Bolognese School (painting)
Encyclopedia
The Bolognese School or the School of Bologna of painting
flourished in Bologna
, the capital of Emilia Romagna, between the 16th and 17th centuries in Italy
, and rivalled Florence
and Rome
as the center of painting. Its most important representatives include the Carracci family, including Ludovico
and his two cousins, the brothers Agostino
and Annibale
. Later it included other prominent Baroque
painters: Domenichino and Lanfranco
, active mostly in Rome
as would be Guercino and Guido Reni
. Accademia degli Incamminati
in Bologna run by Lodovico Carracci.Certain artistic conventions, which over time became traditionalist, had been developed in Rome during the first decades of the 16th century. As time progressed, some artists sought new approaches to their work that no longer reflected only the Roman manner. The Carracci studio sought innovation or invention, that is, new ways to break away from those traditional modes of painting while in respects continuing to look for inspiration from their literary contemporaries, a style that was distinguished from the recognized manners of art in their time. The style was seen as systematic and imitative in that it borrowed particular motifs from the past Roman schools of art, yet innovative in taking its modernistic approach.
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
flourished in Bologna
Bologna
Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
, the capital of Emilia Romagna, between the 16th and 17th centuries in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, and rivalled Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
and Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
as the center of painting. Its most important representatives include the Carracci family, including Ludovico
Ludovico Carracci
Ludovico Carracci was an Italian, early-Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna....
and his two cousins, the brothers Agostino
Agostino Carracci
Agostino Carracci was an Italian painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous Annibale and cousin of Lodovico Carracci....
and Annibale
Annibale Carracci
Annibale Carracci was an Italian Baroque painter.-Early career:Annibale Carracci was born in Bologna, and in all likelihood first apprenticed within his family...
. Later it included other prominent Baroque
Baroque
The Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
painters: Domenichino and Lanfranco
Giovanni Lanfranco
Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.-Biography:Giovanni Gaspare Lanfranco was born in Parma, the third son of Stefano and Cornelia Lanfranchi, and was placed as a page in the household of Count Orazio Scotti...
, active mostly in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
as would be Guercino and Guido Reni
Guido Reni
Guido Reni was an Italian painter of high-Baroque style.-Biography:Born in Bologna into a family of musicians, Guido Reni was the son of Daniele Reni and Ginevra de’ Pozzi. As a child of nine, he was apprenticed under the Bolognese studio of Denis Calvaert. Soon after, he was joined in that...
. Accademia degli Incamminati
Accademia degli Incamminati
The Accademia degli Incamminati was one of the first art academies in Italy. It was originally created around 1580 in Bologna as the Accademia dei Desiderosi and was sometimes known as the Accademia dei Carracci after its founders the Carracci cousins , with Annibale heading the institution thanks...
in Bologna run by Lodovico Carracci.Certain artistic conventions, which over time became traditionalist, had been developed in Rome during the first decades of the 16th century. As time progressed, some artists sought new approaches to their work that no longer reflected only the Roman manner. The Carracci studio sought innovation or invention, that is, new ways to break away from those traditional modes of painting while in respects continuing to look for inspiration from their literary contemporaries, a style that was distinguished from the recognized manners of art in their time. The style was seen as systematic and imitative in that it borrowed particular motifs from the past Roman schools of art, yet innovative in taking its modernistic approach.
Period of Activity: 1501–1600
- Amico AspertiniAmico AspertiniAmico Aspertini is an Italian Renaissance painter whose complex, eccentric, and eclectic style anticipates Mannerism. He is considered among the first of the Bolognese School of painting.-Biography:...
(1474-1552) - Girolamo da TrevisoGirolamo da TrevisoGirolamo da Treviso , also known as Girolamo di Tommaso da Treviso the Younger and Girolamo Trevigi, was an Italian Renaissance painter. Born in Treviso, he might have been a pupil of Pier Maria Pennacchi...
(1497-1544) - Pier Maria PennacchiPier Maria PennacchiPier Maria Pennacchi was an Italian Renaissance painter primarily active in Treviso. His one documented work is a fresco of Christ for a chapel in the Treviso cathedral...
(1464 - before 1516) - Girolamo da CarpiGirolamo da CarpiGirolamo Da Carpi was an Italian painter and decorator who worked at the Court of the House of Este in Ferrara. He began painting in Ferrara, by report apprenticing to Benvenuto Tisi ; but by age 20, he had moved to Bologna, and is considered a figure of Early Renaissance painting of the local...
- Denys Calvaert
- Pietro FacciniPietro FacciniPietro Faccini , was an Italian painter, active near his birthplace of Bologna in styles bridging Mannerism and the nascent Baroque....
(1552-1614) - Prospero FontanaProspero FontanaProspero Fontana was an Italian painter of the late Renaissance.-Biography:Fontana was born in Bologna, and became a pupil of Innocenzo da Imola. He afterwards worked for Perin del Vaga in the Palazzo Doria in Genoa. Towards 1550, it is reported that Michelangelo introduced him to Pope Julius III...
