CLCF1
Encyclopedia
Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), also known as Novel Neurotrophin-1 (NNT-1) or B cell-stimulating factor-3 (BSF-3), is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the CLCF1 gene
.
phosphorylation
of the IL-6 receptor common subunit glycoprotein 130
(gp130), leukemia inhibitory factor
receptor beta, and the transcription factor STAT3
. It has been implicated in the induction of IL-1 (via induction of corticosterone
and IL-6) and serum amyloid A
, and in B cell
hyperplasia
. This cytokine is capable of B cell activation via gp130 receptor stimulation.
belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL6) family. It is a secreted protein, found predominantly in lymph node
s and spleen
, and contains 225 amino acids with a molecular mass of 22 kDa in its mature form. IL6 family members share similarity in gene structure and have a 4-helix bundle in their protein structure. CLCF1 is closely related to other proteins called cardiotrophin-1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the CLCF1 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
CLCF1 induces tyrosineTyrosine
Tyrosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codons are UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group...
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
of the IL-6 receptor common subunit glycoprotein 130
Glycoprotein 130
Glycoprotein 130 is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of all cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of type I cytokine receptors within the IL-6 receptor family...
(gp130), leukemia inhibitory factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor
Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, an interleukin 6 class cytokine, is a protein in cells that affects cell growth and development.-Function:LIF derives its name from its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells...
receptor beta, and the transcription factor STAT3
STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 also known as STAT3 is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the STAT3 gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family...
. It has been implicated in the induction of IL-1 (via induction of corticosterone
Corticosterone
Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.-Roles:In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel, immune reactions, and stress...
and IL-6) and serum amyloid A
Serum amyloid A
Serum amyloid A proteins are a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein in plasma. Different isoforms of SAA are expressed constitutively at different levels or in response to inflammatory stimuli . These proteins are produced predominantly by the liver...
, and in B cell
B cell
B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction...
hyperplasia
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia means increase in number of cells/proliferation of cells. It may result in the gross enlargement of an organ and the term is sometimes mixed with benign neoplasia/ benign tumor....
. This cytokine is capable of B cell activation via gp130 receptor stimulation.
Structure
CLCF1 is a cytokineCytokine
Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication...
belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL6) family. It is a secreted protein, found predominantly in lymph node
Lymph node
A lymph node is a small ball or an oval-shaped organ of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach/gut and linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as...
s and spleen
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
, and contains 225 amino acids with a molecular mass of 22 kDa in its mature form. IL6 family members share similarity in gene structure and have a 4-helix bundle in their protein structure. CLCF1 is closely related to other proteins called cardiotrophin-1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor
Ciliary neurotrophic factor
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNTF gene.CNTF has also been shown to be expressed by cells on the bone surface, and to reduce the activity of bone forming cells, osteoblasts.- Satiety effects :...
.