Carl Eduard Hammerschmidt
Encyclopedia
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
- 30 August 1874, Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
) was an Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n mineralogist, entomologist and physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
.
Hammerschmidt studied the law, but could not become an advocate. Instead, already an editor of Landwirtschaftlichen Zeitung, an agricultural
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
newspaper, and an entomologist, he became a student of medical writing.
After the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...
he had to flee, joined the Hungarian army and fought under the Polish general Józef Bem
Józef Bem
Józef Zachariasz Bem was a Polish general, an Ottoman Pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European nationalisms...
.
Wounded and with many suffering comrades he was pushed over the Turkish border. He became a teacher at the medical school in Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
, but after complaints from Austria was displaced. He then moved to Damascus
Damascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
where he worked for several years as a hospital physician, served as a physician in the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
, was during the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 a Turkish commissioner.
After 1873, he became a teacher of mineralogy and Zoology
Zoology
Zoology |zoölogy]]), is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct...
at the medical school in Constantinople, for which he created a natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
museum. Hammerschmidt was a member of the Royal Entomological Society of London
Royal Entomological Society of London
The Royal Entomological Society of London is devoted to insect study. It has a major national and international role in disseminating information about insects and improving communication between entomologists....
. As well as zoological and geological text books in the Turkish language he made valuable contributions to the geological and zoological knowledge of the Bosphorus areas.
He was joint founder of the Turkish Red Crescent
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human...
.
He died during the geological investigation of a new railway line in Anatolia.
Works
- Beschreibung eines neuen mexicanischen Schmetterlinges (Cossus) Redtenbacheri Hmrschdt., dessen Entwickelung in Wien beobachtet wurde, mit 1 lith. Tafel. Wien, 1847
- Helminthologische Beiträge, Beschreibung einiger neuer in Insekten entdeckten Oxyuris-Arten. Wien, 1847.
- Beschreibung einiger Oxyuris-Arten. In: Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 1 (1847).
Literature
- Verhandlungen des V. Symposions über Österreichisch - Türkische Medizinische Beziehungen: Anlässlich des 120. Todesjahres des Mitbegründers des Türkischen Halbmondes Dr. Abdullah Bey und des 150. Todesjahres des Schöpfers der Medizinschule Galatasaray Dr. K. A. Bernard. (V. Türk - Avusturya Tibbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu bildirileri: 5 Ekim 1994, Çarşamba; Kızılay'ın Kurucularından Miralay Dr. Abdullah Bey'in ölümünün 120. yıldönümü ile Galatasaray'da Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane'nin kurucularından Dr. K. A. Bernard'ın ölümünün 150. yıldönümü anısına düzenlenen yayınlayanlar Arslan Terzioğlu). Türk Avusturya Tıbbî İlişkileri Simpozyumu 5, 1994. Istanbul, 1995.