Baby Browning
Encyclopedia
The Fabrique Nationale
Baby Browning is a small blowback
-operated semi-automatic pistol designed by Dieudonné Saive
based on a design by John Browning
(among Browning's last designs) and chambered in .25 ACP
(6.35×16mmSR). The pistol features a 6 round magazine capacity and is a striker
-fired, single action, blow back mechanism. The manual thumb operated safety
locks the slide
in the closed position when engaged using side thumb pressure.
in 1905. Despite the name FN used for this pistol, it was later marketed as the "M1906", the "V.P. .25" (V.P. denoting Vest Pocket), and most confusingly, the "Baby" model. This pistol was introduced more or less at the same time the 6.35x16mm
.25 ACP cartridge became widely available. The term "ACP" stands for "Automatic Colt Pistol". This cartridge was among the first automatic pistol cartridges to be utilized worldwide. It was designed with a "semi-rimmed" shell casing made of brass. The rim of the shell casing had a slightly larger circumference than the base of the cartridge and an extractor groove was cut directly above it. The shell casing head was spaced on this small rim, however the utilization of the rim in this design complicated the mechanics of the cartridge because the rim would sometimes get hung up on the extractor groove of the cartridge while still in the magazine.
The M1905/M1906 Vest Pocket pistol incorporated a grip safety mechanism that constituted the entire rear section of the grip. This particular safety mechanism required a significant amount of hand palm pressure to disengage and allow the trigger to release the striker to fire the pistol. Colt produced a nearly identical pocket pistol, the Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket
, which incorporated a small safety lever on the left side of the receiver which locked the striker. In addition, this safety lever mechanism locked the slide about a half inch back from the front of the pistol to enable easy dis-assembly. FN also added this safety lever mechanism to its pistol, but did not add the magazine safety mechanism that Colt introduced in 1916.
pistol and FN FAL
rifle) was asked during 1926-1927 to design the new pistol. His design was smaller, lighter, and incorporated several refinements and improvements to the M1908 version. For example, the hand palm activated grip safety mechanism was eliminated and the small safety lever on the left side of the receiver was extended under the grip so that the thumb of a right-handed shooter could easily engage and disengage it using pressure applied to the side of the safety lever - rather than pushing it down into the receiver- without having to release one's grip on the pistol. This improvement was at the cost of the slide hold-back feature that was eliminated in the new design. The receiver has a full-length dust guard extending to the end of the slide and an area behind the trigger is relieved to allow a user to maintain a more substantial grip on the pistol. The Dieudonne Saive design also introduced a magazine safety mechanism similar to the one utilized on the Colt Vest Pocket pistol. Parts are not interchangeable between these pistols. This model was marketed under the name "Baby" - and some of the original thermal hardened plastic grips were molded with both the initials "FN" at the top of the grip in a circle and the word "BABY" at the bottom of the grip under a raised crescent. This particular pistol was and continues to be known worldwide as the "Baby Browning" pistol and is the pistol reflected in the picture accompanying this article, excepting the BROWNING marked grip which indicates a more recent (circa 1960 and beyond) production run utilizing nylon impregnated polymer grips. The Baby Browning made its reputation during WWII when it became the pistol of choice of the French Resistance Movement
. It was standard issue survival pack gear for US Air Force Pilots during the Vietnam War
.
