Cal State LA Solar Car Team
Encyclopedia
The Cal State LA Solar Car Team is an engineering team from California State University, Los Angeles
. The team develops the Solar Eagle, a series of solar cars that have taken part in solar car races
in the United States and in Australia.
The Solar Eagle is a world-class, solar powered car designed and built by the Cal State L.A. School of Engineering & Technology students, faculty and staff.
In July, the Solar Eagle placed fourth in the 1,643 mile GM Sunrayce. California's number one solar car finished ahead of 28 other colleges and universities including such prestigious institutions as MIT and Stanford.
The team's out-standing capabilities will be further demonstrated at the November 1990 World Solar Challenge in Australia.
Results from the GM Sunrayce
Overall finish: Fourth place
Daily race results: First place (twice),
Second place (once),
Third place (3 times)
Solar Eagle was the only car having no mechanical or electrical failures during the 1,643 mile race.
Department of Energy Awards:
First place for "Best Artistic Design" ($500),
Second place for "Innovation in Power Train Design" ($800), Third place for "Teamwork" ($600)
Society of Automotive Engineers Award:
Fifth place for "Engineering Design and Safety"
Other Honors
Engineering Excellence Award: Unique Mobility, Inc.
The Governor's Energy Award: State of Florida
Team Honored by Los Angeles City Council, August 10, 1990
Nationally televised appearance on Into the Night, Starring Rick Dees, August 15, 1990
Team Honored by Department of Water and Power Board of Commissioners, August 23, 1990
City of Los Angeles, Mayor Tom Bradley: Commendation
Board of Directors, City of Pasadena: Commendation
City of Alhambra, Mayor Barbara Messina: Commendation
City of Monterey Park, Mayor Judy Chu: Commendation
U.S. Senator Pete Wilson: Commendation
U.S. Congressman Matthew G. Martinez: Congressional Award
Car Specifications Length: 6 meters
Width: 2 meters
Height: 1 meter
Weight: 459 pounds (without driver)
Drag Coefficient: 0.123
Frame: Welded 6061 T6 aluminum alloy tubing (Weight=23 pounds)
Body: Carbon fiber/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar panel: Fiberglass/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar cells: 8,945 Spectrolab K7 single-crystal silicon space quality cells
Motor: Unique Mobility, Inc. DC brushless motor
Batteries: Eagle-Picher
silver-zinc batteries; 120 volt nominal buss voltage; 4 kW-hr total capacity at C20 rate
World Solar Challenge Start: Darwin, Australia
Finish: Adelaide, Australia Distance: 1,900 miles
Date: November 11, 1990
Entries: 40 cars from 9 countries (13 Australia, 11 Japan, 9 United States)
In June of 1993, the Solar Eagle II placed third in the 1000 mile SUNRAYCE 93 — a cross-country race from Dallas, Texas to Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Solar Eagle II started the race in the pole position having qualified with the fastest time. Solar Eagle II finished ahead of 33 other universities including such prestigious institutions as Stanford, George Washington University and UC Berkeley. The car and team were honored with a second place award in Technical Innovation for Chassis Design, Propulsion and Aerodynamic Systems by the SUNRAYCE 93 judges and they received a third place award from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for Design Excellence in Engineering Safety. In November of 1993, the Solar Eagle II gained international recognition by placing thirteenth out of a fifty-four car field, and became the fourth U.S. team to cross the finish line at the 1993 World Solar Challenge, a grueling 1,882 mile race across the Australian outback.
Cal State L.A. was selected as one of 30 universities granted entry in the SUNRAYCE 95 competition and work will soon begin revamping the Solar Eagle II for that event.
Major Corporate and Government Agency Sponsors
• AB2766 - Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee
• Automobile Club of South-ern California
• Caltrans
• Hewlett-Packard Company
• Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
• MacNeal-Schwe-Corporation
• NASA Langley: Center
• Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc.
