Bắc Giang Province
Encyclopedia
Bắc Giang is a province
of Vietnam
. It is located in the northeastern
part of the country, being situated 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) to the east of Hanoi
. The province covers an area of 3827.45 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,628,400 people.
Bac Giang history is traced to the Hung Kings who established the Văn Lang
nation, then followed in succession the rule of the Lê Dynasty
and the Nguyen Dynasty. It was the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. However, the modern province of Bắc Giang was founded in 1895.
The province lies in the Red River Delta
and borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south.
Industrial development has been planned intensively in this predominantly agararian province and as result there is discernible improvements in its economic conditions.
The province has many places of interest to visit such as the Xuong Giang Ancient Citadel, Cam Son Lake, Duc La Pagoda, Tho Ha Communal House and so forth.
, Bắc Giang was in the division of Võ Ninh.
During the Lê Dynasty
, the province was the prefecture of Bắc Hà. Following the ascent of the Nguyen Dynasty, it became the prefecture of Thiên Phúc in 1822, before becoming the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. From November 5, 1889 to September 9, 1891 there existed the province of Lục Nam. It comprised the districts of Bảo Lộc, Phượng Nhỡn, Lục Nam, Hữu Lũng (split from Lạng Giang and Bắc Ninh Province) and the district of Yên Bái (split from Lạng Sơn Province). In 1891 after the return of the districts of Bảo Lộc and Phượng Nhỡn back to Bắc Ninh Province, Lục Nam was abolished and integrated into Đạo Quan binh I.
The modern province of Bắc Giang was founded on October 10, 1895, when it was created out of Bắc Ninh Province. It initially comprised the prefectures of Lạng Giang and Đa Phúc and the districts of Kim Anh, Yên Dũng
, Phượng Nhỡn, Việt Yên, Hiệp Hòa, Yên Thế and some small territories south of the Lục Nam River. The province capital was Phủ Lạng Thương, which is now the city of Bắc Giang
. In 1896, the prefecture of Đa Phúc and the district of Kim Anh was returned to Bắc Ninh Province.
In 1950, Bắc Giang was put into the Confederation of Northern Vietnam (Liên khu Việt Bắc) by the communist Vietminh and comprised seven districts: Hiệp Hoà, Lục Ngạn, Yên Thế, Lạng Giang, Việt Yên, Yên Dũng, Hữu Lũng
.
On February 22, 1955, the district of Sơn Động of Quảng Yên Province was incorporated into Bắc Giang Province. On July 1, 1956, upon the formation of the Autonomous Region of Northern Vietnam (Khu tự trị Việt Bắc), the district of Hữu Lũng was transferred to Lạng Sơn Province. On January 21, 1957, the districts of Sơn Động and Lục Ngạn were divided into the three districts of Sơn Động, Lục Ngạn and Lục Nam. On October 27, 1962, Bắc Giang merged with Bắc Ninh into the new province of Hà Bắc, until it was re-partitioned on January 1, 1997 into its previous components.
. It borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south. It comprises three land forms namely, the lowland or the delta land, the midland and the mountainous region. While the midland areas are in the districts of Hiep Hoa and Viet Yen and the Bac Giang city, the mountanous districts are the Son Dong, Luc Ngan, Yen The, Tan Yen, Yen Dung, Lang Giang; the seven mountanous districts account for 72% of area of the Bac Giang province.
Of the total land area of the province, 123000 hectares (303,939.4 acre) is agricultural land,110000 hectares (271,815.7 acre) is forest land, 66500 hectares (164,324.9 acre) is residential and urban land and for other uses. The farmland in the proivnce is good intensive farming of rice crops vegetable, fruit and bulb trees. There is scope for expanding land under forests. The produce from the forests has been estimated as 3,5 million m3 of wood and 500 million trees of bamboo
and neohouzeaua
.
Bắc Giang occupies an area of 3827.45 square kilometre, which is 1.2% of the area of the whole country. According to statistics from 2000, 32.4% of the land is used for agriculture, while 28.9% is used for forestry, industry or is otherwise uncleared. The remainder comprises mountains, unexploited waterways and land used for miscellaneous purposes.
The province is 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) from Hanoi and has a good network of roads such as the National Highways No. 1A, 31 and 279. It has railway lines from Bac Giang to Hanoi, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen and mineral areas in Quang Ninh by train.
The terrain is moderately mountainous, lying between the high mountains to the north and the Red River Delta
to the south. Although a large part of the terrain is mountainous most of it is not isolated. The region to the northern end of the province is mountainous uncleared forest. To the east and southeast of the province is Đông Triều and the Mount Yên Tử, located with the Yên Tử Nature Reserve. The elevation of the province is mostly in the 300–900 m (984.3–2,952.8 ft) range, with a maximum of 1068 metres (3,503.9 ft) (Mount Yên Tử). To the northeastern end of the province, along the border with Quảng Ninh there is the Khe Rỗ forest, spanning 71.53 km2, with a rich biodiversity.
Bắc Giang has a total of 347 km of rivers and springs, the three most prominent being Lục Nam River
, Thương River and the Cầu River
. Apart from waterways, Bắc Giang has many lakes, including Cấm Sơn Lake
and Khuôn Thần Lake; the area covered by ponds, lakes and lagoons is 16300 hectares (40,278.1 acre). Cấm Sơn Lake
lies in Luc Nagan district of the province in the area bordering the province of Lạng Sơn. It is30 kilometres (18.6 mi) long and has a width varying from 200 metres (656.2 ft) up to7 kilometres (4.3 mi). It has an area of 26 square kilometre, but this can increase to 30 kilometres (18.6 mi) during monsoonal flooding. Khuôn Thần Lake has an area of2.4 square kilometre and the centre of the lake has five small hilly islands surrounded by 20-year-old pine forests. Pedalboating and motorboating are permitted on the lake. Ethnic minority hamlets are located on the shores of the lake. Apprroach route to the lake is from Bac Ninh - 31 kilometres (19.3 mi)), then to Bac Giang - 51 kilometres (31.7 mi)), further to the Hoa River-98 kilometres (60.9 mi) and finally arrive at the Cam Son Lake. The highest flow in the Thuong River is reported to be 64.4 m3/s and lowest flow is 12.9 m3/s.
Climate
The province has the dominant charechteristics of the tropical and temperate climate zone of the Northern Plain. The temperature, humidity and rainfall indexes clearly vary over months and seasons. The climate in the province has been discerned in two distinct seasons - the hot, rainy season from May to September and the cold, dry season from November to March. The average temperature varies between 22–23 °C (71.6–73.4 F); the Maximum Temperatures recorded was 41 °C (105.8 °F) while the lowest temperature was 13 °C (55.4 °F). Humidity values are in the range of 73% to 87%. The average rainfall is reported to be 1953 millimetres (76.9 in). The annual Sun shine hours of 1,500 to 1,700 hours is good to grow tropical and subtropical trees. The average wind velocity is 2.1 metres (6.9 ft)/s and average atmosphere pressure 757.71 mmHg. Since the province is located away from the South China Sea
(East Sea), the incidence of hurricanes and storms is rare though Whirlwind and hail storm are a localised phenomenon in a few mountainous districts.