(1512-1597) - Lavinia FontanaLavinia FontanaLavinia Fontana was an Italian painter.-Biography:Lavinia Fontana was born in Bologna, the daughter of the painter Prospero Fontana, who was a prominent painter of the School of Bologna at the time and served as her teacher...
(1552-1614) - Giovanni Francesco Bezzi (NosadellaNosadellaNosadella was an Italian painter and draftsman, active during the Mannerist period, mainly in Bologna. He appears to have travelled to Rome.His full name was Giovanni Francesco Bezzi. He was a pupil of Pellegrino Tibaldi...
) (1530-1571) - Bartolomeo Passerotti (1529-1592)
- Bartolomeo CesiBartolomeo CesiBartolomeo Cesi was a painter of the Baroque era of the Bolognese School.Born to a wealthy family of Bologna, he studied under Giovanni Francesco Bezzo . In Bologna, he contributed works to the Duomo, Santo Stefano and the Basilica of San Domenico. He collaborated with Ludovico Carracci and...
(1556-1629) - Annibale CarracciAnnibale CarracciAnnibale Carracci was an Italian Baroque painter.-Early career:Annibale Carracci was born in Bologna, and in all likelihood first apprenticed within his family...
(1560-1609) - Ludovico CarracciLudovico CarracciLudovico Carracci was an Italian, early-Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna....
(1555-1619) - Agostino CarracciAgostino CarracciAgostino Carracci was an Italian painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous Annibale and cousin of Lodovico Carracci....
(1557-1602) - Carlo BononiCarlo BononiCarlo Bononi was an Italian painter.Born and active mainly in Emilia and Ferrara, and considered to be mainly a painter of the School of Ferrara. He studied painting under Giuseppe Mazzuoli, known as il Bastarolo. Knew Guercino and was eulogized by Guido Reni as having a "bounty of a most honest...
(1569- c.1632) - Sisto BadalocchioSisto BadalocchioSisto Badalocchio Rosa was an Italian painter and engraver of the Bolognese School.Born in Parma, he worked first under Agostino Carracci in Bologna, then Annibale Carracci, in Rome. He worked with Annibale till 1609, then moving back to Parma...
(1581-c.1647) - Camillo ProcacciniCamillo Procaccinithumb|300px|Nativity by Camillo ProcacciniCamillo Procaccini was an Italian painter. He has been posthumously referred to as the Vasari of Lombardy, for his prolific Mannerist fresco decoration....
1601–1650
- Angelo Michele Toni
- Benedetto GennariBenedetto GennariBenedetto Gennari was an Italian painter of the early-Baroque period, active mainly in Ferrara and Cento.His birthplace is poorly recorded: it is known he entered the studio of his brother-in-law Guercino in Bologna at the age of 16. He adopted a style influenced by Caravaggio, and by age 19, was...
- Guido ReniGuido ReniGuido Reni was an Italian painter of high-Baroque style.-Biography:Born in Bologna into a family of musicians, Guido Reni was the son of Daniele Reni and Ginevra de’ Pozzi. As a child of nine, he was apprenticed under the Bolognese studio of Denis Calvaert. Soon after, he was joined in that...
(1575-1642) - Domenichino (1581-1641)
- Francesco AlbaniFrancesco AlbaniFrancesco Albani or Albano was an Italian Baroque painter.-Early years in Bologna:Born 1578 in Bologna, his father was a silk merchant who intended to instruct his son in the same trade; but by age twelve, Albani became an apprentice under the competent mannerist painter Denis Calvaert, where he...
(1578-1660) - Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (Guercino) (1591-1666)
- Lionello Spada
- Lucio MassariLucio MassariLucio Massari was an Italian painter of the School of Bologna. He can be described as painting during both Mannerist and early-Baroque periods....
- Francesco BrizioFrancesco BrizioFrancesco Brizio was an Italian painter and engraver of the Bolognese School, active in the early-Baroque.He was also known as Nosadella and was born in Bologna. He was initially a pupil of Bartolommeo Passarotti, but then became a pupil under Agostino and Ludovico Carracci...
- Giacomo CavedoneGiacomo CavedoneGiacomo Cavedone , was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School.He belonged to the generation of Carracci-inspired or trained painters that included Giovanni Andrea Donducci ; Alessandro Tiarini, Lucio Massari, Leonello Spada and Lorenzo Garbieri...
- Bartolomeo SchedoniBartolomeo SchedoniBartolomeo Schedoni was an Italian early Baroque painter from Reggio Emilia.-Biography:He was born in Modena, but moved to Parma with his father. Soon he was sent to be apprenticed under Federico Zuccari in Rome after 1598, with the sponsorship of Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma. He soon...