• Society for the Avancment of Materia Process Engines. (SAMPE)
• South Coast Air Quality Management District
• Southern California Edison
• TRW
Vehicle Technical Specifications
Length: 16 feet
Width: 6.1 feet
Height: 3.3 feet
Weight: 360 pounds (without driver and batteries)
Structure: Welded aluminum space frame with carbon fiber composite battery box and underneath pan to provide shear and torsional strength.
Body: Carbon fiber skin with Rohacell structural foam core.
Solar power system: 754 single crystal BP Saturn cells (3.7" x 3/8") on top; 824 quarter-size cut cells on vehicle sides. Cerium doped and antireflective
Solar Eagle III is the third chapter in Cal State L.A.'s exciting trilogy of solar-powered electric vehicle design projects. Engineered by students under the guidance of faculty and staff, the Solar Eagle III represents the culmination of learning, trial and redesign gleaned from the University's first two solar race cars, the Solar Eagle and the Solar Eagle II.
On Saturday, June 28, 1997, the Solar Eagle III won the prestigious Sunrayce 97, the national intercollegiate solar car race, crossing the Colorado Springs finish line under fittingly sunny skies. Setting a Sunrayce record for average speed of 43.29 mph, Cal State L.A. finished nearly 20 minutes ahead of second-place Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The combined team of Stanford University/UC Berkeley finished third. Texas A&M, whose team used the molds from Cal State L.A.'s Solar Eagle II to build their entry, the MACH V, finished fourth.
Solar Eagle III's first-place finish at Colorado Springs marked the end of ten days of exciting intercollegiate solar car racing. Throughout the competition, Cal State L.A., MIT and Stanford/ UC Berkeley jockeyed in the top three positions. In the end, good design and solid engineering won the race: the beautifully built Solar Eagle III never broke down during the entire 1,230 mile course the only competitor in the Sunrayce to earn this distinction. (The car never even had a flat tire.)
The Solar Eagle III's technical specifications, described below, give the blueprint for a national champion — a world-class, space-age solar vehicle, meticulously refined and built on the successes of its first two solar cars, Solar Eagle and Solar Eagle II.
Technical Specifications
Overall standings for Sunrayce 97
Books
California State University, Los Angeles
California State University, Los Angeles is a public comprehensive university, part of the California State University system...
. The team develops the Solar Eagle, a series of solar cars that have taken part in solar car races
Solar car racing
Solar car racing refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car . The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe, USA and Australia...
in the United States and in Australia.
Solar Eagle
- 1990: Solar Eagle - GM Sunrayce USA: 4th place.
- 1990: Solar Eagle - World Solar ChallengeWorld Solar ChallengeThe World Solar Challenge is a solar-powered car race which covers through the Australian Outback, from Darwin to Adelaide.The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations although some are fielded by high schools...
: 10rd place. - Now on display at Cal State LA.
The Solar Eagle is a world-class, solar powered car designed and built by the Cal State L.A. School of Engineering & Technology students, faculty and staff.
In July, the Solar Eagle placed fourth in the 1,643 mile GM Sunrayce. California's number one solar car finished ahead of 28 other colleges and universities including such prestigious institutions as MIT and Stanford.
The team's out-standing capabilities will be further demonstrated at the November 1990 World Solar Challenge in Australia.
Results from the GM Sunrayce
Overall finish: Fourth place
Daily race results: First place (twice),
Second place (once),
Third place (3 times)
Solar Eagle was the only car having no mechanical or electrical failures during the 1,643 mile race.
Department of Energy Awards:
First place for "Best Artistic Design" ($500),
Second place for "Innovation in Power Train Design" ($800), Third place for "Teamwork" ($600)
Society of Automotive Engineers Award:
Fifth place for "Engineering Design and Safety"
Other Honors
Engineering Excellence Award: Unique Mobility, Inc.