Minerals
Bac Giang had 63 registered mines in 2005 involved in mining 15 types of minerals such as coal, metal, industrial minerals, building materials. Important mines are the coal mines in Yen The, Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts, which have coal reserves of about 114 million tonnes (including anthracite, lean-coal, peat-coal); Dong Ri mine has 107.3 million tonnes that has potential for a large scale industrial development. Iron ore reserves (0,5 million tnnes) have been found in the Yen The district. Bronze ore reserves (100,000 tonnes) has been found in Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts. 3 million tons of Kaolin reserves estimated at 3 million tonnes has been located in Yen Dung. Large reserves of clay (360 million m3) is concentrated in Viet Yen, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Yen The and Hiep Hoa districts, about 100 m3 are used to make fire-bricks. Gravel and conglomerates are in Hiep Hoa and Luc Nam districts.
Avifauna
A joint survey of the multi-taxa inventory conducted in the Back Giang Province by the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History, New York (CBC-AMNH) and the Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi (IEBR) has recorded 146 species of birds, including 61 species from Khau Ria and Mt Pu Tha Ca and 105 species from Mt Tay Con Linh. New species recorded were “the Beautiful Nuthatch Sitta formosa (Vulnerable), Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouillea danjoui (Near Threatened), the first record for Vietnam of Yellow-vented Warbler Phylloscopus cantator, and 16 additional species previously unrecorded in East Tonkin. The results indicate that the montane regions of northern Vietnam east of the Red River remain under-surveyed.”
According to the census of April 1, 2009, the population was 1,555,720 with a density of 407 people/km², 1.7 times the national average. There are 26 ethnic groups in the province, of these ethnic Vietnamese comprised 88.1%, followed by Nung people
with 4.5%, Tay people
with 2.6%; San Chay people
and San Diu people
, both with 1.6%, Hoa people 1.2% and Dao people 0.5%.
. Increasingly, the province is becoming known as a producer of fruit, particularly pineapple
s and lychee
s. Around a quarter of Bắc Giang's land area is devoted to forestry
. Located 50 km50 kilometres (31.1 mi) from Hanoi, the province is within economic development zones of the Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Economic Corridor and the Nam Ninh - Lang Son - Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Before the province was formulated in 1997 and industrial development of the region was initiated, the GDP of the province was only US$ 170 with Agro-Forestry accounting for 55% and Industry hardly contributed. It was a poor economy with 90% of agricultural workers remaining below the poverty line. However, during the period 1997-2008, the province having launched several industrial projects in all its districts, 410 projects were launched with investment of US$ 23.174 billion that included 74 'Foreign Direct Investment' projects worth US$ 432.9 million. As a result, several economic farming models were introduced, which resulted in 'Rural Economic Development', social consumer retail sales, and services got a boost, the poverty rate (2005 level) reduced to 17.78%, and textiles and garment exports accounted to bout US$130 million which was 76% of export turnover of the province. Infrastructure facilities such as National Highways and rural roads were substantially expanded, towns were better planned and beautified. Industrial parks, urban Areas-service and high-tech parks are being added. Key Industries like fertilizer, high technology, engineering, building materials, assembling Automobiles, agricultural processing, Forestry products, Textiles and Electric power generation are planned with the objective of achieving a GDP growth rate of 11-12% by 2020. The province has the Bac Giang Department of Industry and Trade established in 2008 by the Bac Giang People’s Committee, which unifies the Department of Industry and the Department of Trade and Tourism; this testifies to the importance given to promote industrial development of the province.
Some of the economic indicators in respect of farming, agriculture and industrial production are the following.
As against the national figure of 7592 of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery cooperatives there are only agriculture cooperatives in the province.
There are 1786 farms as against the national number of 120699.
The output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 3,491.7 billion đồngs against the national figure of 156,681.9 billion đồngs.
The province produced 569,400 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 43.26 million tones
The per capita production of cereals in the district was 349.7 kilograms (771 lb) as against the national figure of 501.8 kilograms (1,106.3 lb) in 2007.
In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 3,868.3 billion đồngs of the national output of 1.47 million billion đồngs.
Thac Huong irrigation scheme
The Thac Huong Irrigation Scheme, in the Yen The district, adjacent to Thai Nguyen province and to the west of Hanoi, was implemented in early 20th century by then French Government in Vietnam. Construction of the irrigation scheme for utilization of the Cau River was started in 1922 and operationalised in 1936. The irrigation system was built on the left bank of the river and envisaged irrigation to a total command area of 57325 hectares (141,653 acre). Net irrigation provided was to an area of 28500 hectares (70,425 acre) in four districts of Phu Binh (Thai Nguyen province), Viet Yen, Tan Yen, Hiep Hoa (in Bac Giang Province). In addition, drinking water supply was also built in to the system. Navigation also was part of its beneficial uses as a transport route for shipment of rice and salt from Hai Phong to Thai Nguyen
. The scheme, as built, has a concrete dam of 6.7 metres (22 ft) height and100 metres (328.1 ft) length, known as the Thac Huong dam across the Cau River. A Head regulator on the canal is 36 metres (118.1 ft) in width and 6.5 metres (21.3 ft) in height. 10 branch canal intakes were provided, each with a capacity of 25m3/s. However, the energy dissipation arrangements of the dam have been damaged, several times since it was built, by floods and bombing raids. The Asian Development Bank
(ADB) funded the rehabilitation project in 2000. Though restored after 1955, the project is facing water shortages and is unable to meet the demands for irrigation due to building of many projects in the upstream reaches of the river, over utilisation by industries and poor maintenance. Transbasin diversions have been implemented along with pumping from other streams to meet the water demands for irrigation and other uses of drinking water and industries.
(also spelt Litchi) fruit tree, an important fruit variety of Vietnam considered a precious fruit since generations of Vietnamese kings of the Mai Dynasty, is a dominant fruit crop of the Bac Giang Province. It is grown in an area of 20275 hectares (50,100.6 acre) in this province, out of a total area of 35352 hectares (87,356.6 acre) in the country and the production is reported to be 20,248 tonnes. This variety originated from Hai Duong Province
(Thanh Ha district) and is commercially cultivated in Luc Ngan, Luc Nam
and Yen The
districts of Bac Giang Province, apart from other provinces in the country. According to the Research Institute of Fruits and Vegetables (RIFAV), 33 accessions have been identified as 33 cultivars of lychee grown in different locations in home gardens and consolidated farms.
