Battle of Mainz
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Mainz was fought on 29 October 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars
, between France
and Austria
. The battle was fought near the city of Mainz
now in western Germany
and ended in an Austrian victory.
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states...
, between France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
. The battle was fought near the city of Mainz
Mainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
now in western Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and ended in an Austrian victory.
People involved
- François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of ClerfaytFrançois Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of ClerfaytFrançois Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt , a Walloon, joined the army of the Habsburg Monarchy and soon fought in the Seven Years War. Later in his military career, he led Austrian troops in the war against Ottoman Turkey...
- Jean Baptiste KléberJean Baptiste KléberJean Baptiste Kléber was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars. His military career started in Habsburg service, but his plebeian ancestry hindered his opportunities...
- Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr
- Gabriel Jean Joseph MolitorGabriel Jean Joseph MolitorGabriel-Jean-Joseph, comte Molitor , was a Marshal of France, born in Hayingen in Lorraine.Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, Molitor joined the French revolutionary armies as a captain in a battalion of militia. In 1793 he was given command of a brigade and served under Hoche under whom...
- Adam Albert von NeippergAdam Albert von NeippergAdam Albert, Count von Neipperg was an Austrian general and statesman. The son of a diplomat, famous for inventing a letter-copying machine, and a French mother, he was the grandson of Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg....
- Antoine Christophe MerlinAntoine Christophe MerlinAntoine Christophe Merlin was a member of several legislative bodies during the era of the French Revolution. He is usually called "Merlin de Thionville" to distinguish him from Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai.He was born at Thionville, the son of a procureur in the bailliage of Thionville...
- Auguste de Marmont
- Charles XIV John of SwedenCharles XIV John of SwedenCharles XIV & III John, also Carl John, Swedish and Norwegian: Karl Johan was King of Sweden and King of Norway from 1818 until his death...
- Franz von WeyrotherFranz von WeyrotherFranz von Weyrother was an Austrian staff officer and general who fought during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars...
- François, marquis de Chasseloup-LaubatFrançois, marquis de Chasseloup-LaubatFrançois, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat , French general and military engineer, was born at Saint-Sernin , of a noble family, and entered the French engineers in 1774....
- François Séverin Marceau-DesgraviersFrançois Séverin Marceau-DesgraviersFrançois Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars.-Early life:Desgraviers was born at Chartres, Eure-et-Loir. His father served as a legal officer, and Marceau received an education for a legal career, but at the age of sixteen he enlisted in the regiment of...
- Jean-Marie-Joseph CoutelleJean-Marie-Joseph CoutelleJean-Marie-Joseph Coutelle was a French engineer, scientist and pioneer of ballooning.-Life:...
- Joseph Marie, Count DessaixJoseph Marie, Count DessaixJoseph Marie, Count Dessaix was a French general.He was born at Thonon in Savoy...
- Nicolas-Jacques ContéNicolas-Jacques ContéNicolas-Jacques Conté was a French painter, balloonist, army officer, and inventor of the modern pencil.He was born at Saint-Céneri-près-Sées in Normandy, and distinguished himself for his mechanical genius which was of great avail to the French army in Egypt...
- Paul Louis CourierPaul Louis CourierPaul Louis Courier , French Hellenist and political writer, was born in Paris.Brought up on his father's estate of Méré in Touraine, he conceived a bitter aversion for the nobility, which seemed to strengthen with time. He would never take the name "de Méré", to which he was entitled, lest he...
- Armée de Mayence
- Serbian mercenaries (see: Kočina Krajina Serb rebellionKocina Krajina Serb rebellionKoča's frontier rebellion was an uprising of Serbs against the Ottoman Empire from February 1788 - September 7, 1788. Koča Andjelković was the leader of the uprising which was aided by the Habsburg Empire...
in 1791) under General Major Stephan Bernhard Keglevich did not take part, but were involved as neutral observers (see map below). - Frédéric-César de La HarpeFrédéric-César de La HarpeFrédéric-César de La Harpe was a Swiss political leader and Vaudois patriot, who played a leading role in the creation of the Helvetic Republic.-Biography:...
did not take part, but was involved, had a leading role in the creation of the Helvetic RepublicHelvetic RepublicIn Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then consisted mainly of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance, and conquered territories such as Vaud...
.
Military units
- 54th Infantry Regiment (France)54th Infantry Regiment (France)The 54th Infantry Regiment is a line infantry regiment of the French Army.-Early service:It was formed in 1657 during the Ancien Régime as the régiment Mazarin-Catalans, being renamed the régiment Royal Catalan in 1661 then the régiment Royal Roussillon in 1667...
under Colonel Sauvat(?) - Hessian (soldiers) under Colonel Johann KeglevichHouse of KeglevićThe House of Keglević is a Croatian noble family originally from Dalmatia, their members were pointed out in public life, also as soldiers...
. He was awarded the Military Order of Maria TheresaMilitary Order of Maria TheresaThe Military Order of Maria Theresa was an Order of the Austro-Hungarian Empire founded on June 18, 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolin, by the Empress...
in 1798 "for by his own initiative undertaken and successfully a campaign significantly affecting feats of arms, which an officer of honor would may have omitted without blame".