Camille Papin Tissot
Encyclopedia
Camille Papin Tissot (15 October 1868 – 2 October 1917), was a pioneer of wireless telegraphy
and established the first French operational radio connections at sea.
in the French Navy
. His mother, Adeline Alexandrine Gérardin was born in Brest
in 1831. They married on 3 November 1866.
On 9 April 1867, the first male child of the Tissot couple was born, but died suddenly two years later. Camille Papin Tissot was their second child, born on 15 October 1868. Their third child, Esther Adèle Tissot, was born on April 1, 1872. The two surviving children, Camille and Esther, were primarily raised by their mother, as their father was often at sea.
He learned navigation on the school ship Le Borda
until 1886, and was then posted to the port of Brest. In the first years of his career in the navy, he was successively posted to various school ships and warships, finally on the cruiser "Coetlogon". He then turned to shore duty as of January 23, 1891. He agreed to temporarily occupy one of the teaching positions in physics
and chemistry
of the naval school, made vacant by the absence of its holder. He stayed on for 21 years as professor in École Navale
. The passion of sciences having been transmitted him by his father, he obtained the ranks of Bachelor of the Physical sciences and laid off Mathematical Sciences during its active service. It was as professor in École Navale
that he became devoted to the study of the electric oscillations and their application in the maritime field.
Tissot acquired ranks during his various assignments:
This last promotion is exceptional for a sailor who practically never sailed, and it was due to the importance of the work undertaken by Tissot for the Navy.
, very committed member of Parliament and future founder of French Communist Party
in 1920. They had one daughter (Camille).
He wrote three detailed works: Mémoire de thèse de Doctorat sur la résonance des antennes (1905). Memory of thesis of Doctorate on the resonance of the antennas. Traité sur les oscillations électriques (1906) Treaty on the electric oscillations. Manuel de TSF théorique et pratique (1912), Handbook of theoretical and practical TSF (1912), republished until 1932 (6th edition). books written by Camille Tissot.
He is also the author of many articles of popularization of radio in international scientific reviews, and will give very many conferences on the subject. Although not a member, he intervenes regularly in front of the Academy of the sciences . He received several prizes and rewards of the Academy.
Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/JRPROC.1918.217352
Wireless telegraphy
Wireless telegraphy is a historical term used today to apply to early radio telegraph communications techniques and practices, particularly those used during the first three decades of radio before the term radio came into use....
and established the first French operational radio connections at sea.
Origins
Tissot's father, Pierre Tissot, was born in Vauvert in Gard in 1823, and worked as a mechanicMechanic
A mechanic is a craftsman or technician who uses tools to build or repair machinery.Many mechanics are specialized in a particular field such as auto mechanics, bicycle mechanics, motorcycle mechanics, boiler mechanics, general mechanics, industrial maintenance mechanics , air conditioning and...
in the French Navy
French Navy
The French Navy, officially the Marine nationale and often called La Royale is the maritime arm of the French military. It includes a full range of fighting vessels, from patrol boats to a nuclear powered aircraft carrier and 10 nuclear-powered submarines, four of which are capable of launching...
. His mother, Adeline Alexandrine Gérardin was born in Brest
Brest, France
Brest is a city in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France. Located in a sheltered position not far from the western tip of the Breton peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon...
in 1831. They married on 3 November 1866.
On 9 April 1867, the first male child of the Tissot couple was born, but died suddenly two years later. Camille Papin Tissot was their second child, born on 15 October 1868. Their third child, Esther Adèle Tissot, was born on April 1, 1872. The two surviving children, Camille and Esther, were primarily raised by their mother, as their father was often at sea.
Naval career
Recommended by his father, Camille Tissot entered the naval college at Brest in 1884 when he was 16 years old.He learned navigation on the school ship Le Borda
French ship Borda
Five ships of the French Navy have born the name Borda in honour of Jean-Charles de Borda:* A 10-gun brig * The Borda , a 110-gun ship of the line* The Borda , a 120-gun ship of the line...
until 1886, and was then posted to the port of Brest. In the first years of his career in the navy, he was successively posted to various school ships and warships, finally on the cruiser "Coetlogon". He then turned to shore duty as of January 23, 1891. He agreed to temporarily occupy one of the teaching positions in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
and chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
of the naval school, made vacant by the absence of its holder. He stayed on for 21 years as professor in École Navale
École Navale
The École Navale is the French Naval Academy in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy.The academy was founded in 1830 by the order of King Louis-Philippe...