Khe Ro Primitive forest
Khe Ro Primitive Forest, a virgin primitive forest is located in An Lac Commune in the Son Dong District of the province. It is a protected forest covering an area of7153 hectares (17,675.4 acre). The forest has rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. 236 species of trees, 255 tubers of valuable medical plants, 37 mammals, 73 species of birds and 18 species of reptiles (7 are considered rare and valuable) have been recorded in the forest. Many streams flow through the forest area.
Duc La Pagoda
Duc La Pagoda, located in Tri Yen Commune, Yen Dung District of the province was built in the 12th century and is well preserved. It was then the centre of the "Truc Lam Trinity" (King Tran Nhan Tong, Phap Loa and Huyen Quang monks) who established a school of Buddhist preaching and started the Truc Lam religious sect. The pagoda is set in the backdrop of the Co Tien Mountain range at the Phuong Nhon confluence. The pagoda is surrounded by an expanse of rice-fields, amidst villages and hamlets around green bamboo groves. The "99 Nham Bien Mountain range" is seen at a distance. The pagoda is built on a south-west axis and has four principal zones. The first zone has the Pagodas of Ho, Thieu Huong and Buddhists, and is deified with many images. There are two Thap Dien niches where very large statues of Thien Wong, Dia Tang and Long Than are installed. The Thien Huong Palace, adjacent to this, is an exquisite structure, which has three horizontal panels and a gilded door. The first chamber of Buddha is the architectural legacy of the Le Dynasty. The second zone is separated from the first zone by a brick yard. Within this zone is a simple building built with wooden planks and decorated with natural scenes of sky and clouds. It is the first ancestral shrine, and a panel here has the inscription "Truc Lam ho thuong" (A rendezvous of the Truc Lam Trinity) in Chinese
characters. This inscription is engraved above the three statues of the Truc Lam Trinity. The third zone has the two-roofed bell tower. The fourth zone is another ancestral shrine with two statues made in the architectural style of the Nguyen Dynasty. The Duc La Pagoda is also an important training centre of Buddhism
. The pagoda also has wooden printing blocks of Buddhist sutras.
Tho Ha Communal House
The Tho Ha Communal House is located in Tho Ha Village in Viet Yen District of the province. It is an ancient communal house built during the rule of King Le Hy Tong. It is set amidst many old trees. It was Built in the form of the Chinese character cong and it is known as "the praise-giving house." It is built over a raised ground and is 27 metres (88.6 ft) long and 16 metres (52.5 ft) wide and approached from all sides by three grey stone steps. The roofs of the Communal House has an ancient crescent-shaped tiled roof that curves up like a scimitar sword blade. At the four corners, decorated with purple-burned glazed terra-cotta creatures of lion cubs are depicted. It has 22 levels engraved with dragons, clouds, and lion cubs. The communal house has 7 rooms built on 48 ironwood
pillars. The roof frame is decorated with engravings of "ladies in long dresses wearing their hair in buns or turbans, riding phoenixes and dragons or dancing over the floating clouds". Polished blue stones decorate the floor of the house. It has a wooden entrance engraved and painted in gold which gives it an ancient ambience. There is also an inscription on a stone, which says that the Tho Ha Communal House was built out of contributions made by Tho Ha villagers.
ATK2
ATK is an abbreviation of 'An Toan Khu,' which means "safe zone". It was primarily built by the Vietcong guerrillas during the war, in the period 1965-1972, against the Americans
. This zone consists of a network of underground tunnels as defense works against any army attacks by bombs and guns. This has now been developed as a historical monument.
Other sights
Other sights of interest in the province are: The Museum dedicated to Hoàng Hoa Thám and Đồn Phồn Xương in Yên Thế
District ;the Dinh Hương Tomb at Hiệp Hòa
, burial place of La Quý Hầu, a Le Dynasty noble and army officer; the historical region of Suối Mỡ and Đền Suối Mỡ in Lục Nam
District; the Đức La Temple in Yên Dũng
; the ancient fort of Xương Giang; and the Cây Dã tree, believed to be more than 1000 years old, located in Tiên Lục commune, Lạng Giang
district. Eight people are required to hold hands to span this tree's circumference.
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....
of Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. It is located in the northeastern
Dong Bac
The Northeast is the region at the north of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Northeast called to distinguish them from the Northwest, but it's actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc. The northeast is one of three sub-regions of northern Vietnam...
part of the country, being situated 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) to the east of Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
. The province covers an area of 3827.45 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,628,400 people.
Bac Giang history is traced to the Hung Kings who established the Văn Lang
Van Lang
Văn Lang was, according to tradition, the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, founded in 2879 BC and existing until 258 BC. It was ruled by the Hùng Kings of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty. There is, however, little reliable historical information available...
nation, then followed in succession the rule of the Lê Dynasty
Lê Dynasty
The Later Lê Dynasty , sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty was the longest-ruling dynasty of Vietnam, ruling the country from 1428 to 1788, with a brief interruption....
and the Nguyen Dynasty. It was the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. However, the modern province of Bắc Giang was founded in 1895.
The province lies in the Red River Delta
Red River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
and borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south.
Industrial development has been planned intensively in this predominantly agararian province and as result there is discernible improvements in its economic conditions.
The province has many places of interest to visit such as the Xuong Giang Ancient Citadel, Cam Son Lake, Duc La Pagoda, Tho Ha Communal House and so forth.
Etymology
The province's name is derived from the Sino-Vietnamese word Hán Tự: 北江, meaning "north of the river."History
During the time of the Hung Kings, who started the nation of Văn LangVan Lang
Văn Lang was, according to tradition, the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, founded in 2879 BC and existing until 258 BC. It was ruled by the Hùng Kings of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty. There is, however, little reliable historical information available...
, Bắc Giang was in the division of Võ Ninh.
During the Lê Dynasty
Lê Dynasty
The Later Lê Dynasty , sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty was the longest-ruling dynasty of Vietnam, ruling the country from 1428 to 1788, with a brief interruption....
, the province was the prefecture of Bắc Hà. Following the ascent of the Nguyen Dynasty, it became the prefecture of Thiên Phúc in 1822, before becoming the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. From November 5, 1889 to September 9, 1891 there existed the province of Lục Nam. It comprised the districts of Bảo Lộc, Phượng Nhỡn, Lục Nam, Hữu Lũng (split from Lạng Giang and Bắc Ninh Province) and the district of Yên Bái (split from Lạng Sơn Province). In 1891 after the return of the districts of Bảo Lộc and Phượng Nhỡn back to Bắc Ninh Province, Lục Nam was abolished and integrated into Đạo Quan binh I.
The modern province of Bắc Giang was founded on October 10, 1895, when it was created out of Bắc Ninh Province. It initially comprised the prefectures of Lạng Giang and Đa Phúc and the districts of Kim Anh, Yên Dũng
Yen Dung
Yên Dũng is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 162,497. The district covers an area of 213 km²...
