Breyer Horse
Encyclopedia
Breyer Animal Creations (or just Breyer), is a division of Reeves International, Inc. The first Breyer horse was created in 1950 and is commonly known as the Western Horse. This horse was created as an adornment for a clock created by the Mastercrafters company. The horse was approximately 1:9 scale and the model was retained as payment for molding the parts. Orders began to roll in for the horse only and the Breyer Animal Creations company was founded. It is a manufacturer of model animals. The company specializes in models made from cellulose acetate
(a form of plastic) and are best known for their model horses, although various wildlife
and domestic animals are also produced, including an extensive line of dog breeds. Its inexpensive, realistic model horses are some of the most renowned model horses in the industry. Since 1989, the company has held a model horse festival for model horse collectors called Breyerfest at the Kentucky Horse Park
in Lexington
, Kentucky
. Breyer also hosts several other events in other parts of the country, such as Breyer Fun Days, special invitation only events, and model horse shows.
Breyer also publishes its own magazine--Just About Horses or JAH for short. Four issues are published per year.
In 1984, Reeves International acquired Breyer Animal Creations and spent the next 20 years completing its transformation from toy distribution to manufacturing. Today, Breyer remains a wholly owned subsidiary of Reeves International. Model horses are sold through independent distributors and the Breyer website.
The company specializes in realistic, scale models of horses made from cellulose acetate, but has branched out into porcelain and resin horse figures as well. Breyer has also produced dog models since the 1950s and began producing other animals such as cats, farm yard animals, and wildlife in the 1960s.
As of 2008, the Ponies line has been replaced with a similar line titled, "Pony Gals". The line differs from other Breyer products in that the models have brush-able manes and tails and may have jointed heads, necks, and legs, and are marketed towards younger children.
but has branched out into porcelain
and resin
figures as well. Most of the company's products focus on model horses and the tack
and accessories (such as stables, barns, grooming
implements) that accompany horse care. However, Breyer has also produced dog
models since the 1950s and began producing other animals such as cats, farm yard animals, and wildlife
in the 1960s.
Each horse is cast
in a two-piece mold. Both halves are then put together and the seams are sanded and polished. Markings and color patterns are usually obtained by using a stencil
known as a mask, although most older models were airbrushed by hand, with markings such as undefined socks or a bald face merely left unpainted. Most detailing, such as eye-whites (common on 1950s and 1960s models and is now enjoying a resurgence in modern models), brands, or other individual markings are painstakingly hand-painted. Sometimes, a variation in the paint job occurs. A variation is a difference, usually in the paint job, of one or a minority of a model as they came from the factory. The reason for variations is rarely known. For example, there is a common mold typically called the Proud Arabian Stallion (abbreviated PAS by collectors). For many years it was produced by Breyer with a dappled gray coat and a gray mane, tail and hooves. However, for some unknown reason a few of these models came from the factory with black manes, tails, and hooves, and black socks or stockings. These special, rare models are considered variations of the Dapple Grey PAS model and are very valuable compared to the regular model, which is quite common.
Breyer uses a number of different molds, with most molds having been released in several colors. For instance, there is a commonly used mold referred to as the Family Arabian Stallion (so popular that it is known as "FAS" to collectors). Breyer has released runs of this mold in a multitude of different coat colors with various markings and details such as socks and blazes, appaloosa blankets, even Native American paint decorations since its original production in 1956. Models may also have different finishes, such as matte or glossy. Each version of a particular mold is considered a separate model, and is almost always given a number and name. In certain instances, however, some models do not receive a number--these may be known as "special runs". New molds are often introduced, and old ones are sometimes "retired"--not created anymore--or even accidentally broken or lost.
The coloring and marking variations are infinite, of course, and include all the variations found among actual horses. Breyer also releases models in more unrealistic colors--"decorator models"--such as "wedgewood blue". Some decorators are painted Copenhagen or filigree, which is much like small spotted paint splotches all over the body and they are usually light blue or gold. Several decorator models have scenes and images painted on them, and even a few have been cast in a translucent form of cellulose acetate to look like blown glass. The company recently introduced a metallic "two-color" paint with a very flashy effect. Models painted with this paint are typically limited edition.
For selling and trading purposes, on-line on eBay for instance, horses are graded by, among other things, their packaging and condition. A horse can be New In Box (NIB), New In Package (NIP), New, Like New, and so on. The highest level is Mint Condition, but keep in mind this is not synonymous with New In Box. This grade implies that the model has been removed from its box and has been on display for some time. Some horses are shipped from the company (or sold from the store) with flaws. However, unlike some collectible toys, Breyer horse packaging does not generally affect the model's value. Unfortunately, there have been some issues with pre-2000s packaging, in which if a model is left in the box for an extended period of time, the box can actually cause harm to the horse's finish due to rubbing of the horse's paint on the sides of the box or on the plastic ties binding it to the packaging, therefore diminishing the model's value.
