Carl Frelinghuysen Gould
Encyclopedia
Carl Frelinghuysen Gould (24 November 1873 - 4 January 1939) also spelled Carl Freylinghausen Gould, was a leading architect
in the Pacific Northwest
, and founder and first chair of the architecture program at the University of Washington
. As the lead designer in the firm Bebb & Gould, with his partner, Charles H. Bebb
, Gould was responsible for many notable Pacific Northwest buildings, such as the Seattle Art Museum
, and for the campus plan of the University of Washington.
He was born in New York
to Charles Judson Gould. He graduated from Harvard
in 1898, then spent five years at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
in Paris
. After his return to New York, he apprenticed with McKim, Mead and White, D. H. Burnham & Company
, and George B. Post and Sons
.
In 1908 Gould moved to Seattle. After working briefly for other architects, Gould initiated his own practice. His early commissions were primarily residential. Gould quickly emerged as a leader in city planning, as he campaigned for Bogue Plan
(1911), which proposed a City Beautiful civic center for the city. In 1912, Gould became president of the Seattle Fine Arts Society, serving until 1916. He also began giving lectures in domestic design at the University of Washington
.
In 1914, Gould partnered with Seattle architect Charles H. Bebb
to form Bebb and Gould, a firm that soon won the commission to plan the University of Washington
campus (1915). Thereafter Bebb and Gould completed a number of campus buildings; most important was Suzzallo Library (1922-1927). From this auspicious start, the firm emerged as leading designers of institutional and other buildings in the Pacific Northwest. Their work included residences, churches, schools, hospitals, memorials, club houses, commercial structures and other buildings. The firms work was stylistically eclectic, reflecting Gould's Beaux-Arts training and the tendencies of the period.
Gould founded the University of Washington program in architecture in 1914 and served as the first chair of the Architecture Department (1914-1926). Gould modeled the program after that of the Beaux-Arts as it had been adapted by Ameriican collegiate programs in architecture. Throughout Gould's tenure the program belonged to the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design
(BAID), although Gould supplemented BAID programmes with studio assignments he and the other faculty developed themselves.
He married Dorothy Wheaton Fay in 1915.
Gould contributed to the U.S. effort in World War I, by designing a 3,000-worker community in Washington as a company town
supporting the Spruce Production Division
. The half-mile-square townsite was laid out with bunkhouses, and dining and recreation halls styled after Adirondack lodges
.
Gould again served as President of the Seattle Fine Arts Society from 1926 to 1929 and was instrumental in its restructuring as the Art Institute of Seattle (predecessor to today's Seattle Art Museum
). Gould served as President of the American Institute of Architects
Washington State Chapter (predecessor to AIA Seattle Chapter) from 1922 to 1924. He was elected a Fellow
in the AIA in 1926.
By the 1930s, Bebb's role in Bebb and Gould declined and the firm's work began to reflect the emergence of Art Deco
. This new direction was reflected in the design for the Seattle Art Museum
building (1931-1933); now the Seattle Asian Art Museum
) in Volunteer Park. (The design of the front elevation reflects the influence of draftsman Walter Wurdeman
who had joined Bebb and Gould after graduating from the University of Washington.) Work slowed thereafter, as the Depression limited opportunities, although the firm designed several more University of Washington buildings in this period, and, as campus architects after 1932, supervised designs by other architects.
He died on 4 January 1939.
Works by Gould or by his partnership include many that survive and/or are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP). These include:
Overall, Carl F. Gould was a key figure in architecture and the arts in Seattle in the first four decades of the twentieth century. Gould's daughter, Anne Gould Hauberg
continues to play a significant role in Seattle as patron of the arts today.
In 1941 his daughter, Anne Westbrook Gould, married John Henry Hauberg, Jr.
The family papers are archived at the University of Washington
.
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
in the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
, and founder and first chair of the architecture program at the University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...
. As the lead designer in the firm Bebb & Gould, with his partner, Charles H. Bebb
Charles Bebb
Charles Herbert Bebb was a leading Seattle architect, who participated in two of the city's most important partnerships, Bebb and Mendel from 1901 to 1914, and Bebb and Gould from 1914 to 1939...
, Gould was responsible for many notable Pacific Northwest buildings, such as the Seattle Art Museum
Seattle Art Museum
The Seattle Art Museum is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, USA. It maintains three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill, and the Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened on...
, and for the campus plan of the University of Washington.
