Briz-M
Encyclopedia
The Briz-M is a Russia
n orbit insertion
upper stage manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M
rocket.
. The main engine can be restarted up to 8 times in flight and allows the stage to offer high precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit. Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited only by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours. The total time of the standard Proton/Breeze-M mission profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours. A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.
One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D
upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo. A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°. Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/sec residual velocity to GSO. A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecrafts into different orbits.
Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on doughnut tank surrounding the core. It is powered by a one pump-fed gimballed main engine (RD-2000.) The Briz-KM is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. The Briz-KM is used as a third stage of the Rockot
launch vehicles.
communications satellite into orbit.
It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n orbit insertion
Orbit insertion
Orbit insertion is the spaceflight operation of adjusting a spacecraft’s momentum to allow for entry into a stable orbit around a planet, moon, or other celestial body...
upper stage manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M
Proton-M
The Proton-M, GRAU index 8K82M or 8K82KM, is a Russian carrier rocket derived from the Soviet-developed Proton. It is built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81 and 200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Commercial launches are marketed by International Launch Services , and generally...
rocket.
Characteristics
The Briz-M upper stage is designed for injecting heavy and/or large payloads into a low, medium-height or high Geosynchronous orbitGeosynchronous orbit
A geosynchronous orbit is an orbit around the Earth with an orbital period that matches the Earth's sidereal rotation period...
. The main engine can be restarted up to 8 times in flight and allows the stage to offer high precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit. Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited only by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours. The total time of the standard Proton/Breeze-M mission profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours. A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.
One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D
Block D
Blok D is an upper stage used on Soviet and later Russian expendable launch systems, including the N1, Proton-K and Zenit. There were plans to use it for some other rockets as well ....
upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo. A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°. Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/sec residual velocity to GSO. A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecrafts into different orbits.
Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on doughnut tank surrounding the core. It is powered by a one pump-fed gimballed main engine (RD-2000.) The Briz-KM is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. The Briz-KM is used as a third stage of the Rockot
Rockot
The Rokot , also transliterated as a the pun Rockot, is a Russian space launch vehicle that can launch a payload of 1,950 kilograms into a 200 kilometre high Earth orbit with 63° inclination. It is a derivative of the UR-100N intercontinental ballistic missile , supplied and operated by Eurockot...
launch vehicles.
History
Briz-M completed its maiden flight in May 2000, when it is delivered the GorizontGorizont
Gorizont, , GRAU index 11F662, is a series of 35 Russian, previously Soviet, geosynchronous communication satellites launched between 1978 and 2000. The programme was started in order to develop a satellite system to relay coverage of the 1980 Olympic Games from Moscow. The first four satellites...
communications satellite into orbit.
It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.
Launch chronology
| 1999 July 5 | launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage. Carried a Raduga Raduga Raduga can refer to :* MKB Raduga, a Russian maker of missile systems formerly known as OKB Raduga* VBK-Raduga, an unmanned reentry capsule used to return material from the Russian Mir space station... communication satellite. |
| 2000 June 6 | successful launch of a Gorizont Gorizont Gorizont, , GRAU index 11F662, is a series of 35 Russian, previously Soviet, geosynchronous communication satellites launched between 1978 and 2000. The programme was started in order to develop a satellite system to relay coverage of the 1980 Olympic Games from Moscow. The first four satellites... communication satellite. |
| 2003 June 6 | successful launch of an Americom communication satellite. |
| successful launch of three GLONASS GLONASS GLONASS , acronym for Globalnaya navigatsionnaya sputnikovaya sistema or Global Navigation Satellite System, is a radio-based satellite navigation system operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces... positioning satellites. |
|
| launch failure leaves Briz-M and payload in unusable orbit. Carried an Arabsat-4M communication satellite. The booster eventually explodes on February 19, 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris Space debris Space debris, also known as orbital debris, space junk, and space waste, is the collection of objects in orbit around Earth that were created by humans but no longer serve any useful purpose. These objects consist of everything from spent rocket stages and defunct satellites to erosion, explosion... . |
|
| 2007 July 7 | successful launch of DirecTV-10 DirecTV-10 DirecTV-10 is a Boeing model 702 direct broadcast satellite that provides high definition television to DirecTV subscribers in North America. It was launched by International Launch Services on July 7, 2007 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard an Enhanced Proton Breeze-M rocket... |
| 14 March 2008 | failed during second burn, leaving AMC-14 AMC-14 (satellite) AMC-14 is a communications satellite initially owned by SES Americom which was to have been placed in geostationary orbit, following launch by a Proton rocket. Built by Lockheed Martin and based on the A2100 satellite bus, AMC-14 was to have been located at 61.5° west longitude and would have been... in useless orbit. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine. |
| 19 August 2008 | successful launch of the Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite. A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the March 14 failure. This modification will be used in all future launches. |
| 20 September 2008 | successful launch of Nimiq-4 Nimiq The Nimiq satellites are a fleet of geostationary telecommunications satellites owned by the Telesat and used by satellite television providers including Bell TV and EchoStar . 'Nimiq' is an Inuit word used for an object or a force which binds things together. A contest in 1998 was held to choose... |
| 5 November 2008 | successful launch of Astra 1M from Baikonur, Kazakhstan |
| 10 December 2008 | successful launch of Ciel-2 Ciel-2 Ciel 2 is a commercial broadcast communications satellite owned by Canadian Ciel Satellite Group. It was launched on December 10, 2008 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan by ILS Proton-M/Breeze-M vehicle. The satellite is built by Thales Alenia Space and is based on Spacebus-4000C4 bus. It is... from Baikonur. |
| 11 February 2009 | successful launch of Express-AM44 Express (satellite) Ekspress , is a series of geostationary communications satellites owned by Russian State Company for Satellite Communications. The first satellite of this kind was launched on October 13, 1994... and Express-MD1 Express (satellite) Ekspress , is a series of geostationary communications satellites owned by Russian State Company for Satellite Communications. The first satellite of this kind was launched on October 13, 1994... from Baikonur |
| 1 July 2009 | successful launch of Sirius FM-5 Sirius FM-5 Sirius FM-5, also known as Radiosat 5, is an American communications satellite which will be operated by Sirius XM Radio. It was constructed by Space Systems Loral, based on the LS-1300 bus, and carries a single transponder designed to transmit in the NATO E F and I bands... from Baikonur |
| 3 February 2011 | Failed launch of Geo-IK-2 satellite from Plesetsk - failed Briz-KM restart. |
| 17 August 2011 | Failed launch of Ekspress-AM4 satellite from Baikonur - lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn. |