FN manufactured and marketed the Baby Browning pistol from 1931 until 1979, though exports to the USA only took place between 1953-1968. About 500,000 units were produced, including the hand chiseled engraved "Renaissance" and the "Lightweight" version. The Lightweight utilized a 6061 T6 aluminum receiver and chrome plated (over electro-less nickel) slide and external detail parts. This particular version of the Baby Browning pistol was developed and marketed in commemoration of the Concorde supersonic jet which was introduced to the public circa 1965. With the exception of special order nickel plated units and the above mentioned custom built pistols, all of the Baby Browning pistols were finished in hot blue. The halt to exports to the USA in 1968 was dictated by the Gun Control Act of 1968
which was precipitated by Robert Kennedy's assassination involving an Iver Johnson made revolver and signed into law by then President Lyndon Johnson. This federal legislation forbade the importation of certain firearms, among them the Baby Browning pistol, though it did not specifically prohibit the domestic manufacture of this specific semi-automatic pistol. Many observers interpreted this piece of legislation as protectionism on the part of the USA rather than as a genuine effort on the part of the Congress to curtail the importation of specific firearms. Motivated by yet another corporate reorganization, FN transferred production of the Baby Browning pistol to Manufacture d'armes de Bayonne
("MAB") during 1979. Based in France, MAB produced the pistol from 1979 until 1983 when bankruptcy forced it to shut down. Baby Browning pistol production ceased in Europe at that time and has not been revived.
North American Based Production - FN sponsored:
During 1982, discussions began between FN and its North American-based representative Jim Stone. These discussions were focused on securing a North American-based manufacturer for the Baby Browning pistol. In 1984, a Canadian Swiss screw machine shop with a world class reputation for producing aerospace and defense related components entered into a technology transfer and production agreement with FN. This company's name was Precision Small Parts, Ltd. It was based in Aurora, Ontario, Canada, and maintained a subsidiary in Charlottesville, Virginia. FN issued an order to PSP for 40,000 of the Baby Browning pistols. All of these pistols were to be exported to Austria under the Browning logo for re-distribution by FN to its non-USA customers. PSP's owner (Joseph Maygar Sr.) had a long working history with FN dating back to the days of the Hungarian Resistance Movement of WWII. PSP produced other firearms for FN, including sub-machine gun parts. In 1985, the Canadian authorities forced PSP to transfer production of the Baby Browning receiver to its Virginia facility, though PSP Ltd. continued to manufacture the slide and detail parts for the pistol, excepting the magazine which was contracted out to Mec-Gar of Italy. When the USA subsidiary of PSP applied for an export permit with the Department of State to transfer the pistols to FN via its Austrian contact, the export permit was denied. At that time, Austria was known to be a trans-shipment point for armaments for the Middle East and the presumption was and remains that State did not want a large number of Baby Browning pistols ending up in the Middle East at that time. The effect of this action on the part of State caused PSP to become insolvent (as it had amassed work in process of in excess of 40,000 Baby Browning part sets). The insolvency of the company precipitated a sale to a USA/Canadian-based investor group in 1991. During 1995 the production of the pistol was spun out by the investor group into a new entity which became known as Precision Small Arms (PSA).PSA introduced a 303 stainless steel version of the pistol in 2008; in 2009 it re-introduced an all billet version of the Lightweight renamed the Featherweight which utilizes a 7075 drop forged aluminum alloy receiver. As of the beginning of 2010 all of PSA's 19 versions of the Baby Browning were being manufactured from billet.
North American Based Production - Non-FN sponsored:
From 1972 until 1984, a company named Bauer Firearms of Fraser, Michigan, USA, manufactured and marketed an unlicensed copy
of the Baby Browning pistol which was machined from 416 stainless steel. This pistol was an approximate copy of the Baby Browning and was designed as such in order to avoid copyright infringement claims from FN, which at that time still had USA patent protection on various components of the Baby Browning pistol. For example, the Bauer copy was produced using 416 stainless steel investment castings while the FN Baby Browning slide and receiver were originally produced from 8620 steel billet, though in the 1950s were produced from 8620 steel investment castings. The Bauer also utilized a different auto safety spring and the barrel was removed (and the slide released from the receiver) by twisting it clockwise 45 degrees from top dead center, rather than counterclockwise-as is the case with the Baby Browning pistol. The Bauer has engraving on both sides of the slide, whereas the FN Baby Browning has engraving only on the side of the slide opposite the ejection port side. The machining and finish of the Bauer was crude by comparison with the Baby Browning. A divorce among Bauer family members precipitated the creation of Fraser Firearms Corporation of Michigan. Both pistols were produced by R.B. Industries, Ltd. Production of the "Fraser" pistol continued until the late 1980s.