The Governor's Energy Award: State of Florida
Team Honored by Los Angeles City Council, August 10, 1990
Nationally televised appearance on Into the Night, Starring Rick Dees, August 15, 1990
Team Honored by Department of Water and Power Board of Commissioners, August 23, 1990
City of Los Angeles, Mayor Tom Bradley: Commendation
Board of Directors, City of Pasadena: Commendation
City of Alhambra, Mayor Barbara Messina: Commendation
City of Monterey Park, Mayor Judy Chu: Commendation
U.S. Senator Pete Wilson: Commendation
U.S. Congressman Matthew G. Martinez: Congressional Award
Car Specifications Length: 6 meters
Width: 2 meters
Height: 1 meter
Weight: 459 pounds (without driver)
Drag Coefficient: 0.123
Frame: Welded 6061 T6 aluminum alloy tubing (Weight=23 pounds)
Body: Carbon fiber/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar panel: Fiberglass/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar cells: 8,945 Spectrolab K7 single-crystal silicon space quality cells
Motor: Unique Mobility, Inc. DC brushless motor
Batteries: Eagle-Picher
Eagle-Picher
Eagle-Picher Corporation is a privately held, American, manufacturing and resource extractive company known for its storage battery technology. It was founded in 1842 as a paint manufacturing firm using the name Eagle White Lead, and became Eagle-Picher Lead in 1916 with its merger with a lead...
silver-zinc batteries; 120 volt nominal buss voltage; 4 kW-hr total capacity at C20 rate
World Solar Challenge Start: Darwin, Australia
Finish: Adelaide, Australia Distance: 1,900 miles
Date: November 11, 1990
Entries: 40 cars from 9 countries (13 Australia, 11 Japan, 9 United States)
| Student | Faculty | Staff |
|---|---|---|
| Derrick Hamilton Student team leader/Race logistics and strategy |
Richard Roberto, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Adviser and Chief Engineer |
Dan Roberto, Mechanical technician Chief Machinist/ Mechanical Systems |
| Richard Benavides Solar panel assembly |
Raymond B. Landis, Dean of Engineering and Technology Fund-raising/Public relations |
Mike Obermeyer, Electrical technician Power electronic assembly |
| Robert Diefenbach Batteries—Telemetry instrumentation |
Chivey Wu, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Aerodynamics |
Michael Hackleman Technician Solar panel assembly/System design support |
| Scott Downer Lead engineer/ power electronics |
Steve Felszeghy, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Structural analysis/Race strategy |
Elissa Schrader, Department of Mechanical Engineering Logistical support |
| Kevin Ear Solar panel assembly |
Le Tang, Professor of Technology Power electronics |
|
| Chris Enriquez Driver/Mechanical systems |
||
| Ricardo Espinosa Driver/Mechanical systems |
||
| Armando Garcia Solar panel assembly |
||
| Hlda Gomez Power Electronics Assembly |
||
| Nader Lotfy Batteries/Telemetry instrumentation |
||
| Harry Mkhitarian Motor and controller |
||
| Chris Miller Body fabrication |
||
| Kitty Rodden Aerodynamics |
||
| Jeff Silverstone Chief driver/ Mechanical systems |
||
| Gwan The Driver/Body fabrication |
||
| Robert Tsai Mechanical systems |
||
| Suchon Tsaowimonsiri Mechanical systems |
Solar Eagle II
- 1993: Solar Eagle II - GM Sunrayce USA: 3rd place;
- 1993: Solar Eagle II - World Solar ChallengeWorld Solar ChallengeThe World Solar Challenge is a solar-powered car race which covers through the Australian Outback, from Darwin to Adelaide.The race attracts teams from around the world, most of which are fielded by universities or corporations although some are fielded by high schools...
: 13th place. - Now on display at the California Science CenterCalifornia Science CenterThe California Science Center is a state agency and museum located in Exposition Park, Los Angeles. Billed as the West Coast's largest hands-on science center, the California ScienCenter is a public-private partnership between the State and the California Science Center Foundation...
in Los Angeles.
