CODEN
Encyclopedia
CODEN – according to ASTM standard E250 – is a six character, alphanumeric bibliographic code, that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of serials
and non-serial publications from all subject areas.
CODEN became particularly common in the scientific community as a citation system for periodicals cited in technical- as well in chemistry-related publications and as a search tool in many bibliographic catalogues.
, retired), was initially thought as a memory aid for the publications in his reference collection. Bishop took initial letters of words from serial titles thereby using a code, which helped him arranging the collected publications. In 1953 he published his documentation system, originally designed as a four digit CODEN system; volume and page numbers have been added, in order to cite and locate exactly an article in a magazine. Later, a variation was published 1957.
After Bishop had assigned about 4,000 CODEN, the four digit CODEN system was further developed since 1961 by Dr. Kuentzel at the American Society for Testing of Material (ASTM). He also introduced the fifth digit to CODEN. In the beginning of the computer age the CODEN was thought as a machine-readable identification system for serials. In several updates since 1963, CODEN were registered and published in the CODEN for Periodical Titles by ASTM, counting to about 128,000 at the end of 1974.
Although it was soon recognized in 1966 that a five digit CODEN would not be sufficient to provide all future serial titles with CODEN, it was still defined as a five digits code as given in ASTM standard E250 until 1972. Within the year 1976 the ASTM standard E250-76 defined a six-digit CODEN.
With beginning of the year 1975 the CODEN system was within the responsibility of the American Chemical Society
.
Today, the first four digits of the six-digit CODEN are taken from the initial letters of the words from a serial title, followed by a fifth letter, which consists of the first six letters (A–F) of the alphabet, the latter indicating from which grid the CODEN was taken. The sixth and last digit of the CODEN is a machine calculated check digit of the preceding digits, which is either numerically (2–9) or alphabetically (A–Z). CODEN always uses capital letters.
In contrast to a serial CODEN, the first two digits of a CODEN assigned to a non-serial publication (e.g. conference proceedings) are occupied with arabic numerals each. The third and fourth digit again is occupied with a letter. The fifth and sixth digit corresponds to the serial CODEN, but differs from that the fifth digit is taken from all letters of the alphabet.
In 1975 the International CODEN Service located at Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) became responsible for further development of the CODEN. The CODEN is automatically assigned to all publications referred on CAS. On request of publishers the International CODEN Service also assigns CODEN for non chemistry-related publications.
For this reason CODEN may also be found in other data bases (e.g. RTECS
, or BIOSIS), and are assigned also to serials or magazines, which are not referred in CAS.
Finding a current CODEN is now best done with the online database of CASSI (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index), covering all registered titles, CODEN, ISSN, ISBN, abbreviations for publications indexed by CAS since 1907, including serial and non-serial scientific and technical publications: http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp.
CASSI online is the replacement for CASSI als printed serial issue (ISSN 0738-6222, CODEN CASSE2), or as the Collective Index (0001-0634, CODEN CASSI6). CASSI will no longer be published in print. Only the CD-ROM issue of CASSI (ISSN 1081-1990, CODEN CACDFE) will be published furthermore.
Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a publishing format by which a single large work, most often a work of narrative fiction, is presented in contiguous installments—also known as numbers, parts, or fascicles—either issued as separate publications or appearing in sequential issues of a single periodical...
and non-serial publications from all subject areas.
CODEN became particularly common in the scientific community as a citation system for periodicals cited in technical- as well in chemistry-related publications and as a search tool in many bibliographic catalogues.
History
The CODEN, designed by Charles Bishop (Chronic Disease Research Institute at the University of Buffalo, State University of New YorkState University of New York
The State University of New York, abbreviated SUNY , is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States. It is the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States, with a total enrollment of 465,000 students, plus...
, retired), was initially thought as a memory aid for the publications in his reference collection. Bishop took initial letters of words from serial titles thereby using a code, which helped him arranging the collected publications. In 1953 he published his documentation system, originally designed as a four digit CODEN system; volume and page numbers have been added, in order to cite and locate exactly an article in a magazine. Later, a variation was published 1957.
