Bernhard Duhm
Encyclopedia
Bernhard Lauardus Duhm was a German Lutheran theologian born in Bingum, today part of Leer
, East Frisia
.
He studied theology at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors Albrecht Ritschl
(1822-1889), Heinrich Ewald
(1803-1875) and Julius Wellhausen
(1844-1918), with the latter becoming a good friend and colleague to Duhm. In 1873 he became a lecturer at Göttingen
and subsequently an associate professor of Old Testament studies (1877). In 1888 he relocated to the University of Basel
, where he was one of the more influential Old Testament
scholars of his time.
Duhm is remembered for his exegetical
work on the prophets of the Old Testament, particularly studies dealing with the complexities of the Books of Jeremiah
and Isaiah
. He pioneered the theory of multiple authors of the book of Isaiah. His commentary outlined the structure and content of Isaiah
1-39 called first Isaiah or Isaiah of Jerusalem. Duhm in the same commentary provides an in-depth analysis of the "Deuterojesaja" (Second Isaiah, chapters 40-55), and the so-called "Tritojesaja" (Third Isaiah, chapters 56-66).
He was the father of three sons, Hans
(1878-1946) Dietrich
(1880-1940) and Andreas
(1883-1975), all of whom were professional chess players
. Bernhard Duhm died in Basel
on November 1, 1928 as the result of car accident.
Leer
Leer is a town in the district of Leer, the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the river Ems, near the border with the Netherlands....
, East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
.
He studied theology at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors Albrecht Ritschl
Albrecht Ritschl
Albrecht Ritschl was a German theologian.Starting in 1852, Ritschl lectured on "Systematic Theology". According to this system, faith was understood to be irreducible to other experiences, beyond the scope of reason. Faith, he said, came not from facts but from value judgments...
(1822-1889), Heinrich Ewald
Heinrich Ewald
Georg Heinrich August Ewald was a German orientalist and theologian.-Life:Ewald was born at Göttingen where his father was a linen weaver. In 1815 he was sent to the gymnasium, and in 1820 he entered the University of Göttingen, where he studied with J.G. Eichhorn and T. C. Tychsen, specialising...
(1803-1875) and Julius Wellhausen
Julius Wellhausen
Julius Wellhausen , was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, noted particularly for his contribution to scholarly understanding of the origin of the Pentateuch/Torah ....
(1844-1918), with the latter becoming a good friend and colleague to Duhm. In 1873 he became a lecturer at Göttingen
Göttingen
Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...
and subsequently an associate professor of Old Testament studies (1877). In 1888 he relocated to the University of Basel
University of Basel
The University of Basel is located in Basel, Switzerland, and is considered to be one of leading universities in the country...
, where he was one of the more influential Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
scholars of his time.
Duhm is remembered for his exegetical
Exegesis
Exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text. Traditionally the term was used primarily for exegesis of the Bible; however, in contemporary usage it has broadened to mean a critical explanation of any text, and the term "Biblical exegesis" is used...
work on the prophets of the Old Testament, particularly studies dealing with the complexities of the Books of Jeremiah
Book of Jeremiah
The Book of Jeremiah is the second of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, following the book of Isaiah and preceding Ezekiel and the Book of the Twelve....
and Isaiah
Book of Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, preceding the books of Ezekiel, Jeremiah and the Book of the Twelve...
. He pioneered the theory of multiple authors of the book of Isaiah. His commentary outlined the structure and content of Isaiah
Isaiah
Isaiah ; Greek: ', Ēsaïās ; "Yahu is salvation") was a prophet in the 8th-century BC Kingdom of Judah.Jews and Christians consider the Book of Isaiah a part of their Biblical canon; he is the first listed of the neviim akharonim, the later prophets. Many of the New Testament teachings of Jesus...
1-39 called first Isaiah or Isaiah of Jerusalem. Duhm in the same commentary provides an in-depth analysis of the "Deuterojesaja" (Second Isaiah, chapters 40-55), and the so-called "Tritojesaja" (Third Isaiah, chapters 56-66).
He was the father of three sons, Hans
Hans Duhm
Hans Duhm was a German–Swiss chess master.Born in Göttingen, Germany, he was the elder brother of Dietrich Duhm and Andreas Duhm. His father, Bernhard Duhm, was a professor for Protestant theology in Göttingen and Basel, Switzerland...
(1878-1946) Dietrich
Dietrich Duhm
Dietrich Duhm was a German–Swiss chess master.Born in Göttingen, Germany, he was the brother of Hans Duhm and Andreas Duhm. His father, Bernhard Duhm, was a professor for Protestant theology in Göttingen and Basel, Switzerland...
(1880-1940) and Andreas
Andreas Duhm
Andreas Duhm was a German–Swiss chess master.Born in Göttingen, Germany, he was the younger brother of Hans Duhm and Dietrich Duhm. His father, Bernhard Duhm, was a professor for Protestant theology in Göttingen and Basel, Switzerland...
(1883-1975), all of whom were professional chess players
Chess master
A chess master is a chess player of such skill that he/she can usually beat chess experts, who themselves typically prevail against most amateurs. Among chess players, the term is often abbreviated to master, the meaning being clear from context....
. Bernhard Duhm died in Basel
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
on November 1, 1928 as the result of car accident.
Selected publications
- Die Theologie der Propheten als Grundlage für die innere Entwicklungsgeschichte der israelitischen Religion (The Theology of the Prophets as the basis for Internal Development of IsraeliteIsraeliteAccording to the Bible the Israelites were a Hebrew-speaking people of the Ancient Near East who inhabited the Land of Canaan during the monarchic period .The word "Israelite" derives from the Biblical Hebrew ישראל...
Religion), 1875 - Das Buch Jesaia übersetzt und erklärt (The Book of Isaiah Translated and Explained), 1892
- Das Buch Jeremia, (The Book of JeremiahJeremiahJeremiah Hebrew：יִרְמְיָה , Modern Hebrew:Yirməyāhū, IPA: jirməˈjaːhu, Tiberian:Yirmĭyahu, Greek:Ἰερεμίας), meaning "Yahweh exalts", or called the "Weeping prophet" was one of the main prophets of the Hebrew Bible...
), 1901 - Israels Propheten (Israel's Prophets), 1922