. The passion of sciences having been transmitted him by his father, he obtained the ranks of Bachelor of the Physical sciences and laid off Mathematical Sciences during its active service. It was as professor in École Navale
École Navale
The École Navale is the French Naval Academy in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy.The academy was founded in 1830 by the order of King Louis-Philippe...
that he became devoted to the study of the electric oscillations and their application in the maritime field.
Tissot acquired ranks during his various assignments:
- August 1, 1886: AspirantAspirantAspirant is a military rank in the Canadian Navy, French military, Brazilian military, Romanian Navy and Polish Police.-Canadian Navy:Similar to the French usage, the Canadian Navy uses the French-language rank of "Aspirant de marine" to denote a junior officer under training. The same rank in the...
of second class, - October 5, 1887: AspirantAspirantAspirant is a military rank in the Canadian Navy, French military, Brazilian military, Romanian Navy and Polish Police.-Canadian Navy:Similar to the French usage, the Canadian Navy uses the French-language rank of "Aspirant de marine" to denote a junior officer under training. The same rank in the...
of first class, - October 5, 1889: Enseigne de vaisseau,
- August 22, 1896: Lieutenant de vaisseau,
- April 19, 1912: Capitaine de frégate,
This last promotion is exceptional for a sailor who practically never sailed, and it was due to the importance of the work undertaken by Tissot for the Navy.
Marriage
In 1894 Camille Tissot met and married Jeanne Emma Stapfer, a 20 year old woman of an Alsacienne family who moved to Brest in 1870. He nominally converted to the Catholic religion at the request of his father-in-law, although his own beliefs were socialist and atheist. Among the guests at his wedding were Albert Turpain and Marcel CachinMarcel Cachin
Marcel Cachin was a French politician.In 1891, Cachin joined Jules Guesde French Workers' Party . In 1905, he joined the new French Section of the Workers' International and won election to the Chamber of Deputies representing the Seine in 1914...
, very committed member of Parliament and future founder of French Communist Party
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism.Although its electoral support has declined in recent decades, the PCF retains a large membership, behind only that of the Union for a Popular Movement , and considerable influence in French...
in 1920. They had one daughter (Camille).
Work
- As of the year 1896, whereas work of Lodge and of MarconiGuglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor, known as the father of long distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio, and indeed he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand...
concerning wireless telegraphyWireless telegraphyWireless telegraphy is a historical term used today to apply to early radio telegraph communications techniques and practices, particularly those used during the first three decades of radio before the term radio came into use....
still is known very little, Tissot takes again the theories of HertzHertzThe hertz is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications....
and the experiments of BranlyEdouard BranlyÉdouard Eugène Désiré Branly was a French inventor, physicist and professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris. He is primarily known for his early involvement in wireless telegraphy and his invention of the Branly coherer around 1890.-Biography:The coherer was the first widely used detector for...
and PopovAlexander Stepanovich PopovAlexander Stepanovich Popov was a Russian physicist who was the first person to demonstrate the practical application of electromagnetic waves....
to continue, on "BORDERED", of parallel and independent research. It builds itself its material of radio with the assistance of E. Branly and of the manufacturer Eugene Ducretet for whom it will develop apparatuses.
- The August 3, 1898, in the presence of the Minister for the Navy, it establishes the first radio connection operational French at sea: 800 meters between "BORDERED" and the semaphore of the Park to the Dukes with Brest. Convinced, the Minister prescribes on August 6 with the wearing of Brest, to finance in Tissot the purchase of material to allow him to continue his tests.
- With these apparatuses, Camille Tissot goes up in 1899 a large trial run and ensures of the communications by Hertzian waves, initially between various points of the roads of Brest and the church Saint Martin, then to the island Vierge (PlouguerneauPlouguerneauPlouguerneau is a commune in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France.-International relations:It is twinned with a number of villages in South East Cornwall, England, including:* St Germans* Tideford-Population:...
) and Stiff (UshantUshantUshant is an island at the south-western end of the English Channel which marks the north-westernmost point of metropolitan France. It belongs to Brittany and is in the traditional region of Bro-Leon. Administratively, Ushant is a commune in the Finistère department...
).
