Bouteillan
Encyclopedia
The Bouteillan is a cultivar
of olive
s grown primarily in Provence
. Originally from the town of Aups
in the Var département, it is today grown also in Australia
and the United States
. It is mostly used for the production of oil
. The Bouteillan is vulnerable to certain pests, but has a good resistance to cold.
in southern France. It is today grown primarily in the region of Var in Provence
. It can also be found in Egypt
, and as far away as Australia
and the United States
.
, and elliptic-lanceolate leaves
of medium length and width. The olives are of medium weight, and ovoid, slightly asymmetrical in shape. The stone is rounded at both ends, with a rough surface and a mucro.
Depending on the region, this cultivar is picked from the end of October until New Year
. When fully mature, the colour of the fruit is Burgundy
. The olive is clingstone the stone clings to the flesh.
. The yield depends to a large extent on the date of harvest, and goes from about 15% to as much as 25%. The taste of the oil, if the fruit is harvested early, is strong and herbal. With a later harvest the taste becomes more fruity, reminiscent of ripe pear
s.
The Bouteillan is self-fertile, but it can still benefit from the presence of certain other pollinator
s. Among the olive cultivars used for pollination are the Picholine
, Corniale and Grossane
.
It is vulnerable to certain biological pests, in particular the Bactrocera oleae
(Olive fruit fly), Prays oleae
and Saissetia oleae. It is also sensitive to soil salinity, but has a high resistance to cold.
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
of olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
s grown primarily in Provence
Provence
Provence ; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a region of south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur...
. Originally from the town of Aups
Aups
Aups is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.-Geography:...
in the Var département, it is today grown also in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. It is mostly used for the production of oil
Olive oil
Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
. The Bouteillan is vulnerable to certain pests, but has a good resistance to cold.
Extent
The Bouteillan is originally from the town of AupsAups
Aups is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.-Geography:...
in southern France. It is today grown primarily in the region of Var in Provence
Provence
Provence ; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a region of south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur...
. It can also be found in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, and as far away as Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Synonyms
The cultivar has several different local name varieties: Benesage, Redounan, Cayanne, Plant d'Aups and Plant de Salernes.Characteristics
It is a cultivar of medium-to-weak vigour, with a spreading growth formPlant life-form
Plant life-form schemes constitute a way of classifying plants alternatively to the ordinary species-genus-family scientific classification. In colloquial speech, plants may be classified as trees, shrubs, herbs , etc...
, and elliptic-lanceolate leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
of medium length and width. The olives are of medium weight, and ovoid, slightly asymmetrical in shape. The stone is rounded at both ends, with a rough surface and a mucro.
Depending on the region, this cultivar is picked from the end of October until New Year
New Year
The New Year is the day that marks the time of the beginning of a new calendar year, and is the day on which the year count of the specific calendar used is incremented. For many cultures, the event is celebrated in some manner....
. When fully mature, the colour of the fruit is Burgundy
Burgundy (color)
Burgundy is a shade of purplish red associated with the Burgundy wine of the same name, which in turn is named after the Burgundy region of France. The color burgundy is similar to other shades of dark red such as maroon...
. The olive is clingstone the stone clings to the flesh.
Processing
Descriptions of the Bouteillan vary between a dual-use cultivar and a pure oil cultivar. Though it can be eaten, it is in reality mainly used for extraction of oilOlive oil
Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
. The yield depends to a large extent on the date of harvest, and goes from about 15% to as much as 25%. The taste of the oil, if the fruit is harvested early, is strong and herbal. With a later harvest the taste becomes more fruity, reminiscent of ripe pear
Pear
The pear is any of several tree species of genus Pyrus and also the name of the pomaceous fruit of these trees. Several species of pear are valued by humans for their edible fruit, but the fruit of other species is small, hard, and astringent....
s.
Agronomy
It is considered a highly productive cultivar, and shows little tendency towards biennial bearing, (i.e. that a good yield is followed by a weaker one the next year) a common problem in many other olive cultivars. It requires light but frequent pruning and irrigation.The Bouteillan is self-fertile, but it can still benefit from the presence of certain other pollinator
Pollinator
A pollinator is the biotic agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain...
s. Among the olive cultivars used for pollination are the Picholine
Picholine
The Picholine is a French cultivar of olives. It is the most widely available cultivar in France. Though originally from Gard in southern France, it is today grown all over the world. The Picholine is best known as a cocktail olive, though it is also used to make olive oil.-Extent:The Picholine...
, Corniale and Grossane
Grossane
The Grossane is a cultivar of olives grown primarily in the Vallée des Baux and Bouches-du-Rhône regions of southern France. Though it can be used to produce oil, it is primarily used as a black table olive...
.
It is vulnerable to certain biological pests, in particular the Bactrocera oleae
Olive fruit fly
The olive fruit fly is a species of fruit fly which belongs to the Dacinae subfamily MUNRO, 1984. It is a kind of phytophagous species, whose larvae feed on the fruit of olive trees, hence the common name...
(Olive fruit fly), Prays oleae
Prays oleae
The Olive Moth is a moth of the Yponomeutidae family. It is found in Southern Europe and North Africa.The wingspan is 11-15 mm....
and Saissetia oleae. It is also sensitive to soil salinity, but has a high resistance to cold.