Bionic architecture is a movement for the design and construction of expressive buildings whose layout and lines borrow from natural (i.e. biological) forms. The movement began to mature in the early 21st century, and thus in early designs research was stressed over practicality. Bionic architecture sets itself in opposition to traditional rectangular layouts and design schemes by using curved forms and surfaces reminiscent of structures in biology and fractal mathematics

Fractal

A fractal has been defined as "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole," a property called self-similarity...

. One of the tasks set themselves by the movement's early pioneers was the development of aesthetic and economic justifications for their approach to architecture.

Architects of Bionic architecture

• Greg Lynn
  Greg Lynn
  Greg Lynn is owner of the Greg Lynn FORM office, an o. Univ. Professor of architecture at University of Applied Arts Vienna, a studio professor at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture, and the Davenport Visiting Professor at the Yale School of Architecture. He was the winner of the Golden...
  
  
• Bates Smart
  Bates Smart
  Bates Smart is Australia's second oldest architectural firm, established in 1853 by Joseph Reed as the practice Reed and Barnes. JPE Design Studio in Adelaide founded in 1851 by Daniel Garlick is the oldest continuing architectural practice in Australia....
  
  
• Nicholas Grimshaw
  Nicholas Grimshaw
  Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, CBE is a prominent English architect, particularly noted for several modernist buildings, including London's Waterloo International railway station and the Eden Project in Cornwall...
  
  
• Santiago Calatrava
  Santiago Calatrava
  Santiago Calatrava Valls is a Spanish architect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zürich, Switzerland. Classed now among the elite designers of the world, he has offices in Zürich, Paris, Valencia, and New York City....
  
  
• Norman Foster
  Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank
  Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM is a British architect whose company maintains an international design practice, Foster + Partners....
  
  
• Ken Yeang
  Ken Yeang
  Dr. Ken Yeang [Chinese]: 杨经文/楊經文; [pinyin]: Yáng Jīngwén; born 1948) is a prolific Malaysian architect and writer best known for advancing green design and planning, differentiated from other green architects by his comprehensive ecological approach....
  
  
• Daniel Libeskind
  Daniel Libeskind
  Daniel Libeskind, is an American architect, artist, and set designer of Polish-Jewish descent. Libeskind founded Studio Daniel Libeskind in 1989 with his wife, Nina, and is its principal design architect...
  
  
• Jan Kaplický
  Jan Kaplický
  Jan Kaplický was a world-renowned Czech architect who spent a significant part of his life in the United Kingdom. He was the leading architect behind the innovative design office, Future Systems. He was best known for the futuristic Selfridges Building in Birmingham, England, and the Media Centre...
  
  

External links

• Borovoye-Biocity - megaproject
  Megaproject
  A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project. Megaprojects are typically defined as costing more than US$1 billion and attracting a lot of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets. Megaprojects can also be defined as "initiatives that...
  
   for Kazakhstan, nmaxu Architects, 2008
• Bionic Tower — E.C.E. Architectures project
• Bionic architecture — Y.S. Lebedev — M.: Stroiizdat, 1990. — 269 p.
• BioCity — architectural project of Bionic city — S. Rastorguev
  Simon Rastorguev
  Simon Rastorguev – Russian architectWas born in 1981 in the city of Yaroslavl. He graduated from Yaroslavl State Technical University in 2004...
  
  , M. Kudryashov, 2002
• http://www.bionicarchitects.com- bionic arcchitecture, Bogotá bioclimatic analysis, 2009