Bray Productions
Encyclopedia
Bray Productions was the dominant animation studio
based in the United States
in the years before World War I
.
, and series animation at that (he was probably beaten a few months earlier by Raoul Barré
's studio). Its first series was Bray's Heeza Liar, but from the beginning the studio brought in outsiders to direct promising new series. Carl Anderson, later known for the comic strip
Henry, directed The Police Dog from the beginning of the company. The year 1915
brought Earl Hurd
and Paul Terry
; the former became J. R. Bray's business partner and directed Bobby Bumps
, the latter was employed under duress and directed Farmer Al Falfa. The Fleischer brothers
joined in 1916
. In 1919
, the rival International Film Service
studio folded and owner William Randolph Hearst
licensed Bray to continue the IFS series, which included Jerry on the Job
films adapted from Walter Hoban
's comic strip. Many staff members of the former studio transferred to Bray, and most of the new cartoon
s were directed by the same man who directed them for IFS, Gregory La Cava
.
Bray's goal was to have four units working on four cartoons at any one time; since it took a month to complete a film, four units with staggered schedules produced one cartoon a week for use of the "screen magazines" (a one-reel collection of live-action didactic pieces and travelogs in addition to the cartoon, that was played before the feature). Bray started with Pathé
as his distributor, switched to Paramount
in 1916, and then switched to Goldwyn Pictures
in 1919. Of the units, one produced his Colonel Heeza Liar, one produced Hurd's Bobby Bumps, and one produced non-series cartoons, usually topical commentaries on the news directed by Leighton Budd, J. D. Leventhal, and others. The fourth unit was the one that kept changing hands. It produced Terry's Farmer Al Falfa in 1916, until Terry left year later and the Farmer when with him. It then produced Max Fleischer's Out of the Inkwell
until 1921, when he left and Koko clown when with Max. The influx of IFS series at the same time broke up the four-unit system—in 1920 there were ten series going simultaneously, with Heeza Liar in hiatus from 1917.
Bray was constantly looking to expand his studio. He financed the semi-independent studio of C. Allen Gilbert to create a series of serious Silhouette Fantasies on classical themes (he actually did some of the animation work for this series). In 1917
he bought out his distributor's screen magazine to produce one of his own, moving him into the realm of live-action shorts producer. During World War I, he assigned Leventhal and Max Fleischer's units to create training and educational cartoons for the U.S. Army. These did so well that after the war Bray was swamped with orders from the government and big business to make films for them. Over a period of years, Bray moved the focus of his company from entertainment to education, putting Leventhal and E. Dean Parmelee in charge of the technical department. Dr. Rowland Rogers became educational director, while Jamison "Jam" Handy was put in charge of a Chicago
–Detroit branch for creating films for the auto industry, Bray's largest private client.
The 1919
move from Paramount to Goldwyn also included a re-incorporation of the studio, now called Bray Pictures Corporation. The studio was putting out more than three reels of screen magazines, the educational and training films, and experimental films such as an unnamed sound-on-film
cartoon by Walt Lantz (co-producer/director) and Hugo Riesenfeld
(composer) in 1927 for Movietone
, inbetween the releases of Don Juan
and The Jazz Singer
and coincidentally shortly before Bray Pictures' demise. The Debut of Thomas Cat, the first cartoon made in color (although some claim the first animated short was made by Natural Colour Kinematograph Company, which was In Gollywog Land (1912, UK), a stop motion
film in Kinemacolor
who also contained live actionhttp://www.bcdb.com/cartoon_information/58594-In_Gollywog_Land.html)—Brewster Color, invented by Percy Brewster of Newark, New Jersey
—was released on February 8, 1920.
The expenses quickly outweighed the revenue, and in January 1920, Samuel Goldwyn
bought a controlling interest in Bray Pictures and ordered a massive reorganization. Max Fleischer and J. D. Leventhal's positions as executive producers of the entertainment and technical branches of the studio were greatly strengthened, and the company was streamlined to work more like Goldwyn Picture Corporation, with two cartoons released a week. The result was a massive exodus of talent, including Max Fleischer and even Earl Hurd. Goldwyn dropped Bray Pictures like a hot potato. In the wake of this disaster, first Vernon Stallings, then Lantz, were put in charge of Bray's entertainment cartoons, both acting as "co-producers". Stallings directed Krazy Kat
and the revival of Heeza Liar, while Lantz directed Dinky Doodle
. Among the big names who passed through the studio were Wallace Carlson
, Milt Gross
, Frank Moser, Burt Gillett, Grim Natwick
, Raoul Barré
, Pat Sullivan
, Jack King
, David Hand, Clyde Geronimi
and Shamus Culhane
.