, Phượng Nhỡn, Việt Yên, Hiệp Hòa, Yên Thế and some small territories south of the Lục Nam River. The province capital was Phủ Lạng Thương, which is now the city of Bắc Giang
Bac Giang
Bắc Giang is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of the Bac Giang province. Its name, deriving from Sino-Vietnamese, means "north of the river." Bac Giang was formerly a sister city with Madison, Wisconsin, United States....
. In 1896, the prefecture of Đa Phúc and the district of Kim Anh was returned to Bắc Ninh Province.
In 1950, Bắc Giang was put into the Confederation of Northern Vietnam (Liên khu Việt Bắc) by the communist Vietminh and comprised seven districts: Hiệp Hoà, Lục Ngạn, Yên Thế, Lạng Giang, Việt Yên, Yên Dũng, Hữu Lũng
Huu Lung
Huu Lung is a district of Lang Son Province in the Northeastern region of Vietnam.-Administration subdivisions:*Capital: Hữu Lũng Township*Communes:25 Communes, 1 township#Commune of Hòa Thắng#Commune of Minh Hòa#Commune of Minh Sơn...
.
On February 22, 1955, the district of Sơn Động of Quảng Yên Province was incorporated into Bắc Giang Province. On July 1, 1956, upon the formation of the Autonomous Region of Northern Vietnam (Khu tự trị Việt Bắc), the district of Hữu Lũng was transferred to Lạng Sơn Province. On January 21, 1957, the districts of Sơn Động and Lục Ngạn were divided into the three districts of Sơn Động, Lục Ngạn and Lục Nam. On October 27, 1962, Bắc Giang merged with Bắc Ninh into the new province of Hà Bắc, until it was re-partitioned on January 1, 1997 into its previous components.
Geography
Bắc Giang lies in the Red River DeltaRed River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
. It borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south. It comprises three land forms namely, the lowland or the delta land, the midland and the mountainous region. While the midland areas are in the districts of Hiep Hoa and Viet Yen and the Bac Giang city, the mountanous districts are the Son Dong, Luc Ngan, Yen The, Tan Yen, Yen Dung, Lang Giang; the seven mountanous districts account for 72% of area of the Bac Giang province.
Of the total land area of the province, 123000 hectares (303,939.4 acre) is agricultural land,110000 hectares (271,815.7 acre) is forest land, 66500 hectares (164,324.9 acre) is residential and urban land and for other uses. The farmland in the proivnce is good intensive farming of rice crops vegetable, fruit and bulb trees. There is scope for expanding land under forests. The produce from the forests has been estimated as 3,5 million m3 of wood and 500 million trees of bamboo
Bamboo
Bamboo is a group of perennial evergreens in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family....
and neohouzeaua
Neohouzeaua
Neohouzeaua is a genus of medium-sized tropical bamboo . These species have culms growing in large tufts, often somewhat scandent. They are found in Southeast Asia....
.
Bắc Giang occupies an area of 3827.45 square kilometre, which is 1.2% of the area of the whole country. According to statistics from 2000, 32.4% of the land is used for agriculture, while 28.9% is used for forestry, industry or is otherwise uncleared. The remainder comprises mountains, unexploited waterways and land used for miscellaneous purposes.
The province is 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) from Hanoi and has a good network of roads such as the National Highways No. 1A, 31 and 279. It has railway lines from Bac Giang to Hanoi, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen and mineral areas in Quang Ninh by train.
The terrain is moderately mountainous, lying between the high mountains to the north and the Red River Delta
Red River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
to the south. Although a large part of the terrain is mountainous most of it is not isolated. The region to the northern end of the province is mountainous uncleared forest. To the east and southeast of the province is Đông Triều and the Mount Yên Tử, located with the Yên Tử Nature Reserve. The elevation of the province is mostly in the 300–900 m (984.3–2,952.8 ft) range, with a maximum of 1068 metres (3,503.9 ft) (Mount Yên Tử). To the northeastern end of the province, along the border with Quảng Ninh there is the Khe Rỗ forest, spanning 71.53 km2, with a rich biodiversity.
Bắc Giang has a total of 347 km of rivers and springs, the three most prominent being Lục Nam River
Lục Nam River
The Lục Nam River is a river of Vietnam. It flows for 200 kilometres through Bac Giang Province and Lang Son Province.-References:...
, Thương River and the Cầu River
Cau River
Cầu River is a river of northern Vietnam. It flows through the city of Thai Nguyen. The river has a length of 288 km and basin area of 6030 km²....
. Apart from waterways, Bắc Giang has many lakes, including Cấm Sơn Lake
Cam Son Lake
Cam Son Lake is a lake in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang Province, Vietnam, near the border with Lang Son Province. The lake lies off Highway 279, northeast of the city of Bac Giang....
and Khuôn Thần Lake; the area covered by ponds, lakes and lagoons is 16300 hectares (40,278.1 acre). Cấm Sơn Lake
Cam Son Lake
Cam Son Lake is a lake in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang Province, Vietnam, near the border with Lang Son Province. The lake lies off Highway 279, northeast of the city of Bac Giang....
lies in Luc Nagan district of the province in the area bordering the province of Lạng Sơn. It is30 kilometres (18.6 mi) long and has a width varying from 200 metres (656.2 ft) up to7 kilometres (4.3 mi). It has an area of 26 square kilometre, but this can increase to 30 kilometres (18.6 mi) during monsoonal flooding. Khuôn Thần Lake has an area of2.4 square kilometre and the centre of the lake has five small hilly islands surrounded by 20-year-old pine forests. Pedalboating and motorboating are permitted on the lake. Ethnic minority hamlets are located on the shores of the lake. Apprroach route to the lake is from Bac Ninh - 31 kilometres (19.3 mi)), then to Bac Giang - 51 kilometres (31.7 mi)), further to the Hoa River-98 kilometres (60.9 mi) and finally arrive at the Cam Son Lake. The highest flow in the Thuong River is reported to be 64.4 m3/s and lowest flow is 12.9 m3/s.
Climate
The province has the dominant charechteristics of the tropical and temperate climate zone of the Northern Plain. The temperature, humidity and rainfall indexes clearly vary over months and seasons. The climate in the province has been discerned in two distinct seasons - the hot, rainy season from May to September and the cold, dry season from November to March. The average temperature varies between 22–23 °C (71.6–73.4 F); the Maximum Temperatures recorded was 41 °C (105.8 °F) while the lowest temperature was 13 °C (55.4 °F). Humidity values are in the range of 73% to 87%. The average rainfall is reported to be 1953 millimetres (76.9 in). The annual Sun shine hours of 1,500 to 1,700 hours is good to grow tropical and subtropical trees. The average wind velocity is 2.1 metres (6.9 ft)/s and average atmosphere pressure 757.71 mmHg. Since the province is located away from the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
(East Sea), the incidence of hurricanes and storms is rare though Whirlwind and hail storm are a localised phenomenon in a few mountainous districts.