After Bishop had assigned about 4,000 CODEN, the four digit CODEN system was further developed since 1961 by Dr. Kuentzel at the American Society for Testing of Material (ASTM). He also introduced the fifth digit to CODEN. In the beginning of the computer age the CODEN was thought as a machine-readable identification system for serials. In several updates since 1963, CODEN were registered and published in the CODEN for Periodical Titles by ASTM, counting to about 128,000 at the end of 1974.
Although it was soon recognized in 1966 that a five digit CODEN would not be sufficient to provide all future serial titles with CODEN, it was still defined as a five digits code as given in ASTM standard E250 until 1972. Within the year 1976 the ASTM standard E250-76 defined a six-digit CODEN.
With beginning of the year 1975 the CODEN system was within the responsibility of the American Chemical Society
American Chemical Society
The American Chemical Society is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 161,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical...
.
Today, the first four digits of the six-digit CODEN are taken from the initial letters of the words from a serial title, followed by a fifth letter, which consists of the first six letters (A–F) of the alphabet, the latter indicating from which grid the CODEN was taken. The sixth and last digit of the CODEN is a machine calculated check digit of the preceding digits, which is either numerically (2–9) or alphabetically (A–Z). CODEN always uses capital letters.
In contrast to a serial CODEN, the first two digits of a CODEN assigned to a non-serial publication (e.g. conference proceedings) are occupied with arabic numerals each. The third and fourth digit again is occupied with a letter. The fifth and sixth digit corresponds to the serial CODEN, but differs from that the fifth digit is taken from all letters of the alphabet.
In 1975 the International CODEN Service located at Chemical Abstracts Service
Chemical Abstracts Service
Chemical Abstracts is a periodical index that provides summaries and indexes of disclosures in recently published scientific documents. Approximately 8,000 journals, technical reports, dissertations, conference proceedings, and new books, in any of 50 languages, are monitored yearly, as are patent...
(CAS) became responsible for further development of the CODEN. The CODEN is automatically assigned to all publications referred on CAS. On request of publishers the International CODEN Service also assigns CODEN for non chemistry-related publications.
For this reason CODEN may also be found in other data bases (e.g. RTECS
RTECS
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference to the validity or usefulness of the studies reported. Until 2001 it was maintained by US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as...
, or BIOSIS), and are assigned also to serials or magazines, which are not referred in CAS.
Current sources
CODEN assigned till 1966 can be looked up at the two-volume CODEN for periodical titles issued by L.E. Kuentzel. CODEN assigned till 1974 were published by J.G. Blumenthal. CODEN assigned till 1998 and their disintegration can be found at the International CODEN Directory (ISSN 0364-3670), which has been published since 1980 as a microfiches issue.Finding a current CODEN is now best done with the online database of CASSI (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index), covering all registered titles, CODEN, ISSN, ISBN, abbreviations for publications indexed by CAS since 1907, including serial and non-serial scientific and technical publications: http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp.
CASSI online is the replacement for CASSI als printed serial issue (ISSN 0738-6222, CODEN CASSE2), or as the Collective Index (0001-0634, CODEN CASSI6). CASSI will no longer be published in print. Only the CD-ROM issue of CASSI (ISSN 1081-1990, CODEN CACDFE) will be published furthermore.
Examples
- To the journal NatureNature (journal)Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is ranked the world's most cited interdisciplinary scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports...
the CODEN »NATUAS« is assigned. - To Technology ReviewTechnology ReviewTechnology Review is a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was founded in 1899 as "The Technology Review", and was re-launched without the "The" in its name on April 23, 1998 under then publisher R. Bruce Journey...
the CODEN »TEREAU« is assigned. - The Proceedings of the International Conference on Food Factors, Chemistry and Cancer Prevention (ISBN 4-431-70196-6) uses the CODEN »66HYAL«.
- To Recent Advances in Natural Products Research, 3rd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Natural Products Research the CODEN »69ACLK« is assigned.
- US patent applications use CODEN »USXXDP«.
- German patent applications use CODEN »GWXXBX«.
See also
- ISSNInternational Standard Serial NumberAn International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication. Periodicals published in both print and electronic form may have two ISSNs, a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN...
- ISBN
- Library of Congress Control NumberLibrary of Congress Control NumberThe Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United States...
External links
- Search for CODEN using Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index: CASSI search online
- Homepage of CASSI: CASSI homepage