J.R. Bray paid little attention to the animation side of things during the 1920s, focusing instead on beating Hal Roach
as the king of two-reel comedy, with the disastrous series "The McDougall Alley Kids". When this adventure failed, he slipped out of the business. The entertainment branch of Bray Pictures Corporation closed. The educational/commercial branch, Brayco, made mostly filmstrips from the 1920s until it closed in 1963. Jam Handy's offshoot company (The Jam Handy Organization) made several thousand industrial and sponsored films and tens of thousands of filmstrips, many for the automobile
industry, until it closed in 1983.
In evaluating the quality of the Bray product, there is a strong conflict between the cheap cost-cutting exemplified in the business practices of J. R. Bray contrasted with the equally-strong artistic sensibilities of the directors Bray hired, most of whom quit rather than bend to the pressure to cheapen their product. The success of Bray Productions, driven entirely on assembly-line methods, simultaneously guaranteed the survival of animated films in general and at the same time doomed them to near-extinction by the end of the silent film
era.
Animation studio
An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for production, employ operators for that equipment, and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced...
based in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in the years before World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
History
The studio was founded in December 1914 by J. R. Bray, perhaps the first studio entirely devoted to animationAnimation
Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. The effect is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in several ways...
, and series animation at that (he was probably beaten a few months earlier by Raoul Barré
Barré Studio
Barré Studio was, in all probability, the first film studio dedicated to animation . It was founded by Raoul Barré and William Nolan in 1914. They began with advertising films , then got a series with Edison called the Animated Grouch Chaser...
's studio). Its first series was Bray's Heeza Liar, but from the beginning the studio brought in outsiders to direct promising new series. Carl Anderson, later known for the comic strip
Comic strip
A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions....
Henry, directed The Police Dog from the beginning of the company. The year 1915
1915 in film
The year 1915 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* February 8 : D.W Griffith's The Birth of a Nation premieres at Clune's Auditorium Los Angeles and breaks box office and film length records, running at a total length of 3 hrs 10 minutes.* June 18 : The Motion Picture Directors...
brought Earl Hurd
Earl Hurd
Earl Hurd was a pioneering American animator and film director. He is noted for creating and producing the silent Bobby Bumps animated short subject series for early animation producer J.R. Bray's Bray Productions...
and Paul Terry
Paul Terry (cartoonist)
Paul Houlton Terry was an American cartoonist, screenwriter, film director and one of the most prolific film producers in history...
; the former became J. R. Bray's business partner and directed Bobby Bumps
Bobby Bumps
Bobby Bumps was the titular character of a series of silent animated short subjects produced by Bray Productions from 1915-25. Inspired by R. F. Outcault's Buster Brown, Bobby Bumps was a little boy who, accompanied by his dog Fido, regularly found himself in and out of mischief...
, the latter was employed under duress and directed Farmer Al Falfa. The Fleischer brothers
Max Fleischer
Max Fleischer was an American animator. He was a pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon and served as the head of Fleischer Studios...
joined in 1916
1916 in film
The year 1916 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* October 17 - release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, with the first nude scene by a major star....
. In 1919
1919 in film
The year 1919 in film involved some significant events.-Events:*February 5 - Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith launch United Artists...
, the rival International Film Service
International Film Service
International Film Service was an American animation studio created to exploit the popularity of the comic strips controlled by William Randolph Hearst.- History :...
studio folded and owner William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst was an American business magnate and leading newspaper publisher. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887, after taking control of The San Francisco Examiner from his father...
licensed Bray to continue the IFS series, which included Jerry on the Job
Jerry on the Job
Jerry on the Job was a popular comic strip by cartoonist Walter Hoban which was set in a railroad station. Syndicated by William Randolph Hearst's International Feature Service, it ran from 1913 into the 1930s....
films adapted from Walter Hoban
Walter Hoban
Walter C. Hoban was an American cartoonist best known for his comic strip Jerry on the Job.Born in Philadelphia, Hoban came from a newspaper family...
's comic strip. Many staff members of the former studio transferred to Bray, and most of the new cartoon
Cartoon
A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works...
s were directed by the same man who directed them for IFS, Gregory La Cava
Gregory La Cava
Gregory La Cava was an American film director best known for his films of the 1930s, including My Man Godfrey and Stage Door....
.
