Unpowered

Unpowered bone cutting implements include varieties of hacksaw

Hacksaw

A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade under tension in a frame, used for cutting materials such as metal or plastics. Hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. A screw or other mechanism is used to put...

 and sabre saw

Sabre Saw

The sabre saw is a powered or unpowered hand-held reciprocating saw. The sabre saw consists of a reciprocating cutting implement, usually a toothed blade, to chiefly cut through wood and other various materials. its primary use is to slice material handily, rather than using the traditional...

. In many applications, the saw is used in specialised jig

Jig (tool)

In metalworking and woodworking, a jig is a type of tool used to control the location and/or motion of another tool. A jig's primary purpose is to provide repeatability, accuracy, and interchangeability in the manufacturing of products. A jig is often confused with a fixture; a fixture holds the...

s to provide accurate, measurable cuts, e.g. in knee surgery. Specialized saws such as the Gigli saw

Gigli saw

A Gigli saw is a flexible wire saw used by surgeons for bone cutting. A gigli saw is used mainly for amputation surgeries, where the bones have to be smoothly cut at the level of amputation....

, a cable made of sharp strands of wire, are also used in some procedures.

Reciprocating

Usually a powered rotary oscillation is applied to a specialised cutting implement to provide smooth controllable cuts into bone, for applications, from skull cutting to rib cutting. A sternal saw

Sternal saw

A sternal saw is a bone cutter used to perform median sternotomy, opening the patient's chest by splitting the breastbone, or sternum. It is a reciprocating blade saw that resembles a jigsaw in appearance.-External links:*...

is a reciprocating bone cutter.

Sonic, or sound cutting

Still experimental, but its primary focus is to use high frequency, high amplitude sound to remove material (in this case bone), providing the ability to cut.
Some tissue sonic cutters are being produced.