Minerals
Bac Giang had 63 registered mines in 2005 involved in mining 15 types of minerals such as coal, metal, industrial minerals, building materials. Important mines are the coal mines in Yen The, Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts, which have coal reserves of about 114 million tonnes (including anthracite, lean-coal, peat-coal); Dong Ri mine has 107.3 million tonnes that has potential for a large scale industrial development. Iron ore reserves (0,5 million tnnes) have been found in the Yen The district. Bronze ore reserves (100,000 tonnes) has been found in Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts. 3 million tons of Kaolin reserves estimated at 3 million tonnes has been located in Yen Dung. Large reserves of clay (360 million m3) is concentrated in Viet Yen, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Yen The and Hiep Hoa districts, about 100 m3 are used to make fire-bricks. Gravel and conglomerates are in Hiep Hoa and Luc Nam districts.
Avifauna
A joint survey of the multi-taxa inventory conducted in the Back Giang Province by the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History, New York (CBC-AMNH) and the Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi (IEBR) has recorded 146 species of birds, including 61 species from Khau Ria and Mt Pu Tha Ca and 105 species from Mt Tay Con Linh. New species recorded were “the Beautiful Nuthatch Sitta formosa (Vulnerable), Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouillea danjoui (Near Threatened), the first record for Vietnam of Yellow-vented Warbler Phylloscopus cantator, and 16 additional species previously unrecorded in East Tonkin. The results indicate that the montane regions of northern Vietnam east of the Red River remain under-surveyed.”
Demographics
According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Bắc Giang province as on 2008 was 1,628,400 with a density of 425 persons per km2 over a total land area of 3827.45 square kilometre of the province. The male population during this period was 790,300 with females accounting for 838,100. The rural population was 1,473,000 against an urban population of 153,400.According to the census of April 1, 2009, the population was 1,555,720 with a density of 407 people/km², 1.7 times the national average. There are 26 ethnic groups in the province, of these ethnic Vietnamese comprised 88.1%, followed by Nung people
Nung people
The Nùng are an ethnic minority in Vietnam. In China, the Nùng, together with the Tày, are classified as Zhuang people.-Description:The population of the Nùng is estimated to be more than 700,000...
with 4.5%, Tay people
Tay people
The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam. They are sometimes also called Thô, T'o, Tai Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, or Pa Di....
with 2.6%; San Chay people
San Chay people
The San Chay people live in the Tuyên Quang province of northeastern Vietnam, as well as some nearby provinces. They speak a Tai language. Their population was 147,315 in 1999....
and San Diu people
San Diu people
The Sán Dìu is an ethnic group in northern Vietnam. They are believed to have migrated from Guangdong around 1600 CE....
, both with 1.6%, Hoa people 1.2% and Dao people 0.5%.
Administration
Administrative units comprise one city municipality, nine rural districts, seven precincts, 16 town districts and 207 communes. The provincial districts and towns in the province are Son Dong, Luc Ngan, Luc Nam, Yen The, Lang Giang, Yen Dung, Viet Yen, Tan Yen and Hiep Hoa.| Name | Division type | Population (2003) | Area (km²) | Towns (huyện lỵ or thị trấn) (bold) and communes (xã) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bắc Giang Bac Giang Bắc Giang is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of the Bac Giang province. Its name, deriving from Sino-Vietnamese, means "north of the river." Bac Giang was formerly a sister city with Madison, Wisconsin, United States.... |
City (thành phố) | 126,810 | 32.21 | Wards (phường): Trần Phú, Ngô Quyền, Lê Lợi, Hoàng Văn Thụ, Mỹ Độ, Trần Nguyên Hãn, Thọ Xương. Communes: Dĩnh Kế, Xương Giang, Đa Mai, Song Mai. |
| Hiệp Hoà District | District (huyện) | 210,980 | 201 | Thắng Thắng Thắng is a township and town and capital of Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Bắc Lý Bắc Lý Bắc Lý is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Châu Minh Châu Minh Châu Minh is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đại Thành Đại Thành Đại Thành is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Danh Thắng Danh Thắng Danh Thắng is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Đoan Bái, Đông Lỗ, Đồng Tân Đồng Tân Đồng Tân is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đức Thắng Đức Thắng Đức Thắng is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.Dinh Huong's tomb is located in the commune. This tomb is a stone sculpture architectural complex, built in 1727.-References:... , Hòa Sơn Hòa Sơn Hòa Sơn is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hoàng An Hoàng An Hoàng An is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hoàng Lương Hoàng Lương Hoàng Lương is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hoàng Thanh Hoàng Thanh Hoàng Thanh is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hoàng Vân Hoàng Vân Hoàng Vân is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hợp Thịnh Hợp Thịnh Hợp Thịnh is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hùng Sơn Hùng Sơn Hùng Sơn is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hương Lâm Hương Lâm Hương Lâm is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lương Phong Lương Phong Lương Phong is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Mai Đình Mai Đình Mai Đình is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Mai Trung Mai Trung Mai Trung is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Ngọc Sơn Ngọc Sơn Ngọc Sơn is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Quang Minh Quang Minh Quang Minh is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Thái Sơn Thái Sơn Thái Sơn is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thanh Vân Thanh Vân Thanh Vân is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Thường Thắng Thường Thắng Thường Thắng is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Xuân Cẩm Xuân Cẩm Xuân Cẩm is a commune and village in Hiệp Hoà District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Lạng Giang District | District (huyện) | 184,956 | 246 | Kép Kép Kép is a township and town and capital of Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Dĩnh Tri Dĩnh Tri Dĩnh Tri is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thái Đào Thái Đào Thái Đào is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đại Lâm Đại Lâm Đại Lâm is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Dĩnh Tân Dĩnh Tân Dĩnh is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Xương Lâm Xương Lâm Xương Lâm is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Hưng Tân Hưng, Bac Giang Tân Hưng is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hương Sơn Hương Sơn, Bac Giang Hương Sơn is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Xuân Hương Xuân Hương Xuân Hương is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Mỹ Thái Mỹ Thái Mỹ Thái is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Phi Mô Phi Mô Phi Mô is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Tân Thanh Tân Thanh Tân Thanh is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Mỹ Hà Mỹ Hà Mỹ Hà is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Tiên Lục Tiên Lục Tiên Lục is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đào Mỹ Đào Mỹ Đào Mỹ is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , An Hà An Hà An Hà is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Thịnh Tân Thịnh Tân Thịnh is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hương Lạc Hương Lạc Hương Lạc is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nghĩa Hưng Nghĩa Hưng Nghĩa Hưng is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nghĩa Hòa Nghĩa Hòa Nghĩa Hòa is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Quang Thịnh Quang Thịnh Quang Thịnh is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Dương Đức Dương Đức Dương Đức is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Yên Mỹ Yên Mỹ, Bac Giang Yên Mỹ is a commune and village in Lạng Giang District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Lục Nam District | District (huyện) | 202,886 | 597 | Đồi Ngô Đồi Ngô Đồi Ngô is a township and town in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... and Lục Nam Lục Nam Lục Nam is a township and town and capital of Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... (capital) , Lục Sơn Lục Sơn Lục Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Bình Sơn Bình Sơn, Bac Giang Bình Sơn is a commune and village in Luc Nam District, Bac Giang province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Trường Sơn Trường Sơn Trường Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Vô Tranh Vô Tranh Vô Tranh