Bray's goal was to have four units working on four cartoons at any one time; since it took a month to complete a film, four units with staggered schedules produced one cartoon a week for use of the "screen magazines" (a one-reel collection of live-action didactic pieces and travelogs in addition to the cartoon, that was played before the feature). Bray started with Pathé
Pathé
Pathé or Pathé Frères is the name of various French businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France.-History:...
as his distributor, switched to Paramount
Paramount Pictures
Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film production and distribution company, located at 5555 Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. Founded in 1912 and currently owned by media conglomerate Viacom, it is America's oldest existing film studio; it is also the last major film studio still...
in 1916, and then switched to Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company founded in 1916 by Samuel Goldfish in partnership with Broadway producers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn using an amalgamation of both last names to create the name...
in 1919. Of the units, one produced his Colonel Heeza Liar, one produced Hurd's Bobby Bumps, and one produced non-series cartoons, usually topical commentaries on the news directed by Leighton Budd, J. D. Leventhal, and others. The fourth unit was the one that kept changing hands. It produced Terry's Farmer Al Falfa in 1916, until Terry left year later and the Farmer when with him. It then produced Max Fleischer's Out of the Inkwell
Out of the Inkwell
Out of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1918 to 1929.The series was the result of three short experimental films that Max Fleischer independently produced in the period of 1914-1916 to demonstrate his invention, the Rotoscope, which was a...
until 1921, when he left and Koko clown when with Max. The influx of IFS series at the same time broke up the four-unit system—in 1920 there were ten series going simultaneously, with Heeza Liar in hiatus from 1917.
Bray was constantly looking to expand his studio. He financed the semi-independent studio of C. Allen Gilbert to create a series of serious Silhouette Fantasies on classical themes (he actually did some of the animation work for this series). In 1917
1917 in film
The year 1917 in film involved some significant events.-Events:*Foundation of Universum Film AG , as a propaganda film company, in Berlin.*Technicolor System 1, a two-color process, is introduced...
he bought out his distributor's screen magazine to produce one of his own, moving him into the realm of live-action shorts producer. During World War I, he assigned Leventhal and Max Fleischer's units to create training and educational cartoons for the U.S. Army. These did so well that after the war Bray was swamped with orders from the government and big business to make films for them. Over a period of years, Bray moved the focus of his company from entertainment to education, putting Leventhal and E. Dean Parmelee in charge of the technical department. Dr. Rowland Rogers became educational director, while Jamison "Jam" Handy was put in charge of a Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
–Detroit branch for creating films for the auto industry, Bray's largest private client.
The 1919
1919 in film
The year 1919 in film involved some significant events.-Events:*February 5 - Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith launch United Artists...
move from Paramount to Goldwyn also included a re-incorporation of the studio, now called Bray Pictures Corporation. The studio was putting out more than three reels of screen magazines, the educational and training films, and experimental films such as an unnamed sound-on-film
Sound-on-film
Sound-on-film refers to a class of sound film processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film, usually, but not always, the same strip of film carrying the picture. Sound-on-film processes can either record an analog sound track or digital sound track,...
cartoon by Walt Lantz (co-producer/director) and Hugo Riesenfeld
Hugo Riesenfeld
Hugo Riesenfeld was a Jewish Austrian-American composer. As a film director, he began to write his own orchestral compositions for silent films in 1917, and co-created modern production techniques where film scoring serves an integral part of the action...
(composer) in 1927 for Movietone
Movietone
Movietone may refer to:*Movietone , a Bristol-based British music group*Movietone News, a company producing cinema newsreels from the 1920s onwards*Movietone Records, Movietone was a budget subsidiary of 20th Century Fox' record division...
, inbetween the releases of Don Juan
Don Juan (1926 film)
Don Juan is a Warner Brothers film, directed by Alan Crosland. It was the first feature-length film with synchronized Vitaphone sound effects and musical soundtrack, though it has no spoken dialogue...
and The Jazz Singer
The Jazz Singer
The Jazz Singer may refer to:* The Jazz Singer , a 1925 Broadway play* The Jazz Singer , a film version of the play, and the first feature-length motion picture with talking sequences...
and coincidentally shortly before Bray Pictures' demise. The Debut of Thomas Cat, the first cartoon made in color (although some claim the first animated short was made by Natural Colour Kinematograph Company, which was In Gollywog Land (1912, UK), a stop motion
Stop motion
Stop motion is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence...
film in Kinemacolor
Kinemacolor
Kinemacolor was the first successful color motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by George Albert Smith of Brighton, England in 1906. He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson. It was launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of...
who also contained live actionhttp://www.bcdb.com/cartoon_information/58594-In_Gollywog_Land.html)—Brewster Color, invented by Percy Brewster of Newark, New Jersey
Newark, New Jersey
Newark is the largest city in the American state of New Jersey, and the seat of Essex County. As of the 2010 United States Census, Newark had a population of 277,140, maintaining its status as the largest municipality in New Jersey. It is the 68th largest city in the U.S...