Fabrique Nationale de Herstal
Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal — self identified as FN Herstal and often referred to as Fabrique Nationale or simply FN — is a firearms manufacturer located in Herstal, Belgium....
Baby Browning is a small blowback
Blowback (arms)
Blowback is a system of operation for self-loading firearms that obtains energy from the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the propellant charge....
-operated semi-automatic pistol designed by Dieudonné Saive
Dieudonne Saive
Dieudonné Joseph Saive was a Belgian small arms designer who designed the FN Model 1949 and the FN FAL. He became the head firearms developer of Fabrique Nationale after the death of John Browning. After John Browning's death, Saive continued with several projects for modernizing and improving...
based on a design by John Browning
John Browning
John Moses Browning , born in Ogden, Utah, was an American firearms designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world...
(among Browning's last designs) and chambered in .25 ACP
.25 ACP
The .25 ACP centerfire pistol cartridge is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled pistol cartridge introduced by John Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale model 1905 pistol...
(6.35×16mmSR). The pistol features a 6 round magazine capacity and is a striker
Firing pin
A firing pin or striker is part of the firing mechanism used in a firearm or explosive device e.g. an M14 landmine or bomb fuze. Firing pins may take many forms, though the types used in landmines, bombs, grenade fuzes or other single-use devices generally have a sharpened point...
-fired, single action, blow back mechanism. The manual thumb operated safety
Safety (firearms)
In firearms, a safety or safety catch is a mechanism used to help prevent the accidental discharge of a firearm, helping to ensure safer handling....
locks the slide
Pistol slide
The slide is the part of the weapon on a majority of semi-automatic pistols that moves during the operating cycle and generally houses the firing pin or striker and the extractor, and serves as the bolt...
in the closed position when engaged using side thumb pressure.
History
Fabrique Nationale (FN) introduced the revolutionary model 1905Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket
The Model 1908 Vest Pocket is a compact, hammerless, striker-fired, semi-automatic single action pistol. Manufactured by the Colt's Manufacturing Company from 1908 to 1948, it was marketed as a small concealable firearm which could be easily tucked into a gentleman’s vest pocket for unobtrusive carry...
in 1905. Despite the name FN used for this pistol, it was later marketed as the "M1906", the "V.P. .25" (V.P. denoting Vest Pocket), and most confusingly, the "Baby" model. This pistol was introduced more or less at the same time the 6.35x16mm
.25 ACP
The .25 ACP centerfire pistol cartridge is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled pistol cartridge introduced by John Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale model 1905 pistol...
.25 ACP cartridge became widely available. The term "ACP" stands for "Automatic Colt Pistol". This cartridge was among the first automatic pistol cartridges to be utilized worldwide. It was designed with a "semi-rimmed" shell casing made of brass. The rim of the shell casing had a slightly larger circumference than the base of the cartridge and an extractor groove was cut directly above it. The shell casing head was spaced on this small rim, however the utilization of the rim in this design complicated the mechanics of the cartridge because the rim would sometimes get hung up on the extractor groove of the cartridge while still in the magazine.
The M1905/M1906 Vest Pocket pistol incorporated a grip safety mechanism that constituted the entire rear section of the grip. This particular safety mechanism required a significant amount of hand palm pressure to disengage and allow the trigger to release the striker to fire the pistol. Colt produced a nearly identical pocket pistol, the Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket
Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket
The Model 1908 Vest Pocket is a compact, hammerless, striker-fired, semi-automatic single action pistol. Manufactured by the Colt's Manufacturing Company from 1908 to 1948, it was marketed as a small concealable firearm which could be easily tucked into a gentleman’s vest pocket for unobtrusive carry...
