Bernhard Henrik Crusell (15 October 1775 – 28 July 1838) was a Swedish-Finnish clarinet

Clarinet

The clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix -et to the Italian word clarino , as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed...

ist, composer

Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...

 and translator

Translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of...

, "the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical

Classical period (music)

The dates of the Classical Period in Western music are generally accepted as being between about 1750 and 1830. However, the term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or...

 composer and indeed, — the outstanding Finnish composer before Sibelius".

Early life and training

Crusell was born in Uusikaupunki

Uusikaupunki

Uusikaupunki , is a town and municipality of Finland.It is located in the Finland Proper region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is inland water. The population density is .The municipality is unilingually Finnish...

 (Swedish: Nystad), Finland

Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...

, into a poor family of bookbinders. His grandfather, Bernhard Kruselius had learned the trade of bookbinding in Turku

Turku

Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...

 and Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...

, then settled in Pori

Pori

Pori is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region....

 where he fathered nine children, including Crusell's father Jakob, who also became a bookbinder. In 1765, after Jakob completed his apprenticeship, he moved to Uusikaupunki and married Helena Ylander, but she died about one year later. In 1769 he married Margaretha Messman. The couple had four children, but Bernhard was the only one who lived to become an adult. Later in life Crusell described this period of his life, writing in the third person

Grammatical person

Grammatical person, in linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event; such as the speaker, the addressee, or others. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns...

:

In his little town of birth there was only one person who had an active interest in music: a shop assistant who could be heard in the evenings playing the flute for his own amusement. One night, the four-year old Berndt was sitting in the street, leaning against a wall, on top of the world with admiration for the sweet melodies. His parents, who had been looking for their son for a long time, scolded him severely, but this could not stop the boy from returning to his favourite spot the next evening. This time he got a beating for his disobedience, but as it was to no avail, they left him to his "craze", confident that he would come back home as soon as the flute went silent...

When Crusell was eight, the family moved to Nurmijärvi

Nurmijärvi

Nurmijärvi is the most populated rural municipality of Finland, located north of the capital Helsinki.The close proximity to Helsinki has led to a considerable growth of the major villages such as Klaukkala and Rajamäki, which nowadays are considered dormitory towns of Helsinki...

 about 23 miles north of Helsinki

Helsinki

Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...

. His innate interest in music continued, and he learned to play a friend's clarinet by ear. He soon began to receive training from a member of the Nyland regimental band.

In 1788, when he was thirteen, another family friend, aware of the young man's natural ability, took him to see Major O. Wallenstjerna at Sveaborg . Sveaborg was a Swedish fortress built on six islands just off the coast of Helsinki. The educated officers of the fort had significant influence on the culture and politics of the city. Wallenstjerna, impressed with Crusell's playing, recruited him as a volunteer member of the Sveaborg military band and gave him a place to live with his own family. Crusell received an education at Sveaborg and excelled in music and languages. In 1791 Wallenstjerna transferred to Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...

 and Crusell went with him. Although Crusell spent most of the rest of his life in Sweden, he always considered himself a Finn. In his final years in a letter to Runeberg

Johan Ludvig Runeberg

Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet, and is the national poet of Finland. He wrote in the Swedish language....

 he called himself a "finsk landsman" (a Finn). He also maintained his travel diaries in Finnish.

Career as a clarinetist

In Stockholm Crusell continued his studies and established himself as a clarinet soloist. In 1792, at age sixteen, he received an appointment as the director of the regimental band, and in 1793 became principal clarinet with the Hovkapellet

Kungliga Hovkapellet

Kungliga Hovkapellet , is a Swedish orchestra and was located at the Royal Court in Sweden's capital Stockholm. It was first recorded in 1526. Since 1773 it is part of the Royal Swedish Opera's company....

 (Royal Court Orchestra), which was directed by his composition teacher, the German composer Abbé Vogler

Georg Joseph Vogler

Georg Joseph Vogler, also known as Abbé Vogler , was a German composer, organist, teacher and theorist.Vogler was born at Pleichach in Würzburg...

. In 1798 he received financial assistance which enabled him to live in Berlin

Berlin

Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

 for a few months and study with the well-known German clarinetist Franz Tausch (1762–1817). Tausch had founded the German school of clarinet playing which emphasized beauty of tone over technique. Crusell's progress was swift, and he performed at concerts in Berlin and Hamburg before returning to Sweden. The review of the Hamburg concert in Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung

Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung

The Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung was a German-language periodical published in the 19th century. Comini has called it "the foremost German-language musical periodical of its time"...

 was positive.