is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Trường Giang Trường Giang Trường Giang is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nghĩa Phương Nghĩa Phương Nghĩa Phương is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Huyền Sơn Huyền Sơn Huyền Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Bắc Lũng Bắc Lũng Bắc Lũng is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Cẩm Lý Cẩm Lý Cẩm Lý is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Vũ Xá Vũ Xá Vũ Xá is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Đan Hội Đan Hội Đan Hội is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Yên Sơn Yên Sơn Yên Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lan Mẫu Lan Mẫu Lan Mẫu is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phương Sơn Phương Sơn Phương Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thanh Lâm Thanh Lâm Thanh Lâm is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Chu Điện Chu Điện Chu Điện is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Bảo Đài Bảo Đài Bảo Đài is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Bảo Sơn Bảo Sơn Bảo Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tam Dị Tam Dị Tam Dị is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Đông Phú Đông Phú, Bac Giang Đông Phú is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đông Hưng Đông Hưng Đông Hưng is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tiên Nha Tiên Nha Tiên Nha is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Khám Lạng Khám Lạng Khám Lạng is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Lục Ngạn District | District (huyện) | 195,989 | 1012 | Chũ Chũ Chũ is a township and town and capital of Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Cấm Sơn Cấm Sơn Cấm Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Sơn Tân Sơn, Bac Giang Tân Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phong Vân Phong Vân Phong Vân is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Sa Lý Sa Lý Sa Lý is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Phong Minh Phong Minh Phong Minh is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Sơn Hải Sơn Hải Sơn Hải is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hộ Đáp Hộ Đáp Hộ Đáp is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Trung tâm huấn luyện Cấm Sơn, Kim Sơn Kim Sơn Kim Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Biên Sơn Biên Sơn Biên Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Kiên Lao Kiên Lao Kiên Lao is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thanh Hai Thanh Hai Thanh Hải is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Kiên Thành Kiên Thành Kiên Thành is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Giáp Sơn Giáp Sơn Giáp Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-Info on Giáp Sơn:After harvest, lychee, Giap Son Commune us to attend sessions folksongs San Diu ethnic groups between the two social clubs, Giap Son, Luc Ngan district, Bac Ninh Lai Giang commune,... , Tân Hoà, Biển Động Biển Động Biển Động is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Hoa Tân Hoa Tân Hoa is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Quang Tân Quang Tân Quang is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hồng Giang Hồng Giang Hồng Giang is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Trù Hựu Trù Hựu Trù Hựu is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Quý Sơn Quý Sơn Quý Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phượng Sơn Phượng Sơn Phượng Sơn is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Mỹ An Mỹ An Mỹ An is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Tân Mộc Tân Mộc Tân Mộc is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đèo Gia Đèo Gia Đèo Gia is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phỉ Điền Phỉ Điền Phỉ Điền is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đồng Cốc Đồng Cốc Đồng Cốc is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phú Nhuận Phú Nhuận Phú Nhuận is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nghĩa Hò Nghĩa Hò Nghĩa Hò is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Tân Quang Tân Quang Tân Quang is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Lập Tân Lập, Bac Giang Tân Lập is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... and Nam Dương Nam Dương Nam Dương is a commune and village in Lục Ngạn District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Sơn Động District | District (huyện) | 70,629 | 844 | An Châu An Châu An Châu is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... (the capital), Thanh Sơn Thanh Sơn Thanh Sơn is a township and town in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Hữu Sản Hữu Sản Hữu Sản is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , An Lạc An Lạc An Lạc is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Vân Sơn Vân Sơn Vân Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lệ Viễn Lệ Viễn Lệ Viễn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Vĩnh Khương Vĩnh Khương Vĩnh Khương is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , An Lập An Lập An Lập is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Dương Hưu Dương Hưu Dương Hưu is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Long Sơn Long Sơn, Bac Giang Long Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , An Châu An Châu An Châu is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , An Bá An Bá An Bá is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Yên Định Yên Định, Bac Giang Yên Định is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tuấn Đạo Tuấn Đạo Tuấn Đạo is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Bồng Am Bồng Am Bồng Am is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thanh Luận Thanh Luận Thanh Luận is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Cẩm Đàn Cẩm Đàn Cẩm Đàn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Giáo Liêm Giáo Liêm Giáo Liêm is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Chiên Sơn Chiên Sơn Chiên Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Quế Sơn Quế Sơn Quế Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phúc Thắng Phúc Thắng Phúc Thắng is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thạch Sơn Thạch Sơn Thạch Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tuấn Mậu Tuấn Mậu Tuấn Mậu is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Tân Yên District | District (huyện) | 161,835 | 203.7 | Cao Thượng Cao Thượng, Bac Giang Cao Thượng is a township and town and capital of Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... (capital), Nhã Nam, Quế Nham Quế Nham Quế Nham is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Việt Lập Việt Lập Việt Lập is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Liên Chung Liên Chung Liên Chung is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Cao Xá Cao Xá Cao Xá is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Ngọc Lý Ngọc Lý Ngọc Lý is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Ngọc Thiện Ngọc Thiện Ngọc Thiện is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Ngọc Châu Ngọc Châu Ngọc Châu is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Ngọc Vân Ngọc Vân Ngọc Vân is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hợp Đức Hợp Đức Hợp Đức is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Phúc Hòa Phúc Hòa Phúc Hòa is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Trung Tân Trung, Bac Giang Tân Trung is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , An Dương An Dương An Dương is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Lan Giới Lan Giới Lan Giới is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Nhã Nam, Đại Hóa Đại Hóa Đại Hóa is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Quang Tiến Quang Tiến Quang Tiến is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Phúc Sơn Phúc Sơn Phúc Sơn is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lam Cốt Lam Cốt Lam Cốt is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Việt Ngọc Việt Ngọc Việt Ngọc is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Song Vân Song Vân Song Vân is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Liên Sơn Liên Sơn Liên Sơn is a commune and village in Tân Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... |