—was released on February 8, 1920.
The expenses quickly outweighed the revenue, and in January 1920, Samuel Goldwyn
Samuel Goldwyn
Samuel Goldwyn was an American film producer, and founding contributor executive of several motion picture studios.-Biography:...
bought a controlling interest in Bray Pictures and ordered a massive reorganization. Max Fleischer and J. D. Leventhal's positions as executive producers of the entertainment and technical branches of the studio were greatly strengthened, and the company was streamlined to work more like Goldwyn Picture Corporation, with two cartoons released a week. The result was a massive exodus of talent, including Max Fleischer and even Earl Hurd. Goldwyn dropped Bray Pictures like a hot potato. In the wake of this disaster, first Vernon Stallings, then Lantz, were put in charge of Bray's entertainment cartoons, both acting as "co-producers". Stallings directed Krazy Kat
Krazy Kat
Krazy Kat is an American comic strip created by cartoonist George Herriman, published daily in newspapers between 1913 and 1944. It first appeared in the New York Evening Journal, whose owner, William Randolph Hearst, was a major booster for the strip throughout its run...
and the revival of Heeza Liar, while Lantz directed Dinky Doodle
Dinky Doodle
Dinky Doodle was a cartoon character created by Walter Lantz for Bray Productions in 1924. Dinky was standard boy character, sporting a flat cap, a striped shirt, and dark shorts...
. Among the big names who passed through the studio were Wallace Carlson
Wallace Carlson
Wallace A. Carlson was a pioneering American animator and comic strip artist based in Chicago. Known to his friends as Wally Carlson, he usually signed his work as Wallace Carlson.-Biography:...
, Milt Gross
Milt Gross
Milt Gross , was an American comic strip and comic book writer, illustrator and animator. He wrote his comics in a Yiddish-inflected English. He originated the non-sequitur "Banana Oil!" as a phrase deflating pomposity and posing. His character Count Screwloose's admonition, "Iggy, keep an eye on...
, Frank Moser, Burt Gillett, Grim Natwick
Grim Natwick
Myron "Grim" Natwick was an American artist, animator and film director. Natwick is best known for drawing the Fleischer Studio's most popular character, Betty Boop.-Background:...
, Raoul Barré
Raoul Barré
Raoul Barré was a Canadian and American cartoonist, animator of the silent film era, and artist.Barré was born in Montreal, Quebec, the only artistic child of an importer of communion wine...
, Pat Sullivan
Pat Sullivan
Patrick Sullivan may refer to:* Pat Sullivan , Australian film producer and animator* Pat Sullivan , American football coach and former player...
, Jack King
Jack King (animator)
James Patton "Jack" King was an American comics artist and animator best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions.Born in Alabama, King began his animation career in the silent era in 1920 working at Bray Productions animation studio...
, David Hand, Clyde Geronimi
Clyde Geronimi
Clyde "Gerry" Geronimi was an Italian-American animation director. He is best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions....
and Shamus Culhane
Shamus Culhane
James "Shamus" Culhane was an American animator, film director, and film producer.Culhane worked for a number of American animation studios, including Fleischer Studios, the Ub Iwerks studio, Walt Disney Productions, and the Walter Lantz studio. He began his animation career in 1925 working for J.R...
.
J.R. Bray paid little attention to the animation side of things during the 1920s, focusing instead on beating Hal Roach
Hal Roach
Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach, Sr. was an American film and television producer and director, and from the 1910s to the 1990s.- Early life and career :Hal Roach was born in Elmira, New York...
as the king of two-reel comedy, with the disastrous series "The McDougall Alley Kids". When this adventure failed, he slipped out of the business. The entertainment branch of Bray Pictures Corporation closed. The educational/commercial branch, Brayco, made mostly filmstrips from the 1920s until it closed in 1963. Jam Handy's offshoot company (The Jam Handy Organization) made several thousand industrial and sponsored films and tens of thousands of filmstrips, many for the automobile
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
industry, until it closed in 1983.
