Carl Eduard Cramer
Encyclopedia
Carl Eduard Cramer was a Swiss
botanist who was born in Zurich
.
He studied at Zurich and Freiburg
, where he received his doctorate in 1855. As a young man his mentor was the famed botanist Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli
(1817–1891). He became a lecturer (1857) and later a professor of botany (1861–1901) at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich. He also taught at the University of Zurich
(1880–1883) and was director of its botanical garden from 1882 until 1893.
Cramer's specialty dealt with the physiology, genealogy and growth
of plant cells. He was the author of several botanical works, including Pflanzen physiologische Untersuchungen (1855–1857), which he co-wrote with Karl von Nägeli. Cramer also did extensive work in the fields of bacteriology
, vegetable teratology
, cryptogamic flora and mycology
(especially mushrooms).
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
botanist who was born in Zurich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
.
He studied at Zurich and Freiburg
University of Freiburg
The University of Freiburg , sometimes referred to in English as the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, is a public research university located in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.The university was founded in 1457 by the Habsburg dynasty as the...
, where he received his doctorate in 1855. As a young man his mentor was the famed botanist Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli
Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli
Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division and pollination, but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics.-Birth and education:...
(1817–1891). He became a lecturer (1857) and later a professor of botany (1861–1901) at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich. He also taught at the University of Zurich
University of Zurich
The University of Zurich , located in the city of Zurich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology, law, medicine and a new faculty of philosophy....
(1880–1883) and was director of its botanical garden from 1882 until 1893.
Cramer's specialty dealt with the physiology, genealogy and growth
Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...
of plant cells. He was the author of several botanical works, including Pflanzen physiologische Untersuchungen (1855–1857), which he co-wrote with Karl von Nägeli. Cramer also did extensive work in the fields of bacteriology
Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the study of bacteria. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species...
, vegetable teratology
Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. It is often thought of as the study of human birth defects, but it is much broader than that, taking in other non-birth developmental stages, including puberty; and other non-human life forms, including plants.- Etymology :The...
, cryptogamic flora and mycology
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicinals , food and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or...
(especially mushrooms).