| Việt Yên District | District (huyện) | – | – | Bích Động Bích Động Bích Động is a township and town and capital of Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... (capital), Nếnh Nếnh Nếnh is a township and town in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Quang Châu Quang Châu Quang Châu is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Ninh Sơn Ninh Sơn Ninh Sơn is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tiên Sơn Tiên Sơn Tiên Sơn is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Trung Hà Trung Hà Trung Hà is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Bich Sơn Bich Sơn Bich Sơn is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nghĩa Trung Nghĩa Trung Nghĩa Trung is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Hồng Thái Hồng Thái Hồng Thái is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tăng Tiến Tăng Tiến Tăng Tiến is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Quảng Minh Quảng Minh Quảng Minh is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Vân Hà Vân Hà Vân Hà is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Vân Trung Vân Trung Vân Trung is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Việt Tiến Việt Tiến Việt Tiến is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Thượng Lan Thượng Lan Thượng Lan is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam..Thượng Lan includes Cham, Ha Thuong, Son Ha, Ha, Ha Boi, Ruong, Nguon-References:... , Minh Đức Minh Đức Minh Đức is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Tự Lan Tự Lan Tự Lạn is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Hương Mai Hương Mai Hương Mai is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Hoàng Ninh Hoàng Ninh Hoàng Ninh is a commune and village in Việt Yên District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... . |
| Yên Dũng District | District (huyện) | 162,497 | 213 | Neo Neo, Vietnam Neo is a township and town and capital of Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... (capital), Tân Dân Tân Dân, Bac Giang Tân Dân is a township and town in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. Population: 5448 as of 2007. Area: 494 hecta.,... , Đồng Phúc Đồng Phúc, Bac Giang Đồng Phúc is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, which is part of northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đồng Việt Đồng Việt Đồng Việt is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tư Mại Tư Mại Tư Mại is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Đức Giang Đức Giang Đức Giang is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tiến Dũng Tiến Dũng Tiến Dũng is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Cảnh Thụy Cảnh Thụy Cảnh Thụy is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lãng Sơn Lãng Sơn Lãng Sơn is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Trí Yên Trí Yên Trí Yên is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Lão Hộ Lão Hộ Lão Hộ is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân An Tân An, Bac Giang Tân An is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Xuân Phú Xuân Phú For other uses, see Xuan Phu Xuân Phú is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Tiến Tân Tiến, Bac Giang Tân Tiến is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Liễu Tân Liễu Tân Liễu is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tiền Phong Tiền Phong Tiền Phong is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Yên Lư Yên Lư Yên Lư is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Hương Gián Hương Gián Hương Gián is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Quỳnh Sơn Quỳnh Sơn Quỳnh Sơn is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Tân Mỹ Tân Mỹ, Bac Giang Tân Mỹ is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Song Khê Song Khê Song Khê is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Nội Hoàng Nội Hoàng Nội Hoàng is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Đồng Sơn Đồng Sơn, Bac Giang Đồng Sơn is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... , Nham Sơn Nham Sơn Nham Sơn is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.... , Thắng Cương Thắng Cương Thắng Cương is a commune and village in Yên Dũng District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:... |
| Yên Thế District | District (huyện) | 91,934 | 301 | Cầu Gồ, Bố Hạ (capital), Đồng Vương, Canh Nậu, Đồng Kỳ, Bố Hạ, Hương Vĩ, Đông Sơn, Xuân Lương, Tam Tiến, Tiến Thắng, Tân Hiệp, Tam Hiệp, An Thượng, Phồn Xương, Đồng Lạc, Hồng Kỳ, Đồng Hưu, Tân Sỏi, Đồng Tiến, Đồng Tâm. |
Economy
Bắc Giang’s land area is primarily dedicated to agricultureAgriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
. Increasingly, the province is becoming known as a producer of fruit, particularly pineapple
Pineapple
Pineapple is the common name for a tropical plant and its edible fruit, which is actually a multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries. It was given the name pineapple due to its resemblance to a pine cone. The pineapple is by far the most economically important plant in the Bromeliaceae...
s and lychee
Lychee
The lychee is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree native to Southern China and Southeast Asia, and now cultivated in many parts of the world...
s. Around a quarter of Bắc Giang's land area is devoted to forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...
. Located 50 km50 kilometres (31.1 mi) from Hanoi, the province is within economic development zones of the Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Economic Corridor and the Nam Ninh - Lang Son - Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Before the province was formulated in 1997 and industrial development of the region was initiated, the GDP of the province was only US$ 170 with Agro-Forestry accounting for 55% and Industry hardly contributed. It was a poor economy with 90% of agricultural workers remaining below the poverty line. However, during the period 1997-2008, the province having launched several industrial projects in all its districts, 410 projects were launched with investment of US$ 23.174 billion that included 74 'Foreign Direct Investment' projects worth US$ 432.9 million. As a result, several economic farming models were introduced, which resulted in 'Rural Economic Development', social consumer retail sales, and services got a boost, the poverty rate (2005 level) reduced to 17.78%, and textiles and garment exports accounted to bout US$130 million which was 76% of export turnover of the province. Infrastructure facilities such as National Highways and rural roads were substantially expanded, towns were better planned and beautified. Industrial parks, urban Areas-service and high-tech parks are being added. Key Industries like fertilizer, high technology, engineering, building materials, assembling Automobiles, agricultural processing, Forestry products, Textiles and Electric power generation are planned with the objective of achieving a GDP growth rate of 11-12% by 2020. The province has the Bac Giang Department of Industry and Trade established in 2008 by the Bac Giang People’s Committee, which unifies the Department of Industry and the Department of Trade and Tourism; this testifies to the importance given to promote industrial development of the province.
Some of the economic indicators in respect of farming, agriculture and industrial production are the following.
As against the national figure of 7592 of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery cooperatives there are only agriculture cooperatives in the province.
There are 1786 farms as against the national number of 120699.
The output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 3,491.7 billion đồngs against the national figure of 156,681.9 billion đồngs.
The province produced 569,400 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 43.26 million tones
The per capita production of cereals in the district was 349.7 kilograms (771 lb) as against the national figure of 501.8 kilograms (1,106.3 lb) in 2007.
In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 3,868.3 billion đồngs of the national output of 1.47 million billion đồngs.
Thac Huong irrigation scheme
The Thac Huong Irrigation Scheme, in the Yen The district, adjacent to Thai Nguyen province and to the west of Hanoi, was implemented in early 20th century by then French Government in Vietnam. Construction of the irrigation scheme for utilization of the Cau River was started in 1922 and operationalised in 1936. The irrigation system was built on the left bank of the river and envisaged irrigation to a total command area of 57325 hectares (141,653 acre). Net irrigation provided was to an area of 28500 hectares (70,425 acre) in four districts of Phu Binh (Thai Nguyen province), Viet Yen, Tan Yen, Hiep Hoa (in Bac Giang Province). In addition, drinking water supply was also built in to the system. Navigation also was part of its beneficial uses as a transport route for shipment of rice and salt from Hai Phong to Thai Nguyen
Thai Nguyen
Thái Nguyên is a city and municipality in Vietnam. It is the capital and located in center of Thai Nguyen province, in northeastern Vietnam. This is the largest city and often considered as center of Northern midlands and mountain areas...
. The scheme, as built, has a concrete dam of 6.7 metres (22 ft) height and100 metres (328.1 ft) length, known as the Thac Huong dam across the Cau River. A Head regulator on the canal is 36 metres (118.1 ft) in width and 6.5 metres (21.3 ft) in height. 10 branch canal intakes were provided, each with a capacity of 25m3/s. However, the energy dissipation arrangements of the dam have been damaged, several times since it was built, by floods and bombing raids. The Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank
The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia...
