Borgholzhausen
Encyclopedia
Borgholzhausen is a town in the district of Gütersloh
in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
, Germany
. It is located in the Teutoburg Forest
, approx. 20 km north-west of Bielefeld
.
Borgholzhausen is a sister city to New Haven, Missouri
in the Missouri Rhineland
of the United States
.
. The mountain range bisects the town's area roughly NW-SE, and is in turn bisected by the mountain pass
at which the town of Borgholzhausen was founded. The mountainous part of the Borgholzhausen area generally reaches heights of 200-300 meters ASL
, while the pass area and other lower-lying parts are at less than half that elevation.
The town centre is about one kilometer east of Mount Johannisegge and south of Mount Hankenüll. Thus, the northern parts of Borgholzhausen are located in the Ravensberg Hills, while the south is in the Münsterland. The bedrock
in the former part is a thick layer of mainly Cretaceous
sediments, while the latter has a less thick layer of generally Mesozoic
rocks covering the rump of a Paleozoic
mountain range.
The Borgholzhausen pass was an important route for crossing the Teutoburg Forest in Bronze Age
times. As early as 1,500 BC, there was extensive settlement in the pass area. Numerous urnfield cemeteries have been unearthed in and around the town.
Gütersloh (district)
Gütersloh is a Kreis in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Osnabrück, Herford, district-free Bielefeld, Lippe, Paderborn, Soest and Warendorf.-History:...
in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with four of the country's ten largest cities. The state was formed in 1946 as a merger of the northern Rhineland and Westphalia, both formerly part of Prussia. Its capital is Düsseldorf. The state is currently run by a coalition of the...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It is located in the Teutoburg Forest
Teutoburg Forest
The Teutoburg Forest is a range of low, forested mountains in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia which used to be believed to be the scene of a decisive battle in AD 9...
, approx. 20 km north-west of Bielefeld
Bielefeld
Bielefeld is an independent city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population of 323,000, it is also the most populous city in the Regierungsbezirk Detmold...
.
Borgholzhausen is a sister city to New Haven, Missouri
New Haven, Missouri
New Haven is a city in Franklin County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,867 at the 2000 census. The city was founded in 1856. It was originally called Miller's Landing after Philip Miller, an early settler....
in the Missouri Rhineland
Missouri Rhineland
The Missouri Rhineland is a geographical area of Missouri that extends from west of St. Louis to slightly east of Jefferson City, located mostly in the Missouri River Valley on both sides of the river...
of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Geography and early history
Borgholzhausen lies in the middle of a clearing in the Teutoburg Forest, on the northern edge of the Westphalian LowlandWestphalian Lowland
The Westphalian Lowland, also known as the Westphalian Basin is a flat landscape that mainly lies within the German region of Westphalia, although small areas also fall within North Rhine and in Lower Saxony...
. The mountain range bisects the town's area roughly NW-SE, and is in turn bisected by the mountain pass
Mountain pass
A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. If following the lowest possible route, a pass is locally the highest point on that route...
at which the town of Borgholzhausen was founded. The mountainous part of the Borgholzhausen area generally reaches heights of 200-300 meters ASL
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
, while the pass area and other lower-lying parts are at less than half that elevation.
The town centre is about one kilometer east of Mount Johannisegge and south of Mount Hankenüll. Thus, the northern parts of Borgholzhausen are located in the Ravensberg Hills, while the south is in the Münsterland. The bedrock
Bedrock
In stratigraphy, bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet, usually the Earth. Above the bedrock is usually an area of broken and weathered unconsolidated rock in the basal subsoil...
in the former part is a thick layer of mainly Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
sediments, while the latter has a less thick layer of generally Mesozoic
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic era is an interval of geological time from about 250 million years ago to about 65 million years ago. It is often referred to as the age of reptiles because reptiles, namely dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial and marine vertebrates of the time...
rocks covering the rump of a Paleozoic
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon, spanning from roughly...
mountain range.
The Borgholzhausen pass was an important route for crossing the Teutoburg Forest in Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
times. As early as 1,500 BC, there was extensive settlement in the pass area. Numerous urnfield cemeteries have been unearthed in and around the town.
Town divisions
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