Buhurizade Itri
Encyclopedia
Buhurizade Itri, or just simply Itri (1640? - 1711) was a composer and performer of Turkish classical music from Istanbul
, Ottoman Empire
.
. Itri was a major exponent of Turkish classical music. He was a very prolific composer with more than a thousand works. However, only about forty of these survived to this day.
It is believed that he was a Mevlevi
, and composed religious music for this order. He lived through the times of five Ottoman Sultans. He became well known during the time of Mehmet IV. He sang in fasils, which are concert programs with the same makam
, in the presence of Mehmet IV. Starting from this time, he enjoyed the support of the palace for many years. He taught music in the palace Enderun school. He was also interested in gardening. It is believed that his name Itri comes from the word itir, which means pelargonium
.
As with most composers of his day, Itri was also a famous poet. He used poetic forms based on the classicial Ottoman school of poetry (Divan
), as well as those based on syllabic meters identified with folk music and poetry. Unfortunately most of his poetry has not survived to this day. He was also known for being a calligrapher.
Buhurizade Itri is an ancestor of the Syrian Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
.
Itri's portrait is depicted on the reverse
of the Turkish 100 lira
banknote issued in 2009.
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
.
Biography
Many things known about him today are subject to dispute. His real name was Mustafa, and he was sometimes referred to as Buhurizade Mustafa EfendiEffendi
Effendi, Effendy or Efendi is a title of nobility meaning a lord or master.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir, which was used in Ottoman Empire...
. Itri was a major exponent of Turkish classical music. He was a very prolific composer with more than a thousand works. However, only about forty of these survived to this day.
It is believed that he was a Mevlevi
Mevlevi
The Mevlevi Order, or the Mevlevilik or Mevleviye are a Sufi order founded in Konya by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th century Persian poet, Islamic jurist, and theologian. They are also known as the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous practice of whirling as a form...
, and composed religious music for this order. He lived through the times of five Ottoman Sultans. He became well known during the time of Mehmet IV. He sang in fasils, which are concert programs with the same makam
Makam
Makam In Turkish classical music, a system of melody types called makam provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance...
, in the presence of Mehmet IV. Starting from this time, he enjoyed the support of the palace for many years. He taught music in the palace Enderun school. He was also interested in gardening. It is believed that his name Itri comes from the word itir, which means pelargonium
Pelargonium
Pelargonium is a genus of flowering plants which includes about 200 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly known as scented geraniums or storksbills. Confusingly, Geranium is the correct botanical name of a separate genus of related plants often called Cranesbills. Both Geranium...
.
As with most composers of his day, Itri was also a famous poet. He used poetic forms based on the classicial Ottoman school of poetry (Divan
Divan
A divan was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states, or its chief official .-Etymology:...
), as well as those based on syllabic meters identified with folk music and poetry. Unfortunately most of his poetry has not survived to this day. He was also known for being a calligrapher.
Buhurizade Itri is an ancestor of the Syrian Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
Muhammad Naji al-Otari
Muhammad Naji al-Otari is a Syrian politician who was Prime Minister of Syria from 2003 to 2011.-Early life, education and career:...
.
Itri's portrait is depicted on the reverse
Obverse and reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags , seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, obverse means the front face of the object and reverse...
of the Turkish 100 lira
Turkish lira
The Turkish lira is the currency of Turkey and the de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The lira is subdivided into 100 kuruş...
banknote issued in 2009.
Major works
- Segâh Kurban Bayramı Tekbiri
- Segâh Salât-ı Ümmiye
- Dilkeşhâveran Gece Salâtı
- Mâye Cuma Salâtı
- Segâh Mevlevi Ayini
- Rast Darb-ı Türkî Naat ve Sofyan Tevşih
- Nühüft Durak; Nühüft İlahî
- Nühüft Tevşih; Nevâ Kâr
- 2 Pençgâh Beste
- Hisar Devr-i Kebir Beste ve Aksak Semai
- Mâhûr Ağır Aksak Semai
- Rehavî Berefşan Beste
- Buselik Hafif Beste ve Yürük SemaiYürük semaiA yürük semai is a musical form in Ottoman classical music. It was a movement of a fasıl...
- Segâh Ağır Semai
- Segâh Yürük Semai
- Bayatî Çember Beste
- Bestenigâr Darb-ı Fetih Beste
- Dügâh Hafif Beste
- Isfahan Zencir Beste ve Ağır Aksak Semai
- Nikriz Muhammes Beste
- Râhatu'l Ervah Zencir Beste
- Irak Aksak Semai
- Rast Aksak Semai
- Nühüft Aksak Semai
- Acemaşiran Yürük Semai
- Rehavî Peşrev
- Nühüft Peşrev ve Saz Semaisi
- Nevâ Kâr