Bone morphogenetic protein 2
Encyclopedia
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of protein
s.
, TGF beta signaling pathway
, and in cytokine
-cytokine receptor interaction. It is involved also in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition
.
BMP-2 and BMP-7 are osteoinductive BMPs: they have been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast
differentiation
in a variety of cell types.
human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for orthopaedic usage in the United States
. Implantation of BMP-2 in a collagen
sponge induces new bone formation and can be used for the treatment of bony defects, delayed union, and non-union.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has also found its way into the field of Dentistry. Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry in particular have benefited dramatically from commercially available BMP-2.
The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease. As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.
with BMPR1A
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s.
Function
BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathwayHedgehog signaling pathway
In a growing embryo, cells develop differently in the head or tail end of the embryo, the left or right, and other positions. They also form segments which develop into different body parts. The hedgehog signaling pathway gives cells information that they need to make the embryo develop properly....
, TGF beta signaling pathway
TGF beta signaling pathway
The Transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular...
, and in cytokine
Cytokine receptor
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines.In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been...
-cytokine receptor interaction. It is involved also in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition or transformation is a hypothesized program of development of biological cells characterized by loss of cell adhesion, repression of E-cadherin expression, and increased cell mobility...
.
BMP-2 and BMP-7 are osteoinductive BMPs: they have been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast
Osteoblast
Osteoblasts are mononucleate cells that are responsible for bone formation; in essence, osteoblasts are specialized fibroblasts that in addition to fibroblastic products, express bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin.Osteoblasts produce a matrix of osteoid, which is composed mainly of Type I collagen...
differentiation
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of...
in a variety of cell types.
Medical uses
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the production of bone. RecombinantRecombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA sequences that result from the use of laboratory methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in biological organisms...
human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for orthopaedic usage in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Implantation of BMP-2 in a collagen
Collagen
Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content...
sponge induces new bone formation and can be used for the treatment of bony defects, delayed union, and non-union.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has also found its way into the field of Dentistry. Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry in particular have benefited dramatically from commercially available BMP-2.
The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease. As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.
Interactions
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with BMPR1A
BMPR1A
The bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA also known as BMPR1A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMPR1A gene. BMPR1A has also been designated as CD292 .- Function :...
.