, which incorporated a small safety lever on the left side of the receiver which locked the striker. In addition, this safety lever mechanism locked the slide about a half inch back from the front of the pistol to enable easy dis-assembly. FN also added this safety lever mechanism to its pistol, but did not add the magazine safety mechanism that Colt introduced in 1916.
Design
Pressured by dozens of imitations and the proliferation of blatant unlicensed copies, FN began work in earnest on a successor product to the Model 1908 Vest Pocket pistol. The basic Vest Pocket pistol design was used as a starting point for the new design. Dieudonné Saive (who would later design the Browning Hi-PowerBrowning Hi-Power
The Browning Hi-Power is a single-action, 9 mm semi-automatic handgun. It is based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at Fabrique Nationale of Herstal, Belgium. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized...
pistol and FN FAL
FN FAL
The Fusil Automatique Léger or FAL is a self-loading, selective fire battle rifle produced by the Belgian armaments manufacturer Fabrique Nationale de Herstal . During the Cold War it was adopted by many North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries, with the notable exception of the United States...
rifle) was asked during 1926-1927 to design the new pistol. His design was smaller, lighter, and incorporated several refinements and improvements to the M1908 version. For example, the hand palm activated grip safety mechanism was eliminated and the small safety lever on the left side of the receiver was extended under the grip so that the thumb of a right-handed shooter could easily engage and disengage it using pressure applied to the side of the safety lever - rather than pushing it down into the receiver- without having to release one's grip on the pistol. This improvement was at the cost of the slide hold-back feature that was eliminated in the new design. The receiver has a full-length dust guard extending to the end of the slide and an area behind the trigger is relieved to allow a user to maintain a more substantial grip on the pistol. The Dieudonne Saive design also introduced a magazine safety mechanism similar to the one utilized on the Colt Vest Pocket pistol. Parts are not interchangeable between these pistols. This model was marketed under the name "Baby" - and some of the original thermal hardened plastic grips were molded with both the initials "FN" at the top of the grip in a circle and the word "BABY" at the bottom of the grip under a raised crescent. This particular pistol was and continues to be known worldwide as the "Baby Browning" pistol and is the pistol reflected in the picture accompanying this article, excepting the BROWNING marked grip which indicates a more recent (circa 1960 and beyond) production run utilizing nylon impregnated polymer grips. The Baby Browning made its reputation during WWII when it became the pistol of choice of the French Resistance Movement
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
. It was standard issue survival pack gear for US Air Force Pilots during the Vietnam War
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
.
Manufacturing History
European Based Production:FN manufactured and marketed the Baby Browning pistol from 1931 until 1979, though exports to the USA only took place between 1953-1968. About 500,000 units were produced, including the hand chiseled engraved "Renaissance" and the "Lightweight" version. The Lightweight utilized a 6061 T6 aluminum receiver and chrome plated (over electro-less nickel) slide and external detail parts. This particular version of the Baby Browning pistol was developed and marketed in commemoration of the Concorde supersonic jet which was introduced to the public circa 1965. With the exception of special order nickel plated units and the above mentioned custom built pistols, all of the Baby Browning pistols were finished in hot blue. The halt to exports to the USA in 1968 was dictated by the Gun Control Act of 1968
Gun Control Act of 1968
The Gun Control Act of 1968 , by president Lyndon Johnson, is a federal law in the United States that broadly regulates the firearms industry and firearms owners...
which was precipitated by Robert Kennedy's assassination involving an Iver Johnson made revolver and signed into law by then President Lyndon Johnson. This federal legislation forbade the importation of certain firearms, among them the Baby Browning pistol, though it did not specifically prohibit the domestic manufacture of this specific semi-automatic pistol. Many observers interpreted this piece of legislation as protectionism on the part of the USA rather than as a genuine effort on the part of the Congress to curtail the importation of specific firearms. Motivated by yet another corporate reorganization, FN transferred production of the Baby Browning pistol to Manufacture d'armes de Bayonne
Manufacture d'armes de Bayonne
Manufacture d'armes de Bayonne was a French pistol manufacturer. The company was founded by Léon Barthe in 1920...