Crusell lived in Sweden for the rest of his life, going back to Finland only once. After a trip to St. Petersburg, on his return trip to Sweden, he performed in Helsinki on 7 July 1801, with the pianist Fredrik Lithander as his accompanist, and in Turku

Turku

Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...

 on 30 July, in a concert organized by the orchestra of the Turku Society of Music.

In Stockholm Crusell had become acquainted with the French ambassador to Sweden. This friendship encouraged and enabled him to undertake a trip to Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

 in 1803. There he performed and also studied clarinet with Jean-Xavier Lefèvre at the newly formed Conservatoire

Conservatoire de Paris

The Conservatoire de Paris is a college of music and dance founded in 1795, now situated in the avenue Jean Jaurès in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France...

. On 2 June, with the encouragement of Lefèvre, he purchased a new mouthpiece made by Michel Amlingue (1741–1816) and on 14 September a six-key C clarinet made by Jean Jacques Baumann. Before about 1800 Crusell had been playing with the reed turned up, but later turned it down, the modern practice and a position more compatible with cantabile

Cantabile

Cantabile is a musical term meaning literally "singable" or "songlike" . It has several meanings in different contexts. In instrumental music, it indicates a particular style of playing designed to imitate the human voice. For 18th century composers, the term is often used synonymously with...

 playing. Exactly when he did this is not well established, but he may have favored the reed-above position because of a lack of evenness in his teeth.

Around this time the Théâtre-Italien de Paris offered Crusell a position as first clarinetist. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden

Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden

Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden also Gustav Adolph was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809. He was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and his queen consort Sophia Magdalena, eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and his first wife Louise of Great Britain. He was the last Swedish...

, anxious to keep Crusell in the royal orchestra, denied a petition for an extension of leave and as a positive inducement made him chief conductor of the bodyguard regiment bands. After Crusell returned to Stockholm he remained with the Royal Court Orchestra until 1833.

In June 1811 Crusell made another trip to see Tausch in Berlin, and the two men discussed clarinets. Later that month he visited a benefactor in Leipzig, and in July he purchased a new instrument from Heinrich Grenser

Heinrich Grenser

Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Grenser was a German musical instrument maker.Grenser was born in Lipprechtsroda, Thuringia. From 1779 to 1786 he was apprenticed to his uncle, August Grenser, a Dresden instrument maker, and after his apprenticeship he continued to work in August's shop, taking it over...

 in Dresden

Dresden

Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....

. His Grenser clarinet was an advanced design for the time, with eleven keys. (A picture of Crusell's Grenser clarinet can be found here.) Later, in 1822, he again went to Dresden and purchased additional clarinets from the Grenser shop's successor, Grenser & Wiesner, and from another maker by the name of Bormann. The Stockholm Music Museum possesses five clarinets made by Grenser & Wiesner in 1822 or later, four with eleven, and one with ten keys.

During his career Crusell became increasingly well known as a clarinet soloist, not only in Sweden but also in Germany, and even in England. He played compositions by Beethoven, Jadin

Louis-Emmanuel Jadin

Louis-Emmanuel Jadin was a French composer, pianist and harpsichordist.Jadin was born in Versailles. He learned piano from his brother Hyacinthe Jadin and later worked at the Théâtre de Monsieur. His first opera was staged in Versailles in 1788. The following year he took the position of second...

, Krommer

Franz Krommer

Franz Krommer was a Czech composer of classical music, whose seventy-year life began the year of the death of George Frideric Handel and ended a few years after that of Ludwig van Beethoven.-Life:The main events of his life were somewhat as follows:* From 1773 to 1776,...

, Lebrun

Ludwig August Lebrun

Ludwig August Lebrun was a German oboist and composer.-Life:Lebrun was born in Mannheim. The well-known and celebrated oboe virtuoso played with the orchestra at the court of the Prince-Elector Carl Theodor in Mannheim...

, Mozart, and Peter Winter

Peter Winter

Peter Winter was a German opera composer who followed Mozart and preceded Weber, acting as a bridge between the two in the development of German opera....

