Cadro
Encyclopedia
Cadro is a municipality
in the district of Lugano
in the canton
of Ticino
in Switzerland
.
kings, Cadro was mentioned in connection with the Totoniden from Campione d'Italia as a Vicus
in 854. Some of the major landholders during the Middle Ages
included the monastery of S. Ambrogio
in Milan
(12th Century), the Benedictine
S. Abbondio in Como
and the Hospital of S. Maria in Lugano
(1421). The village of Dassone was originally part of Cadro, and was mentioned in 1591, but it was later, probably abandoned after a plague epidemic.
The village church of S. Agata was first mentioned in 1366 and was decorated with rich stucco
work. It was renovated in 1603 and again in the 20th Century. Until 1599, it was part of the parish
of Sonvico
, except for some households that were part of the parish of Pazzalino-Pregassona. Cardo later became an independent parish, which, until 1801, also included Davesco-Soragno.
Agricultural income was supplemented by income from emigration. In 1911 Cadro was connected to the regional railway Lugano-Cadro-Dino. Since 1960, the population has tripled, and Cadro has become a municipality in the municipal agglomeration in Lugano.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.8%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.3%. Out of the forested land, 70.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.2% is used for growing crops, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops and 9.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Lugano district at the foot of the Denti della Vecchia in the Cassarate valley. It consists of the village of Cadro.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Vert a unicorn salient argent gorged with a crown or.
Most of the population speaks Italian
(85.9%), with German
being second most common (7.2%) and Albanian
being third (1.3%). Of the Swiss national languages , 129 speak German
, 13 people speak French
, 1,543 people speak Italian
. The remainder (112 people) speak another language.
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The population was made up of 826 Swiss men (41.4% of the population), and 175 (8.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 872 Swiss women (43.7%), and 122 (6.1%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 14 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 12 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 1. There was 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 13 non-Swiss men and 7 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 18 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 23 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.1%.
The age distribution, , in Cadro is; 188 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 223 teenagers or 11.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 214 people or 10.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 241 people or 12.1% are between 30 and 39, 385 people or 19.3% are between 40 and 49, and 303 people or 15.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 242 people or 12.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 138 people or 6.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 61 people or 3.1% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 59.7% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 639 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. there were 388 single family homes (or 74.5% of the total) out of a total of 521 inhabited buildings. There were 73 two family buildings (14.0%) and 41 multi-family buildings (7.9%). There were also 19 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%. there were 774 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 248. There were 50 single room apartments and 248 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 637 apartments (82.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 134 apartments (17.3%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (0.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.1 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following timeline:
of S. Agata is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance
.
the most popular party was the SP
which received 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
(19.85%), the Ticino League
(17.23%) and the CVP
(14.79%). In the federal election, a total of 664 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
was 49.8%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 1,260 registered voters in Cadro, of which 917 or 72.8% voted. 15 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 899 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PS
which received 186 or 20.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT
(with 181 or 20.1%), the LEGA
(with 176 or 19.6%) and the SSI (with 150 or 16.7%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 9 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 906 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the LEGA which received 268 or 29.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 225 or 24.8%), the PLRT (with 165 or 18.2%) and the SSI (with 111 or 12.3%).
, there were 422 workers who commuted into the municipality and 708 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 17.3% of the workforce coming into Cadro are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.6% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 7.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.2% used a private car.
, there was one hotel in Cadro.
. There are 222 individuals (or about 12.35% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 89 individuals (or about 4.95% of the population) did not answer the question.
).
In Cadro there were a total of 341 students . The Ticino education system
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
and in Cadro there were 55 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 90 students attended the standard primary schools and 1 student attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 97 students in the two year middle school, while 49 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 16 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 29 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 4 students in the professional program.
, there were 30 students in Cadro who came from another municipality, while 195 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Lugano
Lugano (district)
The district of Lugano is a district of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. It has a population of .-Geography:The Lugano District has an area, , of . Of this area, or 15.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 66.5% is forested...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
Cadro is first mentioned in 735 as Cadelo. Under the LombardsLombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
kings, Cadro was mentioned in connection with the Totoniden from Campione d'Italia as a Vicus
Vicus
Vicus may refer to:*Vicus , plural vici, a neighborhood or local administrative unit of ancient Rome**Vicus Tuscus in Rome**Vicus Jugarius, leading into the Roman Forum** Gensis in Moesia Superior...
in 854. Some of the major landholders during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
included the monastery of S. Ambrogio
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio is a church in Milan, northern Italy.-History:One of the most ancient churches in Milan, it was built by St. Ambrose in 379-386, in an area where numerous martyrs of the Roman persecutions had been buried. The first name of the church was in fact Basilica...
in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
(12th Century), the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
S. Abbondio in Como
Como
Como is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy.It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como....
and the Hospital of S. Maria in Lugano
Lugano
Lugano is a city of inhabitants in the city proper and a total of over 145,000 people in the agglomeration/city region, in the south of Switzerland, in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, which borders Italy...
