Bumpy torus
Encyclopedia
The bumpy torus is a class of magnetic fusion energy devices that consist of a series of magnetic mirror
Magnetic mirror
A magnetic mirror is a magnetic field configuration where the field strength changes when moving along a field line. The mirror effect results in a tendency for charged particles to bounce back from the high field region....

s connected end-to-end to form a closed torus. Such an arrangement is not stable on its own, and most bumpy torus designs use secondary fields or relativistic electrons to create a stable field inside the reactor. Bumpy torus designs were an area of active research in the 1960s and 70s, notably with the ELMO Bumpy Torus, but these demonstrated problems and most research on the concept has ended.
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