, among others. Of more than 50 known concert reviews (most of which appeared in the German Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung), not even one had any negative comment. Carl Abraham Mankell (1802–1868), music critic of Svenska Tidningen (Swedish News), admired Crusell's playing for the roundness of his tone and its evenness in quality throughout the range of the instrument. Crusell was also greatly admired for his pianissimo

Dynamics (music)

In music, dynamics normally refers to the volume of a sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece, either stylistic or functional . The term is also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics...

 playing. "It is indicative of his reputation that he was for many years the best-paid musician in the court orchestra."

Career as a composer

Between 1791 and 1799 Crusell studied music theory and composition with Abbé Vogler and another German teacher, Daniel Böritz, when Böritz was resident in Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...

. In 1803 while in Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

 Crusell studied composition at the Conservatoire with Gossec

François Joseph Gossec

François-Joseph Gossec was a French composer of operas, string quartets, symphonies, and choral works.-Life and work:...

 and Berton

Henri Montan Berton

Henri Montan Berton was a French composer, teacher, and writer, and the son of Pierre Montan Berton.-Career:...

. He composed pieces, including concerto

Concerto

A concerto is a musical work usually composed in three parts or movements, in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra.The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words...

s and chamber

Chamber music

Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part...

 works, not only for his own use, but also for other wind

Wind instrument

A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator , in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into a mouthpiece set at the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of...

 players in the court orchestra. In 1811 he travelled to Leipzig

Leipzig

Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

 where he established a relationship with the music publisher Bureau de Musique, which became part of C. F. Peters in 1814.

From 1818 to 1837 during the summers he conducted military band

Military band

A military band originally was a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the armed forces. A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments. The conductor of a band commonly bears the title of Bandmaster or Director of Music...

s in Linköping

Linköping

Linköping is a city in southern middle Sweden, with 104 232 inhabitants in 2010. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality with 146 736 inhabitants and the capital of Östergötland County...

, providing them with arrangements of marches and overtures by Rossini, Spohr

Louis Spohr

Louis Spohr was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Born Ludewig Spohr, he is usually known by the French form of his name. Described by Dorothy Mayer as "The Forgotten Master", Spohr was once as famous as Beethoven. As a violinist, his virtuoso playing was admired by Queen Victoria...

, and Weber

Carl Maria von Weber

Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school....

 and composing pieces for male choir. In 1822 he published three volumes of songs to texts by the Swedish poet Tegnér

Esaias Tegnér

Esaias Tegnér , was a Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop. He was during the 19th century regarded as the father of modern poetry in Sweden, mainly through the national romantic epos Frithjof's Saga. He has been called Sweden's first modern man...

 and others, and in 1826 another volume, Frithiofs saga, with ten songs to texts by Tegnér. An opera

Opera

Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...

, Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl), was first performed in Stockholm in 1824 and was repeated 34 times in the following 14 years.

Other accomplishments and awards

Crusell was a skillful linguist

Linguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....

, translating the important Italian, French, and German opera

Opera

Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...

s for performances in Sweden. His translation of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, first performed in 1821, resulted in his induction into the Geatish Society

Geatish Society

The Geatish Society, or Gothic League was created by a number of Swedish poets and authors in 1811, as a social club for literary studies among academics in Sweden with a view to raising the moral tone of society through contemplating Scandinavian antiquity...

, an association of literary academics in Sweden. In 1837 he was awarded a Gold Medal by the Swedish Academy

Swedish Academy

The Swedish Academy , founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.-History:The Swedish Academy was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III. Modelled after the Académie française, it has 18 members. The motto of the Academy is "Talent and Taste"...

 and was inducted into the Order of Vasa

Order of Vasa

The Royal Order of Vasa was a Swedish Royal order of chivalry, awarded to citizens of Sweden for service to state and society especially in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. It was instituted on 29 May 1772 by King Gustav III of Sweden...

, for service to the state and society. The National Library of Sweden holds two manuscript autobiographies.

Crusell Music Festival

Since 1982 a Crusell Week has been held each summer in Uusikaupunki, Finland

Uusikaupunki

Uusikaupunki , is a town and municipality of Finland.It is located in the Finland Proper region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is inland water. The population density is .The municipality is unilingually Finnish...

 (Bernhard Crusell's place of birth). The festival is dedicated to music for woodwind instrument

Woodwind instrument

A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument which produces sound when the player blows air against a sharp edge or through a reed, causing the air within its resonator to vibrate...

s. Crusell Week’s Artistic Director is Jussi Särkkä.