In June of 1993, the Solar Eagle II placed third in the 1000 mile SUNRAYCE 93 — a cross-country race from Dallas, Texas to Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Solar Eagle II started the race in the pole position having qualified with the fastest time. Solar Eagle II finished ahead of 33 other universities including such prestigious institutions as Stanford, George Washington University and UC Berkeley. The car and team were honored with a second place award in Technical Innovation for Chassis Design, Propulsion and Aerodynamic Systems by the SUNRAYCE 93 judges and they received a third place award from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for Design Excellence in Engineering Safety. In November of 1993, the Solar Eagle II gained international recognition by placing thirteenth out of a fifty-four car field, and became the fourth U.S. team to cross the finish line at the 1993 World Solar Challenge, a grueling 1,882 mile race across the Australian outback.
Cal State L.A. was selected as one of 30 universities granted entry in the SUNRAYCE 95 competition and work will soon begin revamping the Solar Eagle II for that event.
Major Corporate and Government Agency Sponsors
• AB2766 - Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee
• Automobile Club of South-ern California
• Caltrans
• Hewlett-Packard Company
• Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
• MacNeal-Schwe-Corporation
• NASA Langley: Center
• Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc.
• Society for the Avancment of Materia Process Engines. (SAMPE)
• South Coast Air Quality Management District
• Southern California Edison
• TRW
Vehicle Technical Specifications
Length: 16 feet
Width: 6.1 feet
Height: 3.3 feet
Weight: 360 pounds (without driver and batteries)
Structure: Welded aluminum space frame with carbon fiber composite battery box and underneath pan to provide shear and torsional strength.
Body: Carbon fiber skin with Rohacell structural foam core.
Solar power system: 754 single crystal BP Saturn cells (3.7" x 3/8") on top; 824 quarter-size cut cells on vehicle sides. Cerium doped and antireflective
| Student | Faculty | Staff |
|---|---|---|
| Rick Aguilera mechanical systems |
Richard Roberto, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Adviser and Chief Engineer |
Dan Roberto, Mechanical technician Chief Machinist/ Mechanical Systems |
| Dane Atol mechanical systems |
Raymond B. Landis, Dean of Engineering and Technology Fund-raising/Public relations |
Mike Obermeyer, Electrical technician Power electronic assembly |
| Roland Cerna mechanical systems; alternative driver |
Chivey Wu, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Aerodynamics |
Michael Hackleman Technician Solar panel assembly/System design support |
| Scott Downer Lead engineer/ power electronics |
Steve Felszeghy, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Structural analysis/Race strategy |
Elissa Schrader, Department of Mechanical Engineering Logistical support |
| Kevin Ear Solar panel assembly |
Le Tang, Professor of Technology Power electronics |
|
| Chris Enriquez Driver/Mechanical systems |
||
| Ricardo Espinosa Driver/Mechanical systems |
||
| Armando Garcia Solar panel assembly |
||
| Hlda Gomez Power Electronics Assembly |
||
| Nader Lotfy Batteries/Telemetry instrumentation |
||
| Harry Mkhitarian Motor and controller |
||
| John Aventino Body fabrication |
||
| Chris Miller Body fabrication |
||
| Kitty Rodden Aerodynamics |
||
| Jeff Silverstone Chief driver/ Mechanical systems |
||
| Gwan The Driver/Body fabrication |
||
| Robert Tsai Mechanical systems |
||
| Suchon Tsaowimonsiri Mechanical systems |
Solar Eagle III
- 1997: Solar Eagle III - GM Sunrayce USA: 1st place.
- Now on display at Cal State LA.
Solar Eagle III is the third chapter in Cal State L.A.'s exciting trilogy of solar-powered electric vehicle design projects. Engineered by students under the guidance of faculty and staff, the Solar Eagle III represents the culmination of learning, trial and redesign gleaned from the University's first two solar race cars, the Solar Eagle and the Solar Eagle II.