("MAB") during 1979. Based in France, MAB produced the pistol from 1979 until 1983 when bankruptcy forced it to shut down. Baby Browning pistol production ceased in Europe at that time and has not been revived.
North American Based Production - FN sponsored:
During 1982, discussions began between FN and its North American-based representative Jim Stone. These discussions were focused on securing a North American-based manufacturer for the Baby Browning pistol. In 1984, a Canadian Swiss screw machine shop with a world class reputation for producing aerospace and defense related components entered into a technology transfer and production agreement with FN. This company's name was Precision Small Parts, Ltd. It was based in Aurora, Ontario, Canada, and maintained a subsidiary in Charlottesville, Virginia. FN issued an order to PSP for 40,000 of the Baby Browning pistols. All of these pistols were to be exported to Austria under the Browning logo for re-distribution by FN to its non-USA customers. PSP's owner (Joseph Maygar Sr.) had a long working history with FN dating back to the days of the Hungarian Resistance Movement of WWII. PSP produced other firearms for FN, including sub-machine gun parts. In 1985, the Canadian authorities forced PSP to transfer production of the Baby Browning receiver to its Virginia facility, though PSP Ltd. continued to manufacture the slide and detail parts for the pistol, excepting the magazine which was contracted out to Mec-Gar of Italy. When the USA subsidiary of PSP applied for an export permit with the Department of State to transfer the pistols to FN via its Austrian contact, the export permit was denied. At that time, Austria was known to be a trans-shipment point for armaments for the Middle East and the presumption was and remains that State did not want a large number of Baby Browning pistols ending up in the Middle East at that time. The effect of this action on the part of State caused PSP to become insolvent (as it had amassed work in process of in excess of 40,000 Baby Browning part sets). The insolvency of the company precipitated a sale to a USA/Canadian-based investor group in 1991. During 1995 the production of the pistol was spun out by the investor group into a new entity which became known as Precision Small Arms (PSA).PSA introduced a 303 stainless steel version of the pistol in 2008; in 2009 it re-introduced an all billet version of the Lightweight renamed the Featherweight which utilizes a 7075 drop forged aluminum alloy receiver. As of the beginning of 2010 all of PSA's 19 versions of the Baby Browning were being manufactured from billet.
North American Based Production - Non-FN sponsored:
From 1972 until 1984, a company named Bauer Firearms of Fraser, Michigan, USA, manufactured and marketed an unlicensed copy
Bauer Automatic
The Bauer Automatic is an American-made copy of the Baby Browning. Made of stainless steel, they are chambered in .25 ACP with a 6 round magazine capacity. The Bauer was manufactured in Fraser, Michigan from 1972-1984....
of the Baby Browning pistol which was machined from 416 stainless steel. This pistol was an approximate copy of the Baby Browning and was designed as such in order to avoid copyright infringement claims from FN, which at that time still had USA patent protection on various components of the Baby Browning pistol. For example, the Bauer copy was produced using 416 stainless steel investment castings while the FN Baby Browning slide and receiver were originally produced from 8620 steel billet, though in the 1950s were produced from 8620 steel investment castings. The Bauer also utilized a different auto safety spring and the barrel was removed (and the slide released from the receiver) by twisting it clockwise 45 degrees from top dead center, rather than counterclockwise-as is the case with the Baby Browning pistol. The Bauer has engraving on both sides of the slide, whereas the FN Baby Browning has engraving only on the side of the slide opposite the ejection port side. The machining and finish of the Bauer was crude by comparison with the Baby Browning. A divorce among Bauer family members precipitated the creation of Fraser Firearms Corporation of Michigan. Both pistols were produced by R.B. Industries, Ltd. Production of the "Fraser" pistol continued until the late 1980s.