List of musical works

Dates of composition and first publication and other information are from Asiado, Dahlström, and WorldCat

WorldCat

WorldCat is a union catalog which itemizes the collections of 72,000 libraries in 170 countries and territories which participate in the Online Computer Library Center global cooperative...

 (OCLC), unless otherwise noted.

Soloist with orchestra

• Clarinet Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 1
  • Completed in 1808? or 1810; published Leipzig, Musique de Bureau, 1811 or 1812.
  • Duration: ca. 22 minutes.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition by Fabian Dahlström with assistance of Margareta Rörby. Stockholm: Edition Reimers, 1995, facsimile score (xxi, 158 pages; includes prefatory notes in English and Swedish and "Critical commentary", pp. 153–158) .
    • Edition for clarinet and piano by Brent Coppenbarger. Wiesbaden [etc.]: Breitkopf & Härtel, 2000 (copyright 1990, Monteux: Musica Rara), score (45 pages) and part .
    • Edition for clarinet and piano by Pamela Weston. Vienna: Universal, 1990, score (30 pages) and part (11 pages) ; reprint 2004, ISBN 9783702415587, .
• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 5 ("Grand")
  • First performed 1815; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, ca. 1818.
  • Other publications:
    • Reduction for clarinet and piano, with cadenza, by Jost Michaels. Hamburg: Sikorski, ca.1962, plate H.S.549, cat. no. 549, score (35 pages) and part .
    • Edition for clarinet and piano by Pamela Weston. Vienna: Universal Edition, 1991, score (29 pages) and part (11 pages) .
• Clarinet Concerto No. 3 in B-flat major, Op. 11
  • Composed ca. 1807?, later revised and published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1828 or 1829.
  • Duration: ca. 25 minutes.
  • Other publications:
    • Edited by Mayer. New York: Edition Peters, Full score; String parts (3.3.2.2.1); Wind parts (1.2.0.2–2.2.0.0—Timp).
    • Edition for clarinet and piano by Bieger/ Foerster. New York: Edition Peters, GM 1129.
    • Edition for clarinet and piano by Pamela Weston. Vienna: Universal, 1988, cat. no. 18267, score (36 pages) and part (12 pages) .
• Sinfonia concertante in B-flat major, for clarinet, horn, bassoon and orchestra, Op. 3
  • Sections: 1. Allegro; 2. Andante sostenuto; 3. Allegro ma non tanto.
  • First performed 1804; revised and published Leipzig, 1830.
  • Other publications:
    • Amsterdam: KW-Verlag, 1961, score (68 pages) and 22 parts .
    • Piano reduction. Amsterdam: KaWe, 1981; plate KW50a, score (18 pages); plate K.51W, 3 solo parts ; reprint 1985 .
• Concertino in B-flat major, for bassoon and orchestra
  • Completed and published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1829.
  • Other publications:
    • Arrangement for bassoon and piano by Harri Ahmas. Helsinki: Musiikki Fazer Musik, 1984, FM 06658-9, score (33 pages) and part (8 pages) ; reprint [Helsinki?]: Warner/Chappell Music Finland, 1995, ISBN 9789517574853, .
• Introduction et Air suedois, for clarinet and orchestra, Op. 12
  • Alternate title: Introduction and Variations for Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 12
  • Based on a popular song "Supvisa" by Olof Åhlström
  • First performed in 1804 as Variationer på visan: Goda gosse, glaset töm (Variations on the song: "Dear boy, empty the glass")
  • Revised and published Leipzig, 1830.
  • Other publications:
    • Hamburg: Musikverlag Hans Sikorski, 1983, plate H.S. 1263 K, score (23 pages) and part (7 pages) .
    • Winterthur: Amadeus, 1992, score (15 pages) part (7 pages) ; reprint 2006 .
• Airs suedois for bassoon and orchestra (1814)
  • This work is often confused with Introduction et Air suedois for clarinet and orchestra above. It is an entirely different piece. Airs suedois for bassoon has remained relatively obscure because of the loss of the full score. It is nevertheless a fine and interesting work.
  • Orchestrated by Graham Sheen
    Graham Sheen
    Graham Sheen . Bassoonist, teacher, composer and arranger. He is presently principal bassoonist of both the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Academy of St Martin in the Fields . From 1979 he has been professor of bassoon at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he also teaches chamber ...
    
