Bereg (county)
Encyclopedia
Bereg is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Its territory is presently in northeastern Hungary
and western Ukraine
. The capital of the county was Berehove
(Ukrainian, Berehovo in Rusyn, Beregszász in Hungarian, Bergsaß in German, Beregovo in Russian, Bereg in Romanian).
n crownland Galicia (currently in Poland
and Ukraine
) and the Hungarian counties Máramaros
, Ugocsa
, Szatmár
, Szabolcs
and Ung. It was situated between the Carpathian Mountains
in the north and the river Tisza
in the south. Its area was 3788 km² around 1910.
. In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon
assigned most of the territory to Czechoslovakia
, present day Slovakia
. The southwestern part remained in Hungary
(county Szatmár-Ugocsa-Bereg
).
During World War II
, when Czechoslovakia
was split temporarily, the complete county was occupied by Hungary under the First Vienna Award
. The county Bereg was recreated, again with Beregszász as capital.
After World War II, the formerly Czechoslovak part of Bereg county became part of the Soviet Union
, Ukrainian SSR
, Zakarpattia Oblast
. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union
split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine
.
The south-western part of the county, that was in Hungary
before World War II
, became part of the Hungarian
county Szabolcs-Szatmár
. This county was renamed Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
in the 1990s.
Religions (1910 Census):
All the towns mentioned are presently in Ukraine
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Its territory is presently in northeastern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. The capital of the county was Berehove
Berehove
Berehove is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine, near the border with Hungary.Serving as the administrative center of the Berehove Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast...
(Ukrainian, Berehovo in Rusyn, Beregszász in Hungarian, Bergsaß in German, Beregovo in Russian, Bereg in Romanian).
Geography
Bereg county shared borders with the AustriaAustria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n crownland Galicia (currently in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
) and the Hungarian counties Máramaros
Máramaros
Máramaros is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in north-western Romania and western Ukraine...
, Ugocsa
Ugocsa
Ugocsa is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in north-western Romania and western Ukraine...
, Szatmár
Szatmár
Szatmár is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in north-western Romania and north-eastern Hungary, south of the river Tisza...
, Szabolcs
Szabolcs (county)
Szabolcs is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Nyíregyháza.-Geography:...
and Ung. It was situated between the Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe...
in the north and the river Tisza
Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe. It rises in Ukraine, and is formed near Rakhiv by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the Chornohora mountains and Black Tisa, which springs in the Gorgany range...
in the south. Its area was 3788 km² around 1910.
History
Bereg is one of the oldest counties in HungaryHungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
assigned most of the territory to Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
, present day Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
. The southwestern part remained in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
(county Szatmár-Ugocsa-Bereg
Szatmár
Szatmár is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in north-western Romania and north-eastern Hungary, south of the river Tisza...
).
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, when Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
was split temporarily, the complete county was occupied by Hungary under the First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
. The county Bereg was recreated, again with Beregszász as capital.
After World War II, the formerly Czechoslovak part of Bereg county became part of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
, Zakarpattia Oblast
Zakarpattia Oblast
The Zakarpattia Oblast is an administrative oblast located in southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod...
. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
The south-western part of the county, that was in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, became part of the Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
county Szabolcs-Szatmár
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg is an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary, bordering Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Hajdú-Bihar and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén...
. This county was renamed Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg is an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary, bordering Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Hajdú-Bihar and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén...
in the 1990s.
Religions (1910 Census):
- Greek Catholic 49.7%
- Calvinist 25.9%
- Jewish 14.2%
- Roman Catholic 9.7%
- Lutheran 0.4%
- Greek Orthodox 0.1%
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Bereg county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Alsóverecke | Alsóverecke, UA Ukrainian language Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet.... Nyzhni Vorota, RUE Rusyn language Rusyn , also known in English as Ruthenian, is an East Slavic language variety spoken by the Rusyns of Central Europe. Some linguists treat it as a distinct language and it has its own ISO 639-3 code; others treat it as a dialect of Ukrainian... Nyzhn'ŷ Verec'kŷ |
| Felvidék | Ilosva, UA Irshava Irshava Irshava is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Irshava Raion .-Demographics:The current estimated population is 9,515 .In 2001, the population included:... , RUE Yrshava |
| Latorca | Oroszvég, UA Rosvegove, RUE Rosvyhovo part of Mukachevo |
| Mezőkaszony | Mezőkaszony, UA Koson', RUE Koson' |
| Munkács | Munkács, UA Mukacheve Mukacheve Mukachevo or Mukacheve is a city located in the valley of the Latorica river in the Zakarpattia Oblast , in southwestern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Mukachivskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast... , RUE Mukachovo |
| Szolyva | Szolyva, UA Svaliava Svaliava Svaliava is a city located on the Latorytsia River in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Svaliava Raion .-Demographics:In 2001, the population included: *Ukrainians... , RUE Svaliava |
| Tiszahát | Beregszász, UA Berehove Berehove Berehove is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine, near the border with Hungary.Serving as the administrative center of the Berehove Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast... , RUE Berehovo |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Beregszász, UA Berehove Berehove Berehove is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine, near the border with Hungary.Serving as the administrative center of the Berehove Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast... , RUE Berehovo |
|
| Munkács, UA Mukacheve Mukacheve Mukachevo or Mukacheve is a city located in the valley of the Latorica river in the Zakarpattia Oblast , in southwestern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Mukachivskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast... , RUE Mukachovo |
|
All the towns mentioned are presently in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.