Brodmann area 32
Encyclopedia
The Brodmann area 32, also known in the human
brain
as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex
. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus
defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe
. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09).
Dorsal region of anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the Stroop task.
Brodmann area 32 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. This area was named 25 in Brodmann-1905 and labeled 25 in a figure contributed by Brodmann in Mauss-1908. In Brodmann-1909, however, the area was labeled 32 and the name "area 25" was attached to the area that has since been the accepted area 25 of Brodmann
-1909 (Vogt-87). Distinguishing features according to Brodmann-1905: in contrast with area 6 of Brodmann
-1909 the cortex
of area 32 is relatively thick; the transition from cortex to white matter
is more gradual; the distribution of cells is less dense; and there is no distinct boundary between the inner pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); it is similar to area 6 in the general absence of distinct layers, particularly of an internal granular layer
(IV), but differs in that cells are smaller and there is an increased density of medium sized pyramidal cell
s at the level of layer IV; this population of cells makes area 32 similar to the neighboring area 24 of Brodmann-1909; it differs from area 24 by its greater overall thickness and a particularly thick layer VI that merges gradually with the subcortical white matter. Brodmann-1909 regarded area 32 as topologically, but not cytoarchitecturally, homologous
to the human dorsal anterior cingulate area 32; area 25 of Walker-1940 is topologically homologous to area 32.
Human
Humans are the only living species in the Homo genus...
brain
Brain
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...
as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, each of which has a different...
. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus
Cingulate sulcus
The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus on the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the cingulate sulcus from the cingulate gyrus.-External links:* via the Neuroscience Information Framework...
defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of humans and other mammals, located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned anterior to the parietal lobe and superior and anterior to the temporal lobes...
. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09).
Dorsal region of anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the Stroop task.
Guenon
In the guenonGuenon
The guenons are the genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys. Not all the members of this genus have the word "guenon" in their common names, and because of changes in scientific classification, some monkeys in other genera may have common names that do include the word "guenon"...
Brodmann area 32 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. This area was named 25 in Brodmann-1905 and labeled 25 in a figure contributed by Brodmann in Mauss-1908. In Brodmann-1909, however, the area was labeled 32 and the name "area 25" was attached to the area that has since been the accepted area 25 of Brodmann
Brodmann area 25
Brodmann area 25 is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics.It is also called the subgenual area, area subgenualis or subgenual cingulate....
-1909 (Vogt-87). Distinguishing features according to Brodmann-1905: in contrast with area 6 of Brodmann
Brodmann area 6
- Human :Brodmann area 6 is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex , it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA...
-1909 the cortex
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, each of which has a different...
of area 32 is relatively thick; the transition from cortex to white matter
White matter
White matter is one of the two components of the central nervous system and consists mostly of myelinated axons. White matter tissue of the freshly cut brain appears pinkish white to the naked eye because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries. Its white color is due to...
is more gradual; the distribution of cells is less dense; and there is no distinct boundary between the inner pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); it is similar to area 6 in the general absence of distinct layers, particularly of an internal granular layer
Granular layer
The term granular layer may refer to:*the granular layer of Tomes, seen in dentin of the teeth. When dry section of the root dentin of teeth are visualized under transmitted light, a granular layer is seen adjacent to cementum.It is believed to be caused by coalescing & looping of terminal portion...
(IV), but differs in that cells are smaller and there is an increased density of medium sized pyramidal cell
Pyramidal cell
Pyramidal neurons are a type of neuron found in areas of the brain including cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and in the amygdala. Pyramidal neurons are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract. Pyramidal neurons were first discovered and...
s at the level of layer IV; this population of cells makes area 32 similar to the neighboring area 24 of Brodmann-1909; it differs from area 24 by its greater overall thickness and a particularly thick layer VI that merges gradually with the subcortical white matter. Brodmann-1909 regarded area 32 as topologically, but not cytoarchitecturally, homologous
Homology (biology)
Homology forms the basis of organization for comparative biology. In 1843, Richard Owen defined homology as "the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function". Organs as different as a bat's wing, a seal's flipper, a cat's paw and a human hand have a common underlying...
to the human dorsal anterior cingulate area 32; area 25 of Walker-1940 is topologically homologous to area 32.
External links
- See BrainInfo for Brodmann area 32
- 3D representation