Common flaws in used models are scratches, rubs, breaks (ears, tails, legs), seam splits, bent legs, yellowing, and so on, which come from use or careless storage. Other flaws come from the factory, such as very slightly off-target painting or slightly sloppy detailing, badly sanded seams, or bent legs (from improper cooling). Some flaws from the factory are considered variations and are sought after by collectors as rare oddities.
The rarity of the model is the other primary method of judging collectibility and value. A model can be defined as rare if was released for a short time period a long while back, so there are not many left in circulation, or if it was released in very limited numbers. The most extreme cases of this are the very few Breyer releases that are one-of-a-kind (OOAK for short), which are always given out as prizes or sold off at auction for charity at the yearly Breyerfest gatherings. These horses are by far the most coveted and highly valued model horses.
Model horse shows are a way for collectors to show off their models' rarity. In a show, a model is described as being one of two grades: Live Show Quality (LSQ) or Photo Show Quality (PSQ). LSQ means that the horse and all tack accurately depict the real animal and must be in good enough condition (considering flaws from the factory as well as from use) to be inspected on all sides. PSQ is less demanding, since both horse and tack can be seen from only one side in the photo and close examination is not possible. Therefore, the standards of condition and realistic appearance are not quite as high.
Depending on how well the customizing was done, how well-known the artist is, and how attractive the results are, these special, one-of-a-kind models can sometimes sell for thousands of dollars.
. There are also classes that teach how to paint, customize, and repair models, and lectures on collecting and judging models. Special guests of honor, usually renowned trainers and famous horses, are also present and perform for the attendees, and each year at least one real horse upon which a model has been based on is in attendance so that Breyer fans can see the inspiration behind the model. There are tours of Lexington horse farms and racetracks, a huge nightly Breyer trade fair among all the open rooms up and down the halls of the main hotel, and one huge official "swap-meet" in the ballroom. At the Breyer facility, silent auctions for special edition models are held. Bids can go up to at least $1,000 per model and often much more. There is also a 'Celebration Horse' every year, which is usually a famous horse that a model is made after. The model is included in the purchase price of a 3-day ticket. Each of the festivals has a different theme: Breyerfest 2009 was called 'Birthday Bash' (as it was Breyerfest's 20th anniversary), Breyerfest 2010 was called 'Lights, Camera, Action!', as it was based on movies as a theme, and Breyerfest 2011's theme was Fairy-tales.
The "Breyer Animal Collector's Guide" by Felicia Browell (and others, in the later editions) is considered the definitive book on the hobby, and includes a catalog, with photographs, of every animal model Breyer has ever released. It is an amazing collection of information and photographs, by one of the oldest and best-informed collectors in the country. And since it lists every model put out by Breyer, and Breyer releases a few new ones every year, and has (as of June 2008) five editions, each bigger than the last.
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate , first prepared in 1865, is the acetate ester of cellulose. Cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some adhesives, and as a frame material for eyeglasses; it is also used as a synthetic fiber and in the manufacture of cigarette filters and...
(a form of plastic) and are best known for their model horses, although various wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative....
and domestic animals are also produced, including an extensive line of dog breeds. Its inexpensive, realistic model horses are some of the most renowned model horses in the industry. Since 1989, the company has held a model horse festival for model horse collectors called Breyerfest at the Kentucky Horse Park
Kentucky Horse Park
Kentucky Horse Park is a working horse farm and an educational theme park opened in 1978 in Lexington, Kentucky. It is located off Kentucky State Highway 1973 and Interstate 75 in northern Fayette County in the United States...
in Lexington
Lexington, Kentucky
Lexington is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 63rd largest in the US. Known as the "Thoroughbred City" and the "Horse Capital of the World", it is located in the heart of Kentucky's Bluegrass region...
, Kentucky
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth...
. Breyer also hosts several other events in other parts of the country, such as Breyer Fun Days, special invitation only events, and model horse shows.
Breyer also publishes its own magazine--Just About Horses or JAH for short. Four issues are published per year.
History
Breyer Animal Creations was founded in 1950 in Chicago, Illinois, originally called Breyer Molding Company. They gained recognition when the company was commissioned by F.W. Woolworth to create a horse statue (now known as the # 57 Western Horse) to adorn a mantel clock. Soon, customers inquired if they could purchase just the horse. From there on out, Breyer has been a major leader in producing model horses.In 1984, Reeves International acquired Breyer Animal Creations and spent the next 20 years completing its transformation from toy distribution to manufacturing. Today, Breyer remains a wholly owned subsidiary of Reeves International. Model horses are sold through independent distributors and the Breyer website.