(ADB) funded the rehabilitation project in 2000. Though restored after 1955, the project is facing water shortages and is unable to meet the demands for irrigation due to building of many projects in the upstream reaches of the river, over utilisation by industries and poor maintenance. Transbasin diversions have been implemented along with pumping from other streams to meet the water demands for irrigation and other uses of drinking water and industries.
Lychee
LycheeLychee
The lychee is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree native to Southern China and Southeast Asia, and now cultivated in many parts of the world...
(also spelt Litchi) fruit tree, an important fruit variety of Vietnam considered a precious fruit since generations of Vietnamese kings of the Mai Dynasty, is a dominant fruit crop of the Bac Giang Province. It is grown in an area of 20275 hectares (50,100.6 acre) in this province, out of a total area of 35352 hectares (87,356.6 acre) in the country and the production is reported to be 20,248 tonnes. This variety originated from Hai Duong Province
Hai Duong Province
Hải Dương is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "ocean", though in fact, the province is landlocked.-Geography of Hai Duong:...
(Thanh Ha district) and is commercially cultivated in Luc Ngan, Luc Nam
Luc Nam
Lục Nam is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 202,886. The district covers an area of 597 km². The district capital lies at Luc Nam...
and Yen The
Yen The
Yên Thế is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 91,934. The district covers an area of 301 km2. The district capital lies at Bo Ha. This is the homeland of Struggle of Yên Thế's farmers...
districts of Bac Giang Province, apart from other provinces in the country. According to the Research Institute of Fruits and Vegetables (RIFAV), 33 accessions have been identified as 33 cultivars of lychee grown in different locations in home gardens and consolidated farms.
Visitor attractions
Bac Giang has many locations of interest to visitors. It has several monuments such as Khe Ro Primitive Forest, Xuong Giang Ancient Citadel, Cam Son Lake, Duc La Pagoda and Tho Ha Communal House. The Kinh Bac people hold an annual cultural festival and in the spring, the ethnic groups of the province also hold a colourful festival.Khe Ro Primitive forest
Khe Ro Primitive Forest, a virgin primitive forest is located in An Lac Commune in the Son Dong District of the province. It is a protected forest covering an area of7153 hectares (17,675.4 acre). The forest has rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. 236 species of trees, 255 tubers of valuable medical plants, 37 mammals, 73 species of birds and 18 species of reptiles (7 are considered rare and valuable) have been recorded in the forest. Many streams flow through the forest area.
Duc La Pagoda
Duc La Pagoda, located in Tri Yen Commune, Yen Dung District of the province was built in the 12th century and is well preserved. It was then the centre of the "Truc Lam Trinity" (King Tran Nhan Tong, Phap Loa and Huyen Quang monks) who established a school of Buddhist preaching and started the Truc Lam religious sect. The pagoda is set in the backdrop of the Co Tien Mountain range at the Phuong Nhon confluence. The pagoda is surrounded by an expanse of rice-fields, amidst villages and hamlets around green bamboo groves. The "99 Nham Bien Mountain range" is seen at a distance. The pagoda is built on a south-west axis and has four principal zones. The first zone has the Pagodas of Ho, Thieu Huong and Buddhists, and is deified with many images. There are two Thap Dien niches where very large statues of Thien Wong, Dia Tang and Long Than are installed. The Thien Huong Palace, adjacent to this, is an exquisite structure, which has three horizontal panels and a gilded door. The first chamber of Buddha is the architectural legacy of the Le Dynasty. The second zone is separated from the first zone by a brick yard. Within this zone is a simple building built with wooden planks and decorated with natural scenes of sky and clouds. It is the first ancestral shrine, and a panel here has the inscription "Truc Lam ho thuong" (A rendezvous of the Truc Lam Trinity) in Chinese
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
characters. This inscription is engraved above the three statues of the Truc Lam Trinity. The third zone has the two-roofed bell tower. The fourth zone is another ancestral shrine with two statues made in the architectural style of the Nguyen Dynasty. The Duc La Pagoda is also an important training centre of Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
. The pagoda also has wooden printing blocks of Buddhist sutras.
Tho Ha Communal House
The Tho Ha Communal House is located in Tho Ha Village in Viet Yen District of the province. It is an ancient communal house built during the rule of King Le Hy Tong. It is set amidst many old trees. It was Built in the form of the Chinese character cong and it is known as "the praise-giving house." It is built over a raised ground and is 27 metres (88.6 ft) long and 16 metres (52.5 ft) wide and approached from all sides by three grey stone steps. The roofs of the Communal House has an ancient crescent-shaped tiled roof that curves up like a scimitar sword blade. At the four corners, decorated with purple-burned glazed terra-cotta creatures of lion cubs are depicted. It has 22 levels engraved with dragons, clouds, and lion cubs. The communal house has 7 rooms built on 48 ironwood
Ironwood
Ironwood is a common name for a large number of woods that have a reputation for hardness. Usage of the name may include the tree that yields this wood...
pillars. The roof frame is decorated with engravings of "ladies in long dresses wearing their hair in buns or turbans, riding phoenixes and dragons or dancing over the floating clouds". Polished blue stones decorate the floor of the house. It has a wooden entrance engraved and painted in gold which gives it an ancient ambience. There is also an inscription on a stone, which says that the Tho Ha Communal House was built out of contributions made by Tho Ha villagers.
ATK2
ATK is an abbreviation of 'An Toan Khu,' which means "safe zone". It was primarily built by the Vietcong guerrillas during the war, in the period 1965-1972, against the Americans
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. This zone consists of a network of underground tunnels as defense works against any army attacks by bombs and guns. This has now been developed as a historical monument.
Other sights
Other sights of interest in the province are: The Museum dedicated to Hoàng Hoa Thám and Đồn Phồn Xương in Yên Thế
Yen The
Yên Thế is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 91,934. The district covers an area of 301 km2. The district capital lies at Bo Ha. This is the homeland of Struggle of Yên Thế's farmers...
District ;the Dinh Hương Tomb at Hiệp Hòa
Hiep Hoa
Emperor Hiệp Hòa was the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn Dynasty and reigned for four months...
, burial place of La Quý Hầu, a Le Dynasty noble and army officer; the historical region of Suối Mỡ and Đền Suối Mỡ in Lục Nam
Lục Nam
Lục Nam is a township and town and capital of Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam....
District; the Đức La Temple in Yên Dũng
Yen Dung
Yên Dũng is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 162,497. The district covers an area of 213 km²...
; the ancient fort of Xương Giang; and the Cây Dã tree, believed to be more than 1000 years old, located in Tiên Lục commune, Lạng Giang
Lang Giang
Lạng Giang is a rural district of Bac Giang province in the northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 184,956. The district covers an area of 246 km². The district capital lies at Voi...
district. Eight people are required to hold hands to span this tree's circumference.