Battle of Kashgar (1934)
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Kashgar was a military confrontation that took place in 1934 during the Xinjiang Wars
. Turkic Muslim Uighur and Kirghiz fighters under Emir Abdullah Bughra
and the other Turkic separatists began four separate attacks over a six-day period on Hui
and Han Chinese
soldiers led by General Ma Zhancang
trapped inside Kashgar. Khoja Niyas Hajji joined the attack with his own Kumul Uyghur fighters after a 300 mile trek from Aksu where he was driven out by a force of Chinese Muslims, appearing at the walls of Kashgar on January 13. The Chinese Muslims and Chinese repulsed the Turkic fighters, inflicting severe casualties upon the Turks.
36th division General Ma Fuyuan then stormed Kashgar
, and attacked the Uighur
and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic
. He freed Ma Zhancang and the trapped Chinese soldiers. Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan then defeated and drove out the remaining Turkic fighters. 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians were killed, in revenge for the Kizil massacre
. In April 1934, General Ma Zhongying
personally gave a speech at Idgah mosque, telling the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China
government at Nanjing
Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed by the 36th division. The Chinese Muslims were referred to as "Tungan tribesmen", initial reports that 2,000 uighurs and several members of the British consulate were killed. The Uighurs were reinforced by troops from Yark and Hotien and Kirghiz tribesmen.
Xinjiang Wars
The Xinjiang Wars were a series of armed conflicts which took place within Xinjiang in the Republic of China during the Warlord Era and Chinese Civil War...
. Turkic Muslim Uighur and Kirghiz fighters under Emir Abdullah Bughra
Abdullah Bughra
Abdullah Bughra , was a Uighur Emir of the First East Turkestan Republic. He was the younger brother of Muhammad Amin Bughra and older brother of Emir Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra. He commanded Uighur and Kirghiz forces during the Battle of Kashgar against the Chinese Muslimm 36th Division...
and the other Turkic separatists began four separate attacks over a six-day period on Hui
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
and Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
soldiers led by General Ma Zhancang
Ma Zhancang
Ma Zhancang was a Chinese muslim general of the 36th Division , who served under Generals Ma Zhongying and Ma Hushan. At the Battle of Kashgar , he repulsed an attack of Uighurs led by the Syrian Arab Tawfiq Bay, wounding Tawfiq...
trapped inside Kashgar. Khoja Niyas Hajji joined the attack with his own Kumul Uyghur fighters after a 300 mile trek from Aksu where he was driven out by a force of Chinese Muslims, appearing at the walls of Kashgar on January 13. The Chinese Muslims and Chinese repulsed the Turkic fighters, inflicting severe casualties upon the Turks.
36th division General Ma Fuyuan then stormed Kashgar
Kashgar
Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis city with approximately 350,000 residents in the western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture which has an area of 162,000 km² and a population of approximately...
, and attacked the Uighur
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
and Kirghiz rebels of the First East Turkestan Republic
First East Turkestan Republic
The First Eastern Turkestan Republic , or Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan , or, Republic of Uyghurstan, was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933...
. He freed Ma Zhancang and the trapped Chinese soldiers. Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan then defeated and drove out the remaining Turkic fighters. 2,000 to 8,000 Uighur civilians were killed, in revenge for the Kizil massacre
Kizil massacre
The Kizil massacre occurred in June 1933, when Uighur and Kirghiz Turkic fighters of the First East Turkestan Republic broke their agreement not to attack a column of retreating Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim soldiers and civilians from Yarkand New City on their way to Kashgar...
. In April 1934, General Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying was a Tungan Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. Ma Zhongying's birth name was Ma Buying . Zhongying was a warlord of Gansu province in China during the 1930s. He allied himself with the Kuomintang, which gave his soldiers an official...
personally gave a speech at Idgah mosque, telling the Uighurs to be loyal to the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
government at Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
Several British citizens at the British consulate were killed by the 36th division. The Chinese Muslims were referred to as "Tungan tribesmen", initial reports that 2,000 uighurs and several members of the British consulate were killed. The Uighurs were reinforced by troops from Yark and Hotien and Kirghiz tribesmen.