 1835. Its capital for most of that time was the city of Rawanduz....
and Bohtan, and also their reaction against centralizing efforts of Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and Qajars. The principality was finally destroyed during the modernization period in the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
state in mid 19th century. The Baban princes helped the Ottoman forces in the Iranian wars of 1723-1746. The Baban revolt lasted for three years but was finally defeated by an alliance of the Ottoman forces and Kurdish tribes, Ahmed Pasha Baban the last ruler, was defeated near Koya in 1847. After that the region of Shahrazur was permanently annexed to the Ottoman territory. The last Baban prince left Sulaimaniya in 1850, despite the Baban of Sulaimania fighting long and bravely against the Turks for the independence of southern Kurdistan.
Timeline
- Suliman Baba travels to ConstantinopleConstantinopleConstantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
in 1678 and gains official Ottoman recognition of the families political hereditary rights - The Baban princes helped the OttomanOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
forces in the Iranian wars of 1723-1746 - Abdulrahman Pasha becomes mirimiran prince of Kurdish princes in 1788
- Abdurrahman Pasha marches on the OttomanOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Pasha of BaghdadBaghdadBaghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
Suleyman in June of 1810 with 10,000 men - Khana Mohammad Pasha takes the city of Senna the capital of the Ardalan principality in 1132 and kills its Persian governor Hasan Ali Khan
List of Baban Princes
- Prince Faqi Ahmad, 1649-1670
- Prince Sulaiman Baba, 1670-1703
- Prince Khana Mohammad Pasha, 1721-1731
- Prince Nawaub Khalid Pasha, 1732-1742
- Prince Nawaub Salim Pasha, 1742-1754
- Prince Nawaub Sulaiman Pasha, 1754-1765
- Prince Muhammad Pasha, 1765-1775
- Prince Abdolla Pasha, 1775-1777
- Prince Ahmad Pasha, 1777-1780
- Prince Mahmoud Pasha, 1780-1782
- Prince Ibrahim Pasha, 1782-1803
- Prince Abdurrahman Pasha, 1803-1813
- Prince Mahmoud Pasha, 1813-1834
- Prince Sulaiman Pasha, 1834-1838
- Prince Ahmad Pasha, 1838-1847
- Prince Abdollah Pasha, 1847-1850
Notable descendants of The Baban Princes
- Babanzade Mustafa Zihni PashaMustafa Zihni PashaMustafa Zihni Pasha was a high Ottoman official who held a number of ministerial posts and a founding member of the nationalist Kürt Teali Cemiyeti society.- Early life :...
(1839-1911) - Babanzade Ahmed Naim Bey, (1872-1934), Rector of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul UniversityIstanbul University is a Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square.- Synopsis :A madrasa, a religious school, was established sometime in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. An institution of higher education named the...
, appointed a member of the Ayan Meclisi by Sultan Mehmed VI, and Islamist Philosopher - Babanzade Ismail Hakki Bey, (1876-1913), OttomanOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Minister of Education, Minister of Public Instruction, Member of Parliament and Expert on Foreign Affairs - Babanzade Hüseyin Şükrü Bey, (1890-1980), Dean of the Faculty of Economics at Istanbul UniversityIstanbul UniversityIstanbul University is a Turkish university located in Istanbul. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square.- Synopsis :A madrasa, a religious school, was established sometime in the 15th century after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. An institution of higher education named the...
and editor in chief of the Tercüman newspaper - Babanzade Cihad Bey, (1911-1984), Minister of Press, Radio and Tourism, Minister of Culture of the Republic of Turkey, member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for Istanbul and then Izmir between 1946-1950, editor in chief of the UlusUlusUlus means "nation" or "people" in various Mongolic and Turkic languages.The Oirats, Crimean Khanate, and other Turkic nations used the term for their political division .The word may refer to:Places...
Newspaper and owner of the Tasvir newspaper - Babanzade Hamdi Bey, Prominent member of the Committee of Union and ProgressCommittee of Union and ProgressThe Committee of Union and Progress began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in 1889 by the medical students İbrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti and Ali Hüseyinzade...
- Babanzade Hikmet Bey, Founding member of Kürdistan Teâli Cemiyeti and the Committee of Union and ProgressCommittee of Union and ProgressThe Committee of Union and Progress began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in 1889 by the medical students İbrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti and Ali Hüseyinzade...
- Babanzade Selim Bey, editor in chief of the Son Telgraf newspaper
- Babanzade Ismail Pasha, (1839-1920)
- Babanzade Fuad Bey
External links
- Baban, By S.H. Longrigg, The Encyclopaedia of Islam.
- Baban, By W. Behn, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- A brief History of the Kurds and Kurdistan
- History of Baban Dynasty in Kurdish Notables, Chapter II, By Mir Basri, translated by Abdolkhliq Bahaddin, Sulaimania, 2002. (in Kurdish)