- In 1898 also, it establishes the radio operator contact between the island of Ouessant and it unintermitting, creating, in fact, the first station of radio which was installed in France. This station will become UshantUshantUshant is an island at the south-western end of the English Channel which marks the north-westernmost point of metropolitan France. It belongs to Brittany and is in the traditional region of Bro-Leon. Administratively, Ushant is a commune in the Finistère department...
radio station, indicative FFU (station French Fixe of Ushant), active until in 1943 then moved with Le ConquetLe ConquetLe Conquet is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.-Geography:Le Conquet is a fishing port in the northwest of Brittany...
after the war.
- In 1899, Tissot publishes in the bulletin of work of the officers a report/ratio of a remarkable historical interest, in which it describes its work and experiments through the roads of Brest. It issues reserves, on several occasions, on the quality of certain work of Marconi. With l`époque of the writing of this report/ratio, his radio set as an operational means of communication 18 months do not even have…
- In 1900, Tissot equips the French Navy with its first radio apparatus.
- In 1902, the station UshantUshantUshant is an island at the south-western end of the English Channel which marks the north-westernmost point of metropolitan France. It belongs to Brittany and is in the traditional region of Bro-Leon. Administratively, Ushant is a commune in the Finistère department...
TSF with a radio operator receiver with coherer and an arc transmitter with two balls. This station with a range radio telegraphy of 80 kilometers with a fleet of 14 ships at sea and with Brest, FranceBrest, FranceBrest is a city in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France. Located in a sheltered position not far from the western tip of the Breton peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon...
.
- As of 1904: the Ouessant radio station with the indicatif one radio FFULe Conquet radioLe Conquet radio or FFU was a French maritime radio station located on the island of Ushant. The station was established in 1904, by the French Administration of Posts and Telegraphs, as a result of the work by wireless telegraphy pioneer Camille Papin Tissot...
(since Stiff), carries out radiotelegraphic connections on wavelengthWavelengthIn physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.It is usually determined by considering the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase, such as crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a...
of 600 meters with one fleet of 80 Passengers shipsPassenger shipA passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is...
.
- From 1905, Tissot makes very thorough studies on the detection of the radio operator signals. The files of Tissot and its books of experiments let think that it is that which pushed further the tests in this field in France.
- In 1907, following these tests, Tissot shows the possibility of using it radio to transmit a time signal and to regulate the stop watches of the ships at sea.
- It seizes the January 22, 1908, it Bureau des LongitudesBureau des LongitudesThe Bureau des Longitudes is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks...
of a proposal for a creation of the daily service of emission of these signals since Eiffel TowerEiffel TowerThe Eiffel Tower is a puddle iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world...
. This office proceeds to the installation of this service as from May 23, 1910. This system will be then extended to the transmission of longitudes.
- In 1907, Tissot conceives, with F Pellin, one receptor with crystal without tiresome adjustment to receive these signals aboard tradind ships.
- In 1911, its technical expertise is required by a committee of French industrialists carried out by E Girardeau, during the series of lawsuits which oppose Marconi and the French industry of the radioelectric TSF:la French company and the radioelectric general company. With the occasion of these lawsuits, Tissot and Férrié will in particular seek to show certain faults of patent 77777 of Marconi, but also the anteriority of experiments of certain French scientists, like Eugene Ducretet. Marconi gains the lawsuit in first authority against the sfr and the cgr, but this decision of court which gave the right to marconi to require the replacement of the French material by material of the wireless company, will never be applied in France. Since in 1914, Marconi sees itself débouté definitively of his request.
- During the war, Tissot makes several stays with BizerteBizerteBizerte or Benzert , is the capital city of Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia and the northernmost city in Africa. It has a population of 230,879 .-History:...
, to equip out of radio with cargos coal used by the army, and works at the same time on the listening of the noises radiated by underwaterUnderwaterUnderwater is a term describing the realm below the surface of water where the water exists in a natural feature such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river. Three quarters of the planet Earth is covered by water...
in the sea.
- The Commander Tissot dies brutally in October 1917, of disease.
- Declared death for French by the president Raymond PoincaréRaymond PoincaréRaymond Poincaré was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Poincaré was a conservative leader primarily committed to political and social stability...
, it rests with the military square of the cemetery of ArcachonArcachonArcachon is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.It is a popular bathing location on the Atlantic coast southwest of Bordeaux in the Landes forest...
. He was an Officer of the Legion of Honor, and Officer of the State education.