     [score available from the editor]. London: Park Publications, 1985, score (35 pages) and part (10 pages) .
  • Solo bassoon part and composer's piano reduction published by Emerson Edition, edited by Graham Sheen
    Graham Sheen
    Graham Sheen . Bassoonist, teacher, composer and arranger. He is presently principal bassoonist of both the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Academy of St Martin in the Fields . From 1979 he has been professor of bassoon at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he also teaches chamber ...
    
    
    • Recorded by Graham Sheen and Elizabeth Burley on SFZ Music CD "Goodbye, Mr Galliard" SFZM0109
    • Recorded by Knut Sonstevold and Stefan Lindgren on Daphne CD "Fagottissimo"
    • Also: [London]: British Double Reed Society, ca. 1993, score (21 pages) and part .

Chamber music

• Quartet in E-flat major for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 2
  • Composed 1807?; published Leipzig, Musique de Bureau,1811.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition Peters, cat. no. EKB 019.
    • After the edition by Bernhard Päuler. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2006, score (15 pages) and 4 parts .
    • Arrangement for 3 clarinets and bass clarinet by Béla Kovács. Leverkusen: Edition Darok, ca. 1996, score (20 pages) and 4 parts .
• Quartet in C minor for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 4
  • Composed 1804?; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1817.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition Peters, cat. no. EKB 039.
    • After the edition by Bernhard Päuler. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2006, score (16 pages) + 4 parts .
    • Manuscript edition by Lyle T. Barkhymer (Indiana University), 1975, score (pp. 53–91) and 4 parts .
• Quartet in D major for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 7
  • Composed 1821?; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823, cat. nos. 1723 and 1783B.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition Peters, cat. no. EKB 040.
    • Transcription for oboe in C major by Kurt Meier. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2002, score (16 pages) and 4 parts
• Quartet in D major for flute, violin, viola and cello, Op. 8
  • Arrangement of Op. 7
  • Composed 1821?; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823.
  • Other publications:
    • Helsinki: Suomalaisen Musiikin Tiedotuskeskus, 1991, score (25 pages) and 3 parts .
    • Edition by Kurt Meier. Winterthur: Amadeus/Bernhard Päuler, 2002, miniature score (16 pages) and 4 parts .
    • Arrangement ("Sonata") for flute and piano by Timo Hongisto. Espoo
      Espoo
      Espoo is the second largest city and municipality in Finland. The population of the city of Espoo is . It is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while enclosing Kauniainen....
      
      : Fazer Music, 1990, score (44 pages) and part .
• Three clarinet duets: No. 1 in F major, No. 2 in D minor (score), No. 3 in C major
  • Published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1821.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition Peters, cat. no. EP 7780.
    • Three progressive clarinet duets, London: Hinrichsen Edition, ©1960, score (3 volumes score and 3 parts) .
• Concert Trio (Potpourri) for clarinet, horn, and bassoon
  • Edition by Bernhard Päuler. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2005, score (8 pages) and 3 parts ; .
  • Arrangement by Stig Rybrant. Lidingö: Busch, 2007, score (12 pages) and parts .
• Divertimento in C major for oboe, two violins, viola and cello, Op. 9
  • Free score at IMSLP.
  • Dates: published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823, cat. no. 1728.
  • Other publications:
    • Edition by Bernhard Päuler. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2003, score (15 pages) and 5 parts .

Vocal works

• Sångstycken ("Songs")
  • Texts by Esaias Tegnér
    Esaias Tegnér
    Esaias Tegnér , was a Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop. He was during the 19th century regarded as the father of modern poetry in Sweden, mainly through the national romantic epos Frithjof's Saga. He has been called Sweden's first modern man...
    
     and others
  • Published Stockholm, 1822, 3 volumes. [vol 1 .
• Frithiofs saga (10 songs), for voice and piano
  • Texts by Esaias Tegnér
    Esaias Tegnér
    Esaias Tegnér , was a Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop. He was during the 19th century regarded as the father of modern poetry in Sweden, mainly through the national romantic epos Frithjof's Saga. He has been called Sweden's first modern man...
    
    
  • Published Stockholm, 1826; enlarged 1827.
  • Other publications:
    • Zwölf Gesänge aus der Frithiof's Saga (Twelve Songs from the Frithiof's Saga), translated from Swedish by Gottlieb Mohnike. Leipzig : C.F. Peters, [1827], score (28 pages) .
    • Tolf sånger ur Frithiofs saga, Stockholm: Elkan & Schildknecht, [186-?], score (35 pages) .
    • Lund
      Lund
      -Main sights:During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat of the archbishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches, but most of them were demolished as result of the Reformation in 1536. Several medieval buildings remain, including Lund...
      
      : Gleerup; Copenhagen
      Copenhagen
      Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
      
      : Lose & Olsen, no date, score (28 pages) .
• "From Ganges' beauteous strands" for voice, clarinet & piano
  • From incidental music to Den lilla slafvinnan (The little bondswoman).
  • Originally for soprano and chamber orchestra.
  • Published Ampleforth, Yorkshire: Emerson Edition, 1980, score (22 pages) and 2 parts .
• "Oi terve Pohjola!" for vocal quartet
  • Swedish title: "Hell dig, du höga Nord!" ("Hail, O Northland!")
  • Also arranged for chorus.
  • Probably Crusell's most famous composition in Finland.

Music for stage

• Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl), opera in 3 acts
  • Libretto by René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt
    René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt
    René Charles Guilbert de Pixerécourt was a French theatre director and playwright, active at the Théâtre de la Gaîté and best known for his modern melodramas such as The Dog of Montarges, the performance of which at Weimar roused the indignation of Goethe.-Life:He was born at Nancy into a Lorraine...
    
    ; translated by Ulrik Emanuel Mannerhjerta and G. Lagerbjelke.
  • First performed in Stockholm on 18 February 1824.
  • Excerpts published Stockholm,1824.
  • Held at Stockholm's Kungliga Teaterns Bibliotek.
  • Other publications:
    • Piano reduction by Ludwig Anton Edvard Passy. Stockholm: Westerberg, [ca. 1825], score (52 pages, "obl. fol.") .
    • Libretto, Stockholm, 1824 .
    • Motive from "Tusen och en natt". Helsingfors, 1909, score (4 pages) .

Cited sources

• Asiado, Tel (2004). "Bernhard Henrik Crusell (1775-1838). Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator." at Mozart Forum.
• Hillila, Ruth-Esther and Barbara Blanchard Hong (1997). Historical dictionary of the music and musicians of Finland. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313277283.
• Rice, Albert R. (2003). The clarinet in the classical period. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195144833. .
• Sadie, Stanley, ed.; John Tyrell; exec. ed. (2001). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians
  Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
  The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, it is the largest single reference work on Western music. The dictionary has gone through several editions since the 19th century...
  
  , 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. ISBN 9781561592395 (hardcover). (eBook).
• Winter, Helmer (1925). Berndt Henric Crusellin 150-vuotismuisto [Berndt Henric Crusell's 150th (birthday) anniversary]. Uusikaupunki: the author. .

Other sources

• Dahlströhm, Fabian (1976). Bernhard Henrik Crusell: klarinettisten och hans större instrumentalverk. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. Language: Swedish. ISBN 9789519017211. .
• Kallio, Ilmari (1994). Bernhard Henrik Crusell (1775–1838). Uusikaupunki: Crusell-Society. Language: Finnish. .
• Spicknall, John Payne (1974). The solo clarinet works of Bernard Henrik Crusell (1775–1838). Thesis—University of Maryland. .
• Wilson, Sven (1977). Bernhard Crusell: tonsättare, klarinettvirtuos. Stockholm: Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien (Royal Swedish Academy of Music
  Royal Swedish Academy of Music
  The Royal Swedish Academy of Music or Kungl. Musikaliska Akademien, founded in 1771 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden...
  
  ). Language: Swedish. ISBN 9789185428076. . Note: Includes extracts from Crusell's diaries of journeys abroad in 1803, 1811 and 1822. .

External links

• Biography at Mozart-Forum.
• Biography at the Finnish Crusell Society website.
• Naxos recording of the clarinet concertos with Karl Leister
  Karl Leister
  Karl Leister is a classical clarinet player from Wilhelmshaven, Germany. At a very young age, he learned to play the clarinet from his father, also a clarinetist, and later studied at the Hochschule fur Musik in Berlin...
  
  .
• Crusell Music Festival - Uusikaupunki.