Brothers Bernardacci
Encyclopedia
The Brothers Bernardacci, Johann Karlovich (1782–1842) and Joseph Karlovich (1788–1840), natives of Lugano
(in the Italian speaking canton
of Ticino
), were architects who arrived in Russia
in 1822. They created that "сlean new town" (Princess Mary
), which Lermontov found in 1837 at Gorjachevodsk (now Pyatigorsk
).
Having devoted all of their life to construction on the Caucasus
(Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk
, Stavropol
, Tbilisi
, Georgievsk), the Bernardacci created some landmarks connected with the name of Lermontov. In Pyatigorsk they designed Restoratsija, Nikolay
's (nowadays Lermontov's) baths, Diana's grotto, the Aeolian harp
pavilion, a gallery above Elisabeth's (nowadays Academic) spring, the house for retired officers (in 1837 - a city commandant's office, nowadays a resort clinic), house of E.A.Hastatova (it has not survived), Areshev's houses (in one of them Lermontov became acquainted with Belinsky; the houses have not survived), a garden opposite the Nikolay baths (nowadays the Tsvetnik), the State garden (now the Gorky
Park of Culture) and others, and also a direct road from Pyatigorsk to Zheleznovodsk
on which Lermontov travelled before his duel
. In Kislovodsk the Bernardacci constructed Restoratsija (has not survived) and A.F. Rebrov's house.
Lugano
Lugano is a city of inhabitants in the city proper and a total of over 145,000 people in the agglomeration/city region, in the south of Switzerland, in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, which borders Italy...
(in the Italian speaking canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...
), were architects who arrived in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
in 1822. They created that "сlean new town" (Princess Mary
A Hero of Our Time
A Hero of Our Time is a novel by Mikhail Lermontov, written in 1839 and revised in 1841. It is an example of the superfluous man novel, noted for its compelling Byronic hero Pechorin and for the beautiful descriptions of the Caucasus...
), which Lermontov found in 1837 at Gorjachevodsk (now Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk is a city in Stavropol Krai on the Podkumok River, about from Mineralnye Vody. Since January 19, 2010 it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia...
).
Having devoted all of their life to construction on the Caucasus
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia. The term is also used as a synonym for the North Caucasus economic region of Russia....
(Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, which lies in the North Caucasian region of the country, between the Black and Caspian Seas. The closest airport is located in the city of Mineralnye Vody. Population:...
, Stavropol
Stavropol
-International relations:-Twin towns/sister cities:Stavropol is twinned with: Des Moines, United States Béziers, France Pazardzhik, Bulgaria-External links:* **...
, Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
, Georgievsk), the Bernardacci created some landmarks connected with the name of Lermontov. In Pyatigorsk they designed Restoratsija, Nikolay
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas I , was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its historical zenith spanning over 20 million square kilometers...
's (nowadays Lermontov's) baths, Diana's grotto, the Aeolian harp
Aeolian harp
An aeolian harp is a musical instrument that is "played" by the wind. It is named for Aeolus, the ancient Greek god of the wind. The traditional aeolian harp is essentially a wooden box including a sounding board, with strings stretched lengthwise across two bridges...
pavilion, a gallery above Elisabeth's (nowadays Academic) spring, the house for retired officers (in 1837 - a city commandant's office, nowadays a resort clinic), house of E.A.Hastatova (it has not survived), Areshev's houses (in one of them Lermontov became acquainted with Belinsky; the houses have not survived), a garden opposite the Nikolay baths (nowadays the Tsvetnik), the State garden (now the Gorky
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet author, a founder of the Socialist Realism literary method and a political activist.-Early years:...
Park of Culture) and others, and also a direct road from Pyatigorsk to Zheleznovodsk
Zheleznovodsk
Zheleznovodsk is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Population: The name of the town literally means iron-water-place, as the mineral waters springing from the earth in Zheleznovodsk were believed to have high content of iron. Zheleznovodsk, along with Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Kislovodsk, and...
on which Lermontov travelled before his duel
Duel
A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two individuals, with matched weapons in accordance with agreed-upon rules.Duels in this form were chiefly practised in Early Modern Europe, with precedents in the medieval code of chivalry, and continued into the modern period especially among...
. In Kislovodsk the Bernardacci constructed Restoratsija (has not survived) and A.F. Rebrov's house.