Other
- Several publications and works describe work of Camille Tissot:
- It is in Camille Tissot that returns the merit of the first achievements which were made in our marine, and its name must be placed beside those of Gustave-Auguste FerriéGustave-Auguste FerriéGustave-Auguste Ferrié was a French radio pioneer and army general.- Biography :Ferrié was born in Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, Savoie...
and of André BlondelAndré BlondelAndré-Eugène Blondel was a French engineer and physicist. He is the inventor of the electromechanical oscillograph and a system of photometric units of measurement.-Life:...
, as well as that of Rene Mesny, later come in same research, the list of the French scientists who created it TSFTSFTSF may refer to:*Télécoms sans frontières*Text Services Framework*The Sunshine Fix*Theatre Strike Force*Timing Synchronization Function *Treviso Airport, IATA airport code*TSF...
in France its untimely death was a very great loss for our country and science. Eugene Giboin.
- Mr. Tissot was not satisfied to make, about the phenomena blamed in TSFTSFTSF may refer to:*Télécoms sans frontières*Text Services Framework*The Sunshine Fix*Theatre Strike Force*Timing Synchronization Function *Treviso Airport, IATA airport code*TSF...
, of the systematic studies which are much the most complete which was made touching this interesting application of the electric waves: he still equipped our squadrons of a whole material with best studied which allowed them little by little, and that as of 1898, to increase the range of the communications. Today in 1909 all the warships provided with the devices studied by Mr. Tissot can communicate to 300 km. In 1906, the battleship "Bruix" could even communicate with Port Vendres, at a distance of 500 km. Albert Turpain.
Work
He is also the author of many articles of popularization of radio in international scientific reviews, and will give very many conferences on the subject. Although not a member, he intervenes regularly in front of the Academy of the sciences . He received several prizes and rewards of the Academy.
See also
- Crystal radio
- 500 kHz
- CohererCohererThe coherer was a primitive form of radio signal detector used in the first radio receivers during the wireless telegraphy era at the beginning of the twentieth century. Invented around 1890 by French scientist Édouard Branly, it consisted of a tube or capsule containing two electrodes spaced a...
- Édouard BranlyEdouard BranlyÉdouard Eugène Désiré Branly was a French inventor, physicist and professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris. He is primarily known for his early involvement in wireless telegraphy and his invention of the Branly coherer around 1890.-Biography:The coherer was the first widely used detector for...
- Cat's whisker detector
- Electrolytic detectorElectrolytic detectorThe electrolytic detector, or the bare-point electrolytic detector as it was also called, was a type of wet demodulator used in early radio receivers. This form of detector was in extensive use between the years 1902 and 1913, after which the superior vacuum tube diode became available...
- Foster-Seeley discriminatorFoster-Seeley discriminatorThe Foster-Seeley discriminator is a common type of FM detector circuit, invented in 1936 by Dudley E. Foster and Stuart William Seeley. The circuit was envisioned for automatic frequency control of receivers, but also found application in demodulating an FM signal.It uses a tuned RF transformer...
- Grid-leak detectorGrid-leak detectorA grid-leak detector is a combination diode rectifier and audio amplifier used as a detector in vacuum tube AM radio receivers.The grid leak is the small current through the grid of a vacuum tube caused by the small negative EMF which is present in all vacuum tubes as a result of a space charge...
- Hot wire barretterHot wire barretterThe hot wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor developed to permit the reception of amplitude modulated signals, something that the coherer could not...
- Magnetic detectorMagnetic detectorThe magnetic detector was one of the first practical devices able to make radio signals audible through a pair of headphones. It was not as sensitive as some detectors but despite that, it was favored for early maritime use because of its reliability....
- Plate detectorPlate detector (radio)A plate detector is a vacuum tube detector circuit used in A.M. radios. This circuit employs a tube with an indirectly heated cathode, typically a medium-mu triode, or a tetrode or pentode with a sharp cut-off control grid. Rectification of R.F. signals occurs in the plate of the detector tube. ...
- Wunderlich detectorWunderlich (vacuum tube)Wunderlich refers to a series of vacuum tubes introduced in the early 1930s. Wunderlichs were designed to be used as full-wave detectors in AM radio receivers. However, because of their unusual design, they were rarely used in commercially manufactured receivers. The tube is named for its...
External links
Books written by Camille Tissot. Files concerning Camille Papin Tissot Camille Tissot on Wiki Brest Radio OuessantFurther reading
- Commandant Camille Tissot , Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers Feb. 1918 Vol. 6 , Issue 1, page 4 ISSN : 0731-5996
Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/JRPROC.1918.217352