In evaluating the quality of the Bray product, there is a strong conflict between the cheap cost-cutting exemplified in the business practices of J. R. Bray contrasted with the equally-strong artistic sensibilities of the directors Bray hired, most of whom quit rather than bend to the pressure to cheapen their product. The success of Bray Productions, driven entirely on assembly-line methods, simultaneously guaranteed the survival of animated films in general and at the same time doomed them to near-extinction by the end of the silent film
Silent film
A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. In silent films for entertainment the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, pantomime and title cards...
era.
Series produced by Bray Productions
- Colonel Heeza Liar (1913–1917, 1922–1924): directed by J. R. Bray 1913–1917; Vernon Stallings 1922–1924
- The Police Dog (1914–1916, 1918): directed by C. T. Anderson
- The Trick Kids (1916): director unknown
- Plastiques (1916): directed by Ashley Miller
- Bobby BumpsBobby BumpsBobby Bumps was the titular character of a series of silent animated short subjects produced by Bray Productions from 1915-25. Inspired by R. F. Outcault's Buster Brown, Bobby Bumps was a little boy who, accompanied by his dog Fido, regularly found himself in and out of mischief...
(1916–1922): directed by Earl Hurd - Farmer Al FalfaFarmer Al FalfaFarmer Al Falfa , the quintessential grizzly old farmer type, is an animated cartoon character created by American cartoonist Paul Terry. He first appeared in 1916 in a series of shorts produced by the John R. Bray Studios...
(1916–1917): directed by Paul Terry - Silhouette Fantasies (1916): directed by C. Allen Gilbert
- Miss Nanny Goat (1916–1917): directed by Clarence Rigby
- Out of the InkwellOut of the InkwellOut of the Inkwell was a major animated series of the silent era produced by Max Fleischer from 1918 to 1929.The series was the result of three short experimental films that Max Fleischer independently produced in the period of 1914-1916 to demonstrate his invention, the Rotoscope, which was a...
(1916, 1918–1919): directed by Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer - Quacky Doodles (1917): directed by F.M. Follett
- Picto Puzzles (1917): Sam Lloyd
- Otto Luck (1917): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
- Goodrich Dirt (1917–1919): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
- Hardrock Dome (1919): directed by Pat Sullivan
- Us Fellers (1919–1920): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
- Jerry on the JobJerry on the JobJerry on the Job was a popular comic strip by cartoonist Walter Hoban which was set in a railroad station. Syndicated by William Randolph Hearst's International Feature Service, it ran from 1913 into the 1930s....
(1919–1920): directed by Gregory La Cava, Vernon Stallings, (Inherited from International Film Service) - Lampoons (1920): directed by Burt Gillett
- Ginger SnapsGinger SnapsGinger Snaps is a 2000 Canadian werewolf film directed by John Fawcett. The film focuses on two teenage sisters, Ginger and Brigitte Fitzgerald , who have a fascination with death. The title is a pun on the cookie Gingersnap. "Snap" also relates to losing one's self-control, or a quick, aggressive...
(1920): directed by Milt Gross - Shenanigan Kids (1920): directed by Gregory La Cava, Burt Gillett, and Grim Natwick (Inherited from International Film Service)
- Krazy KatKrazy KatKrazy Kat is an American comic strip created by cartoonist George Herriman, published daily in newspapers between 1913 and 1944. It first appeared in the New York Evening Journal, whose owner, William Randolph Hearst, was a major booster for the strip throughout its run...
(1920–1921): directed by Vernon Stallings (Inherited from International Film Service) - Bud and Susie (1920–1921): directed by Frank Moser
- Happy HooliganHappy HooliganHappy Hooligan was a popular and influential early American comic strip by Frederick Burr Opper.Happy Hooligan, the first major comic strip by already celebrated cartoonist Opper, debuted with a Sunday strip on March 11, 1900 in the William Randolph Hearst newspapers, and was one of the first...
(1920–1921): directed by Gregory La Cava, Bill Nolan (Inherited from International Film Service) - Judge Rummy (1920–21): directed by Gregory La Cava (Inherited from International Film Service)
- Technical Romances (1922–1923): directed by J.A. Norling, Ashley Miller, and F. Lyle Goldman
- Ink Ravings (1922–1923): directed by Milt Gross
- Dinky DoodleDinky DoodleDinky Doodle was a cartoon character created by Walter Lantz for Bray Productions in 1924. Dinky was standard boy character, sporting a flat cap, a striped shirt, and dark shorts...