The company specializes in realistic, scale models of horses made from cellulose acetate, but has branched out into porcelain and resin horse figures as well. Breyer has also produced dog models since the 1950s and began producing other animals such as cats, farm yard animals, and wildlife in the 1960s.
Scales
There are five basic scales of Breyer horse models:- Traditional: 1:9 scale (each model is around 8" H × 11" L)
- Classic: 1:12 scale (dollhouse; about 7" H × 5" L)
- Ponies/Pony Gals: same as Classics
- Paddock Pal 1:24 scale(about 6 inches to 4 inches) - Now retired.
- Stablemates: 1:32 scale (about 7 cm H × 6 cm L)
- Mini Whinnies: 1:64 scale (each "adult" horse is only one inch tall)
As of 2008, the Ponies line has been replaced with a similar line titled, "Pony Gals". The line differs from other Breyer products in that the models have brush-able manes and tails and may have jointed heads, necks, and legs, and are marketed towards younger children.
Molding and Painting
The company specializes in realistic, scale animal models made from cellulose acetateCellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate , first prepared in 1865, is the acetate ester of cellulose. Cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some adhesives, and as a frame material for eyeglasses; it is also used as a synthetic fiber and in the manufacture of cigarette filters and...
but has branched out into porcelain
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and...
and resin
Resin
Resin in the most specific use of the term is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents; as an important source of raw materials...
figures as well. Most of the company's products focus on model horses and the tack
Tack
Tack may refer to:* A type of cut nail, used in upholstery, shoe making and saddle manufacture* Horse tack, harness and equipment to allow horse-back riding* Tack , quick, temporary stitching intended to be removed...
and accessories (such as stables, barns, grooming
Horse grooming
Horse grooming is hygienic care given to a horse, or a process by which the horse's physical appearance is enhanced for horse shows or other types of competition.-Reasons for grooming:...
implements) that accompany horse care. However, Breyer has also produced dog
Dog
The domestic dog is a domesticated form of the gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties. The dog may have been the first animal to be domesticated, and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and companion animal in...
models since the 1950s and began producing other animals such as cats, farm yard animals, and wildlife
Wildlife
Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative....
in the 1960s.
Each horse is cast
Casting
In metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process...
in a two-piece mold. Both halves are then put together and the seams are sanded and polished. Markings and color patterns are usually obtained by using a stencil
Stencil
A stencil is a thin sheet of material, such as paper, plastic, or metal, with letters or a design cut from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut-out holes in the material. The key advantage of a stencil is that it can be reused to...
known as a mask, although most older models were airbrushed by hand, with markings such as undefined socks or a bald face merely left unpainted. Most detailing, such as eye-whites (common on 1950s and 1960s models and is now enjoying a resurgence in modern models), brands, or other individual markings are painstakingly hand-painted. Sometimes, a variation in the paint job occurs. A variation is a difference, usually in the paint job, of one or a minority of a model as they came from the factory. The reason for variations is rarely known. For example, there is a common mold typically called the Proud Arabian Stallion (abbreviated PAS by collectors). For many years it was produced by Breyer with a dappled gray coat and a gray mane, tail and hooves. However, for some unknown reason a few of these models came from the factory with black manes, tails, and hooves, and black socks or stockings. These special, rare models are considered variations of the Dapple Grey PAS model and are very valuable compared to the regular model, which is quite common.
Breyer uses a number of different molds, with most molds having been released in several colors. For instance, there is a commonly used mold referred to as the Family Arabian Stallion (so popular that it is known as "FAS" to collectors). Breyer has released runs of this mold in a multitude of different coat colors with various markings and details such as socks and blazes, appaloosa blankets, even Native American paint decorations since its original production in 1956. Models may also have different finishes, such as matte or glossy. Each version of a particular mold is considered a separate model, and is almost always given a number and name. In certain instances, however, some models do not receive a number--these may be known as "special runs". New molds are often introduced, and old ones are sometimes "retired"--not created anymore--or even accidentally broken or lost.
The coloring and marking variations are infinite, of course, and include all the variations found among actual horses. Breyer also releases models in more unrealistic colors--"decorator models"--such as "wedgewood blue". Some decorators are painted Copenhagen or filigree, which is much like small spotted paint splotches all over the body and they are usually light blue or gold. Several decorator models have scenes and images painted on them, and even a few have been cast in a translucent form of cellulose acetate to look like blown glass. The company recently introduced a metallic "two-color" paint with a very flashy effect. Models painted with this paint are typically limited edition.