(1421). The village of Dassone was originally part of Cadro, and was mentioned in 1591, but it was later, probably abandoned after a plague epidemic.
The village church of S. Agata was first mentioned in 1366 and was decorated with rich stucco
Stucco
Stucco or render is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as decorative coating for walls and ceilings and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture...
work. It was renovated in 1603 and again in the 20th Century. Until 1599, it was part of the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Sonvico
Sonvico
Sonvico is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.-History:Sonvico is first mentioned in 1146 as Summo Vico. In 1206 it was mentioned as Somovico....
, except for some households that were part of the parish of Pazzalino-Pregassona. Cardo later became an independent parish, which, until 1801, also included Davesco-Soragno.
Agricultural income was supplemented by income from emigration. In 1911 Cadro was connected to the regional railway Lugano-Cadro-Dino. Since 1960, the population has tripled, and Cadro has become a municipality in the municipal agglomeration in Lugano.
Geography
Cadro has an area, , of 4.52 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi). Of this area, 0.69 km² (0.266410489428849 sq mi) or 15.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.28 km² (1.3 sq mi) or 72.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8 km² (0.308881726874028 sq mi) or 17.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km² (2.5 acre) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km² (7.4 acre) or 0.7% is unproductive land.Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.8%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.3%. Out of the forested land, 70.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.2% is used for growing crops, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops and 9.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Lugano district at the foot of the Denti della Vecchia in the Cassarate valley. It consists of the village of Cadro.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Vert a unicorn salient argent gorged with a crown or.
Demographics
Cadro has a population of . , 13.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 20.9%.Most of the population speaks Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
(85.9%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
being second most common (7.2%) and Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
being third (1.3%). Of the Swiss national languages , 129 speak German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, 13 people speak French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, 1,543 people speak Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
. The remainder (112 people) speak another language.
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The population was made up of 826 Swiss men (41.4% of the population), and 175 (8.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 872 Swiss women (43.7%), and 122 (6.1%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 14 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 12 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 1. There was 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 13 non-Swiss men and 7 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 18 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 23 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.1%.
The age distribution, , in Cadro is; 188 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 223 teenagers or 11.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 214 people or 10.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 241 people or 12.1% are between 30 and 39, 385 people or 19.3% are between 40 and 49, and 303 people or 15.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 242 people or 12.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 138 people or 6.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 61 people or 3.1% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 59.7% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 639 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. there were 388 single family homes (or 74.5% of the total) out of a total of 521 inhabited buildings. There were 73 two family buildings (14.0%) and 41 multi-family buildings (7.9%). There were also 19 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%. there were 774 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 248. There were 50 single room apartments and 248 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 637 apartments (82.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 134 apartments (17.3%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (0.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.1 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following timeline:
Heritage sites of national significance
The Parish ChurchParish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
of S. Agata is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.
Politics
In the 2007 federal electionSwiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
which received 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
(19.85%), the Ticino League
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...
(17.23%) and the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(14.79%). In the federal election, a total of 664 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...
was 49.8%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 1,260 registered voters in Cadro, of which 917 or 72.8% voted. 15 blank ballots and 3 null ballots were cast, leaving 899 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
which received 186 or 20.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
(with 181 or 20.1%), the LEGA
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...
(with 176 or 19.6%) and the SSI (with 150 or 16.7%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 9 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 906 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the LEGA which received 268 or 29.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 225 or 24.8%), the PLRT (with 165 or 18.2%) and the SSI (with 111 or 12.3%).
Economy
, Cadro had an unemployment rate of 2.87%. , there were 16 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 89 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 20 businesses in this sector. 362 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 44 businesses in this sector. There were 933 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 33.8% of the workforce., there were 422 workers who commuted into the municipality and 708 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 17.3% of the workforce coming into Cadro are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.6% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 7.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.2% used a private car.
, there was one hotel in Cadro.
Religion
From the , 1,358 or 75.6% were Roman Catholic, while 128 or 7.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. There are 222 individuals (or about 12.35% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 89 individuals (or about 4.95% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Cadro about 73.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
In Cadro there were a total of 341 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
and in Cadro there were 55 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 90 students attended the standard primary schools and 1 student attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 97 students in the two year middle school, while 49 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 16 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 29 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 4 students in the professional program.
, there were 30 students in Cadro who came from another municipality, while 195 residents attended schools outside the municipality.