Bernard Gardiner
Encyclopedia
Bernard Gardiner was an academic at the University of Oxford
, serving as Warden
of All Souls College, Oxford
and also as Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.
, a lawyer and politician, and was baptised in Fareham, Hampshire on 25 September 1668. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford
, matriculating
there in November 1684 and holding a demyship
(scholarship), but lost his position during a battle for supremacy between the college's officials and James II
. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1688, and became a Fellow of All Souls College
in the following year. Thomas Tenison
, the Archbishop of Canterbury
, nominated him to become the Warden (head) of All Souls in 1702. He later added the degrees of Bachelor of Civil Law
in 1693 and Doctor of Civil Law
in 1698.
Further positions within the University of Oxford
followed: Keeper of the Archives
from 1703, and Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1712 to 1715. He took steps to ensure that fellows of the Oxford colleges
complied with their obligations to reside in Oxford and, for fellows at some colleges, to become priests. He had some, but not complete, success since some of the errant fellows had powerful supporters. Gardiner himself was ordained, and was vicar
of Ambrosden
, Oxfordshire from 1708 and rector
of Hawarden
, Flintshire from 1714. He helped to organise the rebuilding of All Souls by Nicholas Hawksmoor
and George Clarke
.
Gardiner died on 22 April 1726 in Oxford and his estates were inherited by his daughter, Grace.
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
, serving as Warden
Warden (college)
A warden is the head of some colleges and other educational institutions. This applies especially at some colleges and institutions at the University of Oxford:* All Souls College* Greyfriars* Keble College* Merton College* New College* Nuffield College...
of All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College, Oxford
The Warden and the College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford or All Souls College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England....
and also as Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.
Life
Gardiner was the son of Sir William Gardiner, 1st BaronetSir William Gardiner, 1st Baronet
Sir William Gardiner, 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660.Gardiner was the son of Robert Gardiner of Wigan and his wife Mary Palmer....
, a lawyer and politician, and was baptised in Fareham, Hampshire on 25 September 1668. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford
Magdalen College, Oxford
Magdalen College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. As of 2006 the college had an estimated financial endowment of £153 million. Magdalen is currently top of the Norrington Table after over half of its 2010 finalists received first-class degrees, a record...
, matriculating
Matriculation
Matriculation, in the broadest sense, means to be registered or added to a list, from the Latin matricula – little list. In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings...
there in November 1684 and holding a demyship
Demyship
A demyship is a form of scholarship, specifically at Magdalen College, Oxford. Oscar Wilde, Lewis Gielgud, Lord Denning andT. E. Lawrence were famous recipients. It is derived from demi-socii or half-fellows. Magdalen's founder, William of Waynflete, originally provided them for the College...
(scholarship), but lost his position during a battle for supremacy between the college's officials and James II
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1688, and became a Fellow of All Souls College
All Souls College, Oxford
The Warden and the College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford or All Souls College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England....
in the following year. Thomas Tenison
Thomas Tenison
Thomas Tenison was an English church leader, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1694 until his death. During his primacy, he crowned two British monarchs.-Life:...
, the Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
, nominated him to become the Warden (head) of All Souls in 1702. He later added the degrees of Bachelor of Civil Law
Bachelor of Civil Law
Bachelor of Civil Law is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. Historically, it originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but many universities now offer the BCL as an undergraduate degree...
in 1693 and Doctor of Civil Law
Doctor of Civil Law
Doctor of Civil Law is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws degrees....
in 1698.
Further positions within the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
followed: Keeper of the Archives
Keeper of the Archives
The position of Keeper of the Archives at the University of Oxford in England dates from 1634, when it was established by new statutes for the university brought in by William Laud...
from 1703, and Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1712 to 1715. He took steps to ensure that fellows of the Oxford colleges
Colleges of the University of Oxford
The University of Oxford comprises 38 Colleges and 6 Permanent Private Halls of religious foundation. Colleges and PPHs are autonomous self-governing corporations within the university, and all teaching staff and students studying for a degree of the university must belong to one of the colleges...
complied with their obligations to reside in Oxford and, for fellows at some colleges, to become priests. He had some, but not complete, success since some of the errant fellows had powerful supporters. Gardiner himself was ordained, and was vicar
Vicar
In the broadest sense, a vicar is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior . In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant...
of Ambrosden
Ambrosden
Ambrosden is a village and civil parish in Cherwell, Oxfordshire, England, southwest of Bicester to which it is linked by the A41 road, and from Oxford. The 2001 Census recorded a parish population of 1,749 people. The parish is bounded by the River Ray to the south, its tributary the River Bure...
, Oxfordshire from 1708 and rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
of Hawarden
Hawarden
Hawarden is a village in Flintshire, North Wales. Hawarden forms part of the Deeside conurbation on the Welsh/English border. At the 2001 Census, the population of Hawarden Ward was 1,858...
, Flintshire from 1714. He helped to organise the rebuilding of All Souls by Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor was a British architect born in Nottinghamshire, probably in East Drayton.-Life:Hawksmoor was born in Nottinghamshire in 1661, into a yeoman farming family, almost certainly in East Drayton, Nottinghamshire. On his death he was to leave property at nearby Ragnall, Dunham and a...
and George Clarke
George Clarke
George Clarke , the son of Sir William Clarke, enrolled at Brasenose College, Oxford in 1676. He was elected a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford in 1680. He became Judge Advocate to the Army and was William III of England's Secretary at War from 1690 to 1704...
.
Gardiner died on 22 April 1726 in Oxford and his estates were inherited by his daughter, Grace.