(1924–1926): directed by Walter Lantz - Un-Natural History (1925–1927): directed by Walter Lantz and Clyde Geronimi
- Hot Dog Cartoons (1926–1927): directed by Walter Lantz and Clyde Geronimi
- A McDougall Alley Comedy (1926–1928): directed by Joe Rock, Stan DeLay and Robert Wilcox
Staff
- Producer: J. R. Bray
- Directors: J. R. Bray, Earl Hurd (1915–1922), Max FleischerMax FleischerMax Fleischer was an American animator. He was a pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon and served as the head of Fleischer Studios...
(1916–1921), J. D. Leventhal (1916–1921), Vernon "George" Stallings (1919–1924), Jamison "Jam" Handy (1919–), Carl Anderson (1914–1918), L.M. GlackensLouis GlackensLouis M. Glackens American illustrator, animator and cartoonist, was the brother of Ashcan School painter and illustrator William Glackens.Louis M. Glackens was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania...
(1915–1919), Leighton Budd (1916–1919), Leslie Elton (1916–1919), Wallace A. Carlson (1917–1920), Milt Gross (1919–1920, 1922–1923), Frank Moser (1916, 1920–1921), Ashley Miller (1916, 1922–1923), Gregory La CavaGregory La CavaGregory La Cava was an American film director best known for his films of the 1930s, including My Man Godfrey and Stage Door....
(1919–1921), F. Lyle Goldman (1920, 1922–1923), W. C. Morris (1915–1916), Paul TerryPaul Terry (cartoonist)Paul Houlton Terry was an American cartoonist, screenwriter, film director and one of the most prolific film producers in history...
(1915–1916), Clarence Rigby (1916–1917), E. Dean Parmelee (1918–1919), Dave FleischerDave FleischerDavid "Dave" Fleischer was an American animator film director and film producer, best known as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios with his two older brothers Max Fleischer and Lou Fleischer...
(1920–1921), Jean Gic (1920–1921), Burt Gillett (1920–1921), Grim NatwickGrim NatwickMyron "Grim" Natwick was an American artist, animator and film director. Natwick is best known for drawing the Fleischer Studio's most popular character, Betty Boop.-Background:...
(1920–1921), Bill Nolan (1920–21), J. A. Norling (1922–1923), Walter LantzWalter LantzWalter Benjamin Lantz was an American cartoonist, animator, film producer, and director, best known for founding Walter Lantz Productions and creating Woody Woodpecker.-Early years and start in animation:...
(1924–1925), Vincent Colby (1915), Flohri (1915), C. Allen Gilbert (1916), H. C. Greening (1916), A. D. Reed (1916), Hugh M. Shields (1916), John C. Terry (1916), Charles Wilhelm (1916), F. M. Follett (1917), Sam Lloyd (1917), Santry (1918), Raoul Barré (1919), Pat SullivanPat Sullivan (film producer)Patrick Sullivan was an Australian cartoonist, pioneer animator and film producer, best known for producing the first Felix the Cat silent cartoons. Sullivan arrived in the United States around 1910, after spending several months in London...
(1919), Roland CrandallRoland CrandallRoland Dimon "Doc" Crandall was an American animator. He is best known for his work at Fleischer Studio, especially on the Betty Boop version of Snow White....
(1920) - Animators: all of the directors, plus Raoul Barré (1915), Johnny B. Gruelle (1917), Jack King (1920–1921), Isadore Klein (1920–1921), Leon A. Searl (1920–1921), Bert Green (1920–1921), Edward Grinham (1920–1921), Ben Sharpsteen (1920–1921), Will Powers (1920–1921), Walter Lantz (1920–1921), David Hand (1925–1927), Ving Fuller (1925–26), Frank Paiker (c. 1924)
- Inker/Cel Painter: James (Shamus) Culhane (1924–27)
- Screenwriters: H. E. Hancock (1920–1921), Louis De Lorme (1920–1921), Clyde GeronimiClyde GeronimiClyde "Gerry" Geronimi was an Italian-American animation director. He is best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions....
[also animator] (1924–26), Webb Smith
Distributors
- Pathé (1913–1916)
- Paramount (1916–1921)
- Thomas A. Edison, Inc. (1917)
- Goldwyn Pictures (1919–1921)
- W. W. HodkinsonW. W. HodkinsonWilliam Wadsworth Hodkinson , known more commonly as W. W. Hodkinson, was born in Independence, Kansas. Known as The Man Who Invented Hollywood, he opened one of the first movie theaters in Ogden, Utah in 1907 and within just a few years changed the way movies were produced, distributed, and...
(1922–1923) - Standard Cinema (1924–1925)
- Film Booking Office (1924–1926)