Grading
A particular model horse can be graded, or valued, in several ways, depending on the purpose of the grading scale.For selling and trading purposes, on-line on eBay for instance, horses are graded by, among other things, their packaging and condition. A horse can be New In Box (NIB), New In Package (NIP), New, Like New, and so on. The highest level is Mint Condition, but keep in mind this is not synonymous with New In Box. This grade implies that the model has been removed from its box and has been on display for some time. Some horses are shipped from the company (or sold from the store) with flaws. However, unlike some collectible toys, Breyer horse packaging does not generally affect the model's value. Unfortunately, there have been some issues with pre-2000s packaging, in which if a model is left in the box for an extended period of time, the box can actually cause harm to the horse's finish due to rubbing of the horse's paint on the sides of the box or on the plastic ties binding it to the packaging, therefore diminishing the model's value.
Common flaws in used models are scratches, rubs, breaks (ears, tails, legs), seam splits, bent legs, yellowing, and so on, which come from use or careless storage. Other flaws come from the factory, such as very slightly off-target painting or slightly sloppy detailing, badly sanded seams, or bent legs (from improper cooling). Some flaws from the factory are considered variations and are sought after by collectors as rare oddities.
The rarity of the model is the other primary method of judging collectibility and value. A model can be defined as rare if was released for a short time period a long while back, so there are not many left in circulation, or if it was released in very limited numbers. The most extreme cases of this are the very few Breyer releases that are one-of-a-kind (OOAK for short), which are always given out as prizes or sold off at auction for charity at the yearly Breyerfest gatherings. These horses are by far the most coveted and highly valued model horses.
Model horse shows are a way for collectors to show off their models' rarity. In a show, a model is described as being one of two grades: Live Show Quality (LSQ) or Photo Show Quality (PSQ). LSQ means that the horse and all tack accurately depict the real animal and must be in good enough condition (considering flaws from the factory as well as from use) to be inspected on all sides. PSQ is less demanding, since both horse and tack can be seen from only one side in the photo and close examination is not possible. Therefore, the standards of condition and realistic appearance are not quite as high.
Customizing
Another branch of the model horse hobby is customizing, in which a single model is remade in some way, making it unique. Sometimes models are simply repainted or have patterns etched in their existing paint (appaloosa blanket or paint horse markings for instance), while other models are repositioned by being heated and then shaped. In the most drastic cases the artist will completely re-sculpt the model, cutting body parts away, repositioning and reattaching them, and re-painting and finishing them. Breyer models are popular candidates for customizing, due to their inexpensiveness and ability to be easily obtained.Depending on how well the customizing was done, how well-known the artist is, and how attractive the results are, these special, one-of-a-kind models can sometimes sell for thousands of dollars.
BreyerFest
BreyerFest was first held in 1989, and from then on it has been held annually in July at the Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky. This is a three-day festival for model horse fanatics. During this three day period, attendees can buy models, sell their own, or trade with others, purchase specially-run Breyer models sold only at this particular event, and participate in huge model horse showsModel horse showing
Model horse showing is a hobby built around the collection of scale model horses, with equal focus on honoring the horse show industry as well as the artistic merit of the miniatures.- Classes & Divisions :...
. There are also classes that teach how to paint, customize, and repair models, and lectures on collecting and judging models. Special guests of honor, usually renowned trainers and famous horses, are also present and perform for the attendees, and each year at least one real horse upon which a model has been based on is in attendance so that Breyer fans can see the inspiration behind the model. There are tours of Lexington horse farms and racetracks, a huge nightly Breyer trade fair among all the open rooms up and down the halls of the main hotel, and one huge official "swap-meet" in the ballroom. At the Breyer facility, silent auctions for special edition models are held. Bids can go up to at least $1,000 per model and often much more. There is also a 'Celebration Horse' every year, which is usually a famous horse that a model is made after. The model is included in the purchase price of a 3-day ticket. Each of the festivals has a different theme: Breyerfest 2009 was called 'Birthday Bash' (as it was Breyerfest's 20th anniversary), Breyerfest 2010 was called 'Lights, Camera, Action!', as it was based on movies as a theme, and Breyerfest 2011's theme was Fairy-tales.
Breyer Model Publications
Just About Horses (JAH) is Breyer's model horse magazine. Six issues a year, this is the most popular model horse magazine in America. Subscriber benefits include membership to the Breyer collector club, access to rare, limited-edition models, sneak peeks into Breyer releases and events, chances to win models in contests, and so on. The magazine is now forced to go out of print, due to the fact that bimonthly magazine has grown expensive to produce. The last issue will be published in the fall of 2011 as a big finale. JAH has claimed that they will continue the magazine online to people who subscribed.The "Breyer Animal Collector's Guide" by Felicia Browell (and others, in the later editions) is considered the definitive book on the hobby, and includes a catalog, with photographs, of every animal model Breyer has ever released. It is an amazing collection of information and photographs, by one of the oldest and best-informed collectors in the country. And since it lists every model put out by Breyer, and Breyer releases a few new ones every year, and has (as of June 2008) five editions, each bigger than the last.
