Carlos Coloma
Encyclopedia
Don Carlos Coloma y de Saa, 1st Marquess of Espinar, a title awarded on 16 September 1627 by king Philip IV of Spain (Alicante
, 9 February 1566-Madrid
, 23 October 1637), a Knight of the Order of Santiago since 1597, and a Commander of such order since 28 April 1620, Governor and lieutenant of the Counties of Roussillon
, Cerdanya
and Conflent
since 17 June 1600, was 16th Viceroy of Mallorca, a.k.a. Viceroy of Majorca, 1610–1617, a job going back to no less than 1512, and registering no less than 42 Governors and/or Viceroys till 1715, Captain General at the Cambray area since 17 May 1617, Member in 1621 of the Spanish Supreme Council of War, Spanish Ambassador in London
, England
, (1622 - 14 December 1624), participated in the re-conquest of Breda
, 1625), again Spanish Ambassador in London
, 1630, to negotiate truces with king Charles I of England
, one of the 5 members of the Governing Council of Flanders
at the death of the Governess of the Spanish Netherlands in 1633, interim Governor of the Duchy of Milan, 1634, Member of the Council of Castile
, 1635.
, province of Valencia, Spain, title awarded by king Philip II of Spain
, on 20 January 1591, an area located with a great number of hard working and industrious morisco
´s, able in sophisticated systems of agricultural cultivation, silk worms raising, fine embroideries and ceramics and metal worj for instance, and forced to leave in 1610 if they not became true Roman Catholics, according to the instructions issued at that time by king Philip III of Spain
.
Carlos Coloma y de Saa paternal grand mother, Maria or Catherina de Cardona, was a member of the widely spread and powerful Catalan - Sicilian family "Cardona", her father Alfonso being Sieur of Guadalest, Admiral of Aragon, and her mother Isabella coming from Aragonese powerful families, too, the "Rois de Liori" and the "Moncada", Baroness of Betxi
and Gorga
, villages with a great deal of morisco
´s, and the Viscounts of Gagliani, in Italy
.
was, a daughter of Antoon I van Liederkerke, heer van Moorsele en Gracht, (12 August 1533 - married 1562 - 2 December 1604) and Louise de la Barre, a daughter of Ferdinand de la Barre, seigneur de Mouscron
,now in Belgium
, deceased 1579, and Marie de Thiennes, of the family of the lords of Lombise.
They got 4 males/6 females, 2 of them nuns,
, a title awarded on 20 January 1591 who was also a soldier and an writer, Viceroy of Sardinia, 1570 - 1577. He joined the army as an ensign in 1581 and campaigned in Portugal, Sicily, the Netherlands and Germany, eventually making his way up to the rank of maestro de campo general.
(1600–1611) and viceroy of Mallorca
(1611–1617), he became governor of Cambrai
in 1617. In 1621 he took over from Spinola as commander-in-chief of the Spanish invasion of the Palatinate.
The following year he succeeded the Count of Gondomar as Spanish ambassador to England
. Recalled when war broke out between England and Spain in 1624, he participated in Spinola's siege of Breda
(August 1624-June 1625) and is supposedly portrayed on Velázquez
Las Lanzas
.
After a term as commander in Milan
, Coloma returned to London in 1630 to restore peace between the two crowns. From 1631 until his return to Spain in 1634, he acted as commander-in-chief of the Army of Flanders
. During his final years he served King Philip IV
as mayordomo mayor and member of the Council of State.
Carlos Coloma received the habito of the Order of Santiago
in 1591 and was given the Commandry of Montiel
y La Ossa in 1621. On 16 September 1627, king Philip IV of Spain
created him Marquis of spinar. He married a Flemish noblewoman, Marguerite de Liedekerke.
Alicante
Alicante or Alacant is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,418, estimated , ranking as the second-largest...
, 9 February 1566-Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 23 October 1637), a Knight of the Order of Santiago since 1597, and a Commander of such order since 28 April 1620, Governor and lieutenant of the Counties of Roussillon
Roussillon
Roussillon is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales...
, Cerdanya
Cerdanya
Cerdanya is a natural comarca and historical region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain. Historically it has been one of the counties of Catalonia....
and Conflent
Conflent
Conflent is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, now part of the French Département of Pyrénées-Orientales. In the Middle Ages it comprised the County of Conflent....
since 17 June 1600, was 16th Viceroy of Mallorca, a.k.a. Viceroy of Majorca, 1610–1617, a job going back to no less than 1512, and registering no less than 42 Governors and/or Viceroys till 1715, Captain General at the Cambray area since 17 May 1617, Member in 1621 of the Spanish Supreme Council of War, Spanish Ambassador in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, (1622 - 14 December 1624), participated in the re-conquest of Breda
Breda
Breda is a municipality and a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. The name Breda derived from brede Aa and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. As a fortified city, the city was of strategic military and political significance...
, 1625), again Spanish Ambassador in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, 1630, to negotiate truces with king Charles I of England
Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
, one of the 5 members of the Governing Council of Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
at the death of the Governess of the Spanish Netherlands in 1633, interim Governor of the Duchy of Milan, 1634, