Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
Encyclopedia
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is a plant virus
, transmitted by the protozoan Polymyxa betae (initially thought to be a fungus)). Polymyxa forms highly resistant spores that can rest in soils for more than two decades. The virus can rest in these spores, and when the spores germinate into mobile zoospore
s, they transmit the virus to the plant.
The BNYVV is the type member of the Benyvirus
genus and is responsible for rhizomania, a disease of sugar beet
(Rhizo: root; Mania: madness) that causes proliferation of thin rootlets, and leads to a smaller tap root with reduced sugar content. Infected plants are less able to take up water, and wilting can be observed during the warm period of the year. If the infection spreads to the whole plant, vein yellowing, necrosis
and yellow spots appear on the leaves, giving the virus its name.
Depending on the isolate, the virus comprises four to five rod-shaped particles, each containing a different positive sense
RNA
. Each RNA has a 5' cap
and 3' polyadenylation
.
Plant virus
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses are pathogenic to higher plants...
, transmitted by the protozoan Polymyxa betae (initially thought to be a fungus)). Polymyxa forms highly resistant spores that can rest in soils for more than two decades. The virus can rest in these spores, and when the spores germinate into mobile zoospore
Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some algae, bacteria and fungi to propagate themselves.-Flagella:...
s, they transmit the virus to the plant.
The BNYVV is the type member of the Benyvirus
Benyvirus
The viral genus Benyvirus has no family.It is characterized by a positive-stranded single stranded RNA genome that is rod-shaped and non-enveloped in nature...
genus and is responsible for rhizomania, a disease of sugar beet
Sugar beet
Sugar beet, a cultivated plant of Beta vulgaris, is a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other B...
(Rhizo: root; Mania: madness) that causes proliferation of thin rootlets, and leads to a smaller tap root with reduced sugar content. Infected plants are less able to take up water, and wilting can be observed during the warm period of the year. If the infection spreads to the whole plant, vein yellowing, necrosis
Necrosis
Necrosis is the premature death of cells in living tissue. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma. This is in contrast to apoptosis, which is a naturally occurring cause of cellular death...
and yellow spots appear on the leaves, giving the virus its name.
Depending on the isolate, the virus comprises four to five rod-shaped particles, each containing a different positive sense
Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, sense is a concept used to compare the polarity of nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to other nucleic acid molecules...
RNA
RNA
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
. Each RNA has a 5' cap
5' cap
The 5' cap is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5' end of precursor messenger RNA and some other primary RNA transcripts as found in eukaryotes. The process of 5' capping is vital to creating mature messenger RNA, which is then able to undergo translation...
and 3' polyadenylation
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly tail to an RNA molecule. The poly tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA for translation...
.