Bread Street
Encyclopedia
Bread Street is a ward
of the City of London
and is named from its principal street, which was anciently the bread market; for by the records it appears that in 1302, the bakers of London were ordered to sell no bread at their houses but in the open market. Bread Street is .09 miles long (0.15 kilometres) or 499.81 feet long (152.34 metres).
The modern ward extends greatly north and west from Bread Street itself and includes Paternoster Square
, a modern development to the north of St Paul's Cathedral
, home of the London Stock Exchange
and Goldman Sachs
. The City's only large, modern shopping centre — One New Change
— is located in the ward and was opened in October 2010.
; on the east by Cordwainers' ward
; on the south by Queenhithe
ward; and on the west by Castle Baynard
ward. Its street boundaries are Bread Street in the east, Newgate Street
& Cheapside
in the north, Warwick Lane/Ave Maria Lane
in the west, and Queen Victoria Street to the south.
St Paul's Cathedral is outside the ward boundaries, being in Castle Baynard ward, but the St Paul's Cathedral School
, situated between the cathedral and New Change, is in the ward.
(workers in fine leather) stood in the ward. They are commemorated by a blue plaque in the gardens of St Paul's Cathedral facing Cannon Street
. The fifth and last Hall was built in 1909-10 but on the night of 10 May 1941, the building was gutted during the Blitz
.
There were once two churches in the ward, All Hallows Bread Street
and St Mildred, Bread Street
, both to designs by Sir Christopher Wren
. Today their former parishes form a part of that of St Mary-le-Bow
. All Hallows was demolished in 1876 to make way for warehouses,, and St Mildred was destroyed by enemy action in April and May 1941.
s in the City of London
, each electing one Alderman
and a number of Common Councilmen (the City equivalent of a Councillor
) to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation. Only Freemen of the City of London are eligible to stand for office as Aldermen; to stand as a Common Councilman, a candidate must be a Freeman and also an elector, a resident, or an owner of freehold or leasehold land within the City. , the elected members for the ward of Bread Street are Alderman Sir Michael Savory, Deputy Dr Giles Shilson and Oliver Lodge TD
CC.
was the commander of the First Fleet
, and the founder and first Governor of Australia
. He was baptised in All Hallows Church, Bread Street in 1738; he entered the Royal Navy
in 1755, and died on the 31 August 1814. He is remembered on Australia Day
. A bust of Admiral Arthur Phillip can be found in the gardens at Watling Street.
and John Milton
.
Wards of the City of London
The City of London , in the United Kingdom, is constituted of 25 wards. The City is the historic core of the much wider metropolis of London, with an ancient and sui generis form of local government, which avoided the many reforms enacted to local government elsewhere in the country in the 19th and...
of the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
and is named from its principal street, which was anciently the bread market; for by the records it appears that in 1302, the bakers of London were ordered to sell no bread at their houses but in the open market. Bread Street is .09 miles long (0.15 kilometres) or 499.81 feet long (152.34 metres).
The modern ward extends greatly north and west from Bread Street itself and includes Paternoster Square
Paternoster Square
Paternoster Square is an urban development, owned by the Mitsubishi Estate Co., next to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London, England. In 1942 the area, which takes its name from Paternoster Row, centre of the London publishing trade, was devastated by aerial bombardment in The Blitz during...
, a modern development to the north of St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral and seat of the Bishop of London. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. St Paul's sits at the top of Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of London, and is the mother...
, home of the London Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
The London Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the City of London within the United Kingdom. , the Exchange had a market capitalisation of US$3.7495 trillion, making it the fourth-largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement...
and Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational bulge bracket investment banking and securities firm that engages in global investment banking, securities, investment management, and other financial services primarily with institutional clients...
. The City's only large, modern shopping centre — One New Change
One New Change
One New Change is a major office and retail development in the City of London , London, United Kingdom. It comprises a total of 560,000 sq feet of floor space, including of retail space and of office space and is currently the only large, modern shopping centre in the City...
— is located in the ward and was opened in October 2010.
Boundaries
As with most of the City's 25 wards, the boundaries of Bread Street were altered quite considerably in 2003, having remained almost unchanged for centuries. The ward is now bounded on the north and north-west by the ward of Farringdon WithinFarringdon Within
Farringdon Within is a ward in the City of London, England.The ward covers an area from Blackfriars, in the south, to Barbican station, in the north....
; on the east by Cordwainers' ward
Cordwainer (ward)
Cordwainer is a small ward in the City of London, England. It is named after the Cordwainers, the professional shoemakers who historically lived and worked in this particular area of London; there is a City livery company for the trade — the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers...
; on the south by Queenhithe
Queenhithe
Queenhithe is a small ward of the City of London, situated on the River Thames and to the south of St Paul's Cathedral. The Millennium Bridge crosses into the City at Queenhithe....
ward; and on the west by Castle Baynard
Castle Baynard
Castle Baynard is one of the 25 wards of the City of London, the historic core of the English capital. It covers an irregular shaped area, somewhat akin to a tuning fork bounded on the east by the wards of Queenhithe and Bread Street, the River Thames to the south and Farringdon Without to the...
ward. Its street boundaries are Bread Street in the east, Newgate Street
Newgate Street
Newgate Street refers to:*Newgate and Newgate Street in London*Newgate Street, Hertfordshire, a village in Hertfordshire*Newgate Street, Newcastle, a shopping and entertainment street in Newcastle upon Tyne...