- Francesco GessiFrancesco GessiFrancesco Gessi was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna.Born to a noble family, but his father noticed his attraction to the arts and placed him in the apprenticeship with Denys Calvaert. This did not last, since he apparently disturbed the other pupils. He was more...
(1558-1649) - Simone CantariniSimone CantariniSimone Cantarini , also known as Simone da Pesaro, was an Italian painter and etcher of the Bolognese School of painting.Cantarini was born in Oropezza near Pesaro, then part of the Papal States....
(Il Pesarese) (1612-1648) - Carlo CignaniCarlo CignaniCarlo Cignani was an Italian painter of the Bolognese and of the Forlivese school, active in the Baroque period....
(1628-1719) - Giovanni Antonio BurriniGiovanni Antonio BurriniGiovanni Antonio Burrini was a Bolognese painter of Late-Baroque or Rococo style. After an apprenticeship with Domenico Maria Canuti, he went to work under Lorenzo Pasinelli with fellow student, Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. He became an early friend and often close collaborator with Giuseppe Maria...
- Giovanni Gioseffo dal SoleGiovanni Gioseffo dal SoleGiovanni Gioseffo dal Sole was an Italian painter and engraver from Bologna, active in the late-Baroque period....
- Lorenzo PasinelliLorenzo PasinelliLorenzo Pasinelli was an Italian painter from Bologna of the Baroque period, who trained in the studio of Simone Cantarini....
(1629-1772) - Elisabetta SiraniElisabetta SiraniElisabetta Sirani was an Italian Baroque painter whose father was the painter Giovanni Andrea Sirani of the School of Bologna-Biography:...
(1638-1665) - Marcantonio FranceschiniMarcantonio FranceschiniMarcantonio Franceschini , was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mostly in his native Bologna. He was the father and teacher of Giacomo Franceschini.-Biography :...
- Guido CagnacciGuido CagnacciGuido Cagnacci was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, belonging to the Forlì painting school and to the Bolognese School....
(1601-1663) - Giuseppe MazzaGiuseppe MazzaGiuseppe Mazza was an Italian sculptor of the Rococo period. He was active in Bologna, as well as Ferrara, Modena, Pesaro, and Venice. His masterpiece is a series of monumental reliefs for the Capella di San Domenico in the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice Giuseppe Mazza (1653–1741)...
(sculptor, 1653-1741) - Lorenzo GarbieriLorenzo GarbieriLorenzo Garbieri was an Italian painter of the early-Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna. He was one of the painters in the studio of Ludovico Carracci and is sometimes called il nipote dei Carracci. He painted the Plague of Milan in the chapel of San Carlo at the church of the Barnabites. He...
(1580-1654) - Domenico Maria CanutiDomenico Maria CanutiDomenico Maria Canuti was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna and Rome.Born in Bologna, Canuti first trained in that city under Guido Reni, then with Guercino. He painted many ceiling and wall frescoes...
(1620-1660) - Angelo Michele ColonnaAngelo Michele ColonnaAngelo Michele Colonna was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Bologna, northern and central Italy and Spain. He is sometimes referred to as Michelangelo Colonna.-Biography:...
(1604-1687) - Agostino MitelliAgostino MitelliAgostino Mitelli was an Italian painter of the Baroque period and best known as a fresco painter of quadratura or illusionistic perspectival architectural frameworks....
(1609-1660). - Enrico HaffnerEnrico HaffnerEnrico Haffner was an Italian painter of quadratura during the Baroque period, active mainly in Bologna in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
(1640-1702) - Giovannni Maria Bibiena
- Giovan Giacomo Monti
- Giovanni Battista ViolaGiovanni Battista ViolaGiovanni Battista Viola was an Italian painter of the early Baroque period in Rome.Giovanni was born in Bologna. His skills were initially noticed by Annibale Carracci. He collaborated with Domenichino in the Room of Appollo in Villa Aldobrandini in Frascati , where Viola painted the landscpapes...
- Alessandro TiariniAlessandro TiariniAlessandro Tiarini was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School.He was born in Bologna. His mother died when he was a child, and he was raised by an aunt, and early on they tried, unsuccessfully to guide him towards becoming a cleric...
- Giovanni Andrea Donducci (il Mastelletta)
See also
- Florentine SchoolFlorentine SchoolThe Florentine School refers to artists in, from or influenced by the naturalistic style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world...
- Lucchese SchoolLucchese SchoolThe Lucchese School, also known as the School of Lucca and as the Pisan-Lucchese School, was a school of painting and sculpture that flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries in western and southern Tuscany with an important center in Volterra. The art is mostly anonymous...
- School of FerraraSchool of Ferrara (painting)The School of Ferrara was a group of painters which flourished in the Duchy of Ferrara during the Renaissance. Ferrara was ruled by the Este family, well known for its patronage of the arts. Patronage was extended with the ascent of Ercole d'Este I in 1470, and the family continued in power till...
- Sienese SchoolSienese SchoolThe Sienese School of painting flourished in Siena, Italy between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art...