Biography
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
to Charles Judson Gould. He graduated from Harvard
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
in 1898, then spent five years at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, in the 6th arrondissement. The school has a history spanning more than 350 years,...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. After his return to New York, he apprenticed with McKim, Mead and White, D. H. Burnham & Company
D. H. Burnham & Company
D.H. Burnham and Company of was an architecture firm based in Chicago, Illinois. As successor to Burnham and Root, the name was changed once John Root died in 1891. Root was the chief consulting architect for the World's Columbian Exposition. After Root's death, Daniel Burnham took that title...
, and George B. Post and Sons
George B. Post
George Browne Post was an American architect trained in the Beaux-Arts tradition.-Biography:Post was a student of Richard Morris Hunt , but unlike many architects of his generation, he had previously received a degree in civil engineering...
.
In 1908 Gould moved to Seattle. After working briefly for other architects, Gould initiated his own practice. His early commissions were primarily residential. Gould quickly emerged as a leader in city planning, as he campaigned for Bogue Plan
Virgil Bogue
Virgil Gay Bogue was born in Norfolk, New York, on July 20, 1846. He received a degree in civil engineering from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, in 1868. Bogue worked consecutively on Oroya Railway in Peru to 1879, the Northern Pacific Railway to 1886...
(1911), which proposed a City Beautiful civic center for the city. In 1912, Gould became president of the Seattle Fine Arts Society, serving until 1916. He also began giving lectures in domestic design at the University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...
.
In 1914, Gould partnered with Seattle architect Charles H. Bebb
Charles Bebb
Charles Herbert Bebb was a leading Seattle architect, who participated in two of the city's most important partnerships, Bebb and Mendel from 1901 to 1914, and Bebb and Gould from 1914 to 1939...
to form Bebb and Gould, a firm that soon won the commission to plan the University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...
campus (1915). Thereafter Bebb and Gould completed a number of campus buildings; most important was Suzzallo Library (1922-1927). From this auspicious start, the firm emerged as leading designers of institutional and other buildings in the Pacific Northwest. Their work included residences, churches, schools, hospitals, memorials, club houses, commercial structures and other buildings. The firms work was stylistically eclectic, reflecting Gould's Beaux-Arts training and the tendencies of the period.
Gould founded the University of Washington program in architecture in 1914 and served as the first chair of the Architecture Department (1914-1926). Gould modeled the program after that of the Beaux-Arts as it had been adapted by Ameriican collegiate programs in architecture. Throughout Gould's tenure the program belonged to the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design
The Beaux-Arts Institute of Design was an art and architectural school at 304 East 44th Street in Turtle Bay, Manhattan, in New York City...
(BAID), although Gould supplemented BAID programmes with studio assignments he and the other faculty developed themselves.
He married Dorothy Wheaton Fay in 1915.
Gould contributed to the U.S. effort in World War I, by designing a 3,000-worker community in Washington as a company town
Company town
A company town is a town or city in which much or all real estate, buildings , utilities, hospitals, small businesses such as grocery stores and gas stations, and other necessities or luxuries of life within its borders are owned by a single company...
supporting the Spruce Production Division
Spruce Production Division
The Spruce Production Division was a unit of the United States Army established in 1917 to supply the army with high quality spruce and other wood products needed for the production of aircraft for the United States war effort in World War I. The division was part of the Army Signal Corps's...
. The half-mile-square townsite was laid out with bunkhouses, and dining and recreation halls styled after Adirondack lodges
Great Camps
Great camps refer to the grandiose family compounds of cabins that were built in the latter half of the nineteenth century on lakes in the Adirondacks such as Spitfire Lake and Rainbow Lake. The camps were summer homes for the wealthy, where they could relax, host or attend parties, and enjoy the...
.
Gould again served as President of the Seattle Fine Arts Society from 1926 to 1929 and was instrumental in its restructuring as the Art Institute of Seattle (predecessor to today's Seattle Art Museum
Seattle Art Museum
The Seattle Art Museum is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, USA. It maintains three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill, and the Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened on...
). Gould served as President of the American Institute of Architects
American Institute of Architects
The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image...
Washington State Chapter (predecessor to AIA Seattle Chapter) from 1922 to 1924. He was elected a Fellow
FAIA
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects is a postnomial, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects...
in the AIA in 1926.