On Saturday, June 28, 1997, the Solar Eagle III won the prestigious Sunrayce 97, the national intercollegiate solar car race, crossing the Colorado Springs finish line under fittingly sunny skies. Setting a Sunrayce record for average speed of 43.29 mph, Cal State L.A. finished nearly 20 minutes ahead of second-place Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The combined team of Stanford University/UC Berkeley finished third. Texas A&M, whose team used the molds from Cal State L.A.'s Solar Eagle II to build their entry, the MACH V, finished fourth.
Solar Eagle III's first-place finish at Colorado Springs marked the end of ten days of exciting intercollegiate solar car racing. Throughout the competition, Cal State L.A., MIT and Stanford/ UC Berkeley jockeyed in the top three positions. In the end, good design and solid engineering won the race: the beautifully built Solar Eagle III never broke down during the entire 1,230 mile course the only competitor in the Sunrayce to earn this distinction. (The car never even had a flat tire.)
The Solar Eagle III's technical specifications, described below, give the blueprint for a national champion — a world-class, space-age solar vehicle, meticulously refined and built on the successes of its first two solar cars, Solar Eagle and Solar Eagle II.
Technical Specifications
- Weight: 427 pounds (without driver and batteries)
- Length: 19.2 feet
- Width: 6.3 feet
- Height: 3.1 feet
- Rolling Chassis: carbon fiber monocoque structure
- Body and Solar Panel: carbon fiber skin with Nomex honeycomb core Solar Cells: 762 terrestrial grade silicon cells (4.05" x 3.94") by Siemens wired in four parallel strings
- Panel Voltage: 85-volts peak string voltage
- Tire Rolling Resistance: .0045
- Drag Coefficient: .15
- Wheel Base: 104 inches
- Wheels and Tires: wheels have composite centers with aluminum rims; tires are Bridgestone Ecopia
- Brakes and Suspension: front brakes are mechanical hydraulic; regenerative rear brakes. Suspension is double A-arm in the front and swing arm in the rear
- Batteries: 108-volt system with nine 12-volt batteries by U.S. Battery Manufacturing Company; weight-307 lbs
- Motor System: two interchangeable motor systems: 1.) Wheel motor (NGM-SC-M100) and controller (NGM-SC-C100) by New Generation Motor Corporation and 2.) DC Brushleiss motor (BRLS8) and controller (110H) by Solectria Corporation with belt drive
Overall standings for Sunrayce 97
- Cal State L.A.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Stanford University/UC Berkeley
- Texas A&M University
- Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology University of Michigan
- University of Waterloo, Canada
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Yale University
- Queen's University,, Canada
- University of Minnesota
- Messiah College
- The University- of Western Ontario, Canada
- University of Illinois
- University of Pennsylvania
- Western Michigan University
- University of Missouri-Rolla
- Ohio State University
- University of North Dakota
- Mankato and Winona State Universities
- New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology
- United States Military Academy
- McGill University, Canada
- Kansas State University
- Columbus State Community College
- Iowa State University
- California State University, Long Beach
- Drexel University
- Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Canada
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Principia College
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
- Auburn University
- Purdue University
- University of New Orleans
- George Washington University
| Student | Faculty | Staff |
|---|---|---|
| Rick Aguilera | Richard Roberto, Professor of Mechanical Engineering (chief faculty adviser) |
Mike Obermeyer Electrical Systems Design |
| Dane Atol | Stephen F. Felszeghy Professor of Mechanical Engineering |
Dan Roberto Mechanical Engineering Technician |
| Ivan Bejar | Raymond Landis Dean of Engineering and Technology |
Bruce Fischer Technical Support Manager |
| Roland Cerna | Kathy Lex School Fiscal Manager |
|
| Salvador Fallorino | ||
| Kathleen Hansen | ||
| Stanley Palmer | ||
| Ricardo Solares | ||
| Roman Vasquez III (lead driver) |
||
| Mark Van Dalm | ||
| Dylan Wakasa (driver) |
Publications
The team has been featured in the following local, national, and international media:Books
- Sunracing Richard James King, Melissa King, J. Ward Phillips
- Studying Engineering A Road Map to a Rewarding Career, Raymond B. Landis