Caldiero
Encyclopedia
Caldiero is a comune
(municipality) in the Province of Verona
in the Italian
region Veneto
, located about 90 km west of Venice
and about 15 km east of Verona
.
Caldiero borders the following municipalities: Belfiore, Colognola ai Colli
, Lavagno
, San Martino Buon Albergo
, and Zevio
.
as Calidarium, stemming from its thermal baths. Later it was held by the bishops of Verona who, in 1206, sold it to the commune. In 1233 Ezzelino III da Romano
destroyed the castle. Later Caldiero was held by the Scaliger
s, the Nogarola counts, the Visconti
and then by the Republic of Venice
Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Caldiero during the French Revolutionary Wars
and Napoleonic Wars
. These actions occurred on 12 November 1796
, on 29–31 October 1805, on 29–30 April 1809
, and on 15 November 1813
. All the battles were fought between France and Austria. In 1796, the Austrians repelled a French attack; in 1805, both sides claimed victory; in 1809, the Austrians repulsed French attacks but retreated the next day; in 1813, the French drove back the Austrians.
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
(municipality) in the Province of Verona
Province of Verona
The Province of Verona is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Verona.-Overview:The province has an area of 3,109 km², and a total population of 912,981...
in the Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
region Veneto
Veneto
Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
, located about 90 km west of Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
and about 15 km east of Verona
Verona
Verona ; German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of North-Eastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona...
.
Caldiero borders the following municipalities: Belfiore, Colognola ai Colli
Colognola ai Colli
Colognola ai Colli is a comune in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 km west of Venice and about 15 km east of Verona....
, Lavagno
Lavagno
Lavagno is a comune in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 km west of Venice and about 12 km east of Verona...
, San Martino Buon Albergo
San Martino Buon Albergo
San Martino Buon Albergo is a comune in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 km west of Venice and about 9 km east of Verona....
, and Zevio
Zevio
Zevio is a comune in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 km west of Venice and about 14 km southeast of Verona...
.
History
Caldiero was known in ancient Roman timesAncient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
as Calidarium, stemming from its thermal baths. Later it was held by the bishops of Verona who, in 1206, sold it to the commune. In 1233 Ezzelino III da Romano
Ezzelino III da Romano
Ezzelino III da Romano was an Italian feudal lord in the March of Treviso who was a close ally of the emperor Frederick II and ruled Verona, Vicenza and Padua for almost two decades...
destroyed the castle. Later Caldiero was held by the Scaliger
Scaliger
The noble family of the Scaliger were Lords of Verona. When Ezzelino III was elected podestà of the commune in 1226, he was able to convert the office into a permanent lordship...
s, the Nogarola counts, the Visconti
House of Visconti
Visconti is the family name of two important Italian noble dynasties of the Middle Ages. There are two distinct Visconti families: The first one in the Republic of Pisa in the mid twelfth century who achieved prominence first in Pisa, then in Sardinia where they became rulers of Gallura...
and then by the Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
Several battles were fought in the vicinity of Caldiero during the French Revolutionary Wars
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states...
and Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
. These actions occurred on 12 November 1796
Battle of Caldiero (1796)
In the Battle of Caldiero on 12 November 1796, a Habsburg Austrian army led by Jozsef Alvinczi fought a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte. The French assaulted the Austrian positions, which were initially held by the army advance guard under Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of...
, on 29–31 October 1805, on 29–30 April 1809
Battle of Caldiero (1809)
In the Battle of Caldiero or Battle of Soave or Battle of Castelcerino from 27 to 30 April 1809, an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria defended against a Franco-Italian army headed by Eugène de Beauharnais, the Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy...
, and on 15 November 1813
Battle of Caldiero (1813)
The Battle of Caldiero on 15 November 1813 saw an army of the First French Empire under Eugène de Beauharnais opposed to an Austrian Empire army led by Johann von Hiller. Eugène, who was the Viceroy of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy inflicted a defeat on Hiller's troops, driving them from Caldiero...
. All the battles were fought between France and Austria. In 1796, the Austrians repelled a French attack; in 1805, both sides claimed victory; in 1809, the Austrians repulsed French attacks but retreated the next day; in 1813, the French drove back the Austrians.