By the 1930s, Bebb's role in Bebb and Gould declined and the firm's work began to reflect the emergence of Art Deco
Art Deco
Art deco , or deco, is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era. The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and...
. This new direction was reflected in the design for the Seattle Art Museum
Seattle Art Museum
The Seattle Art Museum is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, USA. It maintains three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill, and the Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened on...
building (1931-1933); now the Seattle Asian Art Museum
Seattle Asian Art Museum
The Seattle Asian Art Museum is a museum of Asian art located inside Volunteer Park on Seattle, Washington USA's Capitol Hill. Part of the Seattle Art Museum, SAAM occupies the 1933 Art Moderne building which was originally home to the Seattle Art Museum's main collection...
) in Volunteer Park. (The design of the front elevation reflects the influence of draftsman Walter Wurdeman
Walter Wurdeman
Walter Wurdeman was a leading architect who, with his partner Welton Becket, designed many notable buildings in Los Angeles, California....
who had joined Bebb and Gould after graduating from the University of Washington.) Work slowed thereafter, as the Depression limited opportunities, although the firm designed several more University of Washington buildings in this period, and, as campus architects after 1932, supervised designs by other architects.
He died on 4 January 1939.
Works
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
(NRHP). These include:
- U.S. Immigration Building, 84 Union St., Seattle, WA (Gould,Carl F.) NRHP-listed
- Weyerhaeuser Office Building, 1710 W. Marine View Dr., Everett, WA (Gould,Carl F.) NRHP-listed
- Young Women's Christian Association, 1026 N. Forest St., Bellingham, WA (Gould,Carl F.) NRHP-listed
- One or more properties in NRHP-listed Centralia Downtown Historic District, Roughly bounded by Center St., Burlington Northern right-of-way, Walnut st., and Pearl St., Centralia, WA (Bebb and Gould)
- Larrabee House, 405 Fieldstone Rd., Bellingham, WA (Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed
- Olympic Hotel, 1200-1220 4th Ave., Seattle, WA (Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed
- Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Building, 1304 Vandercook Way Longview WA Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed
- Times BuildingTimes Square BuildingThe Times Square Building, formerly the Times Building, is a registered landmark building in Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1916 and housed editorial operations of the Seattle Times newspaper, which was housed there until 1930. Located at 414 Olive Way, it is entirely surrounded by...
, 414 Olive Way, Seattle, WA (Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed - U.S. Marine Hospital (Seattle, Washington), 1131 14th Ave., S., Seattle, WA (Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed
- Volunteer ParkVolunteer Park (Seattle)Volunteer Park is a 48.3 acre park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle, USA.-History:Volunteer Park was acquired by the city of Seattle for $2,000 in 1876 from J.M. Colman...
, Between E. Prospect and E. Galer Sts., and Federal and E. 15th Aves., Seattle, WA (Bebb & Gould) NRHP-listed
Legacy
After Gould's unexpected death in 1939, Bebb took trusted employee John Paul Jones into the partnership and the firm was renamed Bebb and Jones.Overall, Carl F. Gould was a key figure in architecture and the arts in Seattle in the first four decades of the twentieth century. Gould's daughter, Anne Gould Hauberg
Anne Gould Hauberg
Anne Gould Hauberg is a Seattle, Washington civic activist, philanthropist, and patron of the arts.Annie Laurie Westbrook Gould was the daughter of Seattle architect and educator Carl F. Gould and Dorothy Fay Gould...
continues to play a significant role in Seattle as patron of the arts today.
In 1941 his daughter, Anne Westbrook Gould, married John Henry Hauberg, Jr.
The family papers are archived at the University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...
.
Further reading
- Booth, T. William, and Wilson, William H., "Bebb & Gould," in Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects (ed. Jeffrey Karl Ochsner), University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 1994, pages 174-179, 293
- Booth, T. William, and Wilson, William H., Carl F. Gould: A Life in Architecture and the Arts, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 1995
- Johnston, Norman J., Architectural Education at the University of Washington: The Gould Years, University of Washington College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Seattle 1987.
- Johnston, Norman J., The Campus Guide: University of Washington, Princeton Architectural PressPrinceton Architectural PressPrinceton Architectural Press is a leading publisher of architecture and design books, with over 500 titles on its backlist. It was founded in 1981 by Kevin Lippert in Princeton, NJ and moved to New York City in 1985. Since 1996, Princeton Architectural Press has been distributed in the...
, New York 2001.