& Cheapside
Cheapside
Cheapside is a street in the City of London that links Newgate Street with the junction of Queen Victoria Street and Mansion House Street. To the east is Mansion House, the Bank of England, and the major road junction above Bank tube station. To the west is St. Paul's Cathedral, St...
in the north, Warwick Lane/Ave Maria Lane
Ave Maria Lane
Ave Maria Lane is a street in the City of London, to the west of St Paul's Cathedral. It is the southern extension of Warwick Lane, between Amen Corner and Ludgate Hill.- History :...
in the west, and Queen Victoria Street to the south.
St Paul's Cathedral is outside the ward boundaries, being in Castle Baynard ward, but the St Paul's Cathedral School
St Paul's Cathedral School
St. Paul's Cathedral School is a school associated with St Paul's Cathedral in London and is located in New Change in the City of London.The School has around 220 pupils, most of whom are day pupils, both boys and girls, including up to 40 boy choristers who are all boarders and who singing the...
, situated between the cathedral and New Change, is in the ward.
Guilds and churches
Five successive halls of the Cordwainers'Worshipful Company of Cordwainers
The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. Cordwainers were workers in fine leather; the Company gets its name from "cordwain" , the white leather produced from goatskin in Cordova, Spain...
(workers in fine leather) stood in the ward. They are commemorated by a blue plaque in the gardens of St Paul's Cathedral facing Cannon Street
Cannon Street
Cannon Street is a road in the south of the City of London. It runs roughly parallel with the River Thames, and about 250 metres north of it. It is the site of the ancient London Stone.-Etymology:...
. The fifth and last Hall was built in 1909-10 but on the night of 10 May 1941, the building was gutted during the Blitz
The Blitz
The Blitz was the sustained strategic bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941, during the Second World War. The city of London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 76 consecutive nights and many towns and cities across the country followed...
.
There were once two churches in the ward, All Hallows Bread Street
All Hallows Bread Street
All Hallows Bread Street was a church in the Bread Street ward of the City of London on the south side of Watling Street. First mentioned in the 13th century, the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666...
and St Mildred, Bread Street
St Mildred, Bread Street
St Mildred Bread Street was a church in Bread Street Ward of the City of London dedicated to the 7th century Saint Mildred the Virgin, daughter of Merewald, sub-king of the West Mercians and one of the few to retain Wren's original fittings into the 20th Century.The earliest record of the church...
, both to designs by Sir Christopher Wren
Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren FRS is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.He used to be accorded responsibility for rebuilding 51 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710...
. Today their former parishes form a part of that of St Mary-le-Bow
St Mary-le-Bow
St Mary-le-Bow is an historic church in the City of London, off Cheapside. According to tradition, a true Cockney must be born within earshot of the sound of the church's bells.-Bells:...
. All Hallows was demolished in 1876 to make way for warehouses,, and St Mildred was destroyed by enemy action in April and May 1941.
Politics
Bread Street is one of 25 wardWards of the United Kingdom
A ward in the United Kingdom is an electoral district at sub-national level represented by one or more councillors. It is the primary unit of British administrative and electoral geography .-England:...
s in the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
, each electing one Alderman
Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council...
and a number of Common Councilmen (the City equivalent of a Councillor
Councillor
A councillor or councilor is a member of a local government council, such as a city council.Often in the United States, the title is councilman or councilwoman.-United Kingdom:...
) to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation. Only Freemen of the City of London are eligible to stand for office as Aldermen; to stand as a Common Councilman, a candidate must be a Freeman and also an elector, a resident, or an owner of freehold or leasehold land within the City. , the elected members for the ward of Bread Street are Alderman Sir Michael Savory, Deputy Dr Giles Shilson and Oliver Lodge TD
Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration was a medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army...
CC.
Arthur Phillip
Admiral Arthur PhillipArthur Phillip
Admiral Arthur Phillip RN was a British admiral and colonial administrator. Phillip was appointed Governor of New South Wales, the first European colony on the Australian continent, and was the founder of the settlement which is now the city of Sydney.-Early life and naval career:Arthur Phillip...
was the commander of the First Fleet
First Fleet
The First Fleet is the name given to the eleven ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787 with about 1,487 people, including 778 convicts , to establish the first European colony in Australia, in the region which Captain Cook had named New South Wales. The fleet was led by Captain ...
, and the founder and first Governor of Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. He was baptised in All Hallows Church, Bread Street in 1738; he entered the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
in 1755, and died on the 31 August 1814. He is remembered on Australia Day
Australia Day
Australia Day is the official national day of Australia...
. A bust of Admiral Arthur Phillip can be found in the gardens at Watling Street.
Famous residents
Bread Street was the birthplace of the poets John DonneJohn Donne
John Donne 31 March 1631), English poet, satirist, lawyer, and priest, is now considered the preeminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His works are notable for their strong and sensual style and include sonnets, love poetry, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs,...
and John Milton
John Milton
John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell...
.
External links
- Map of Early Modern London: Bread Street Ward - Historical Map and Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's London (Scholarly)
- Map of Early Modern London - Historical Map and Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's London, showing ward boundaries and reproducing John Stow's description of the wards (Scholarly)
- Corporation of London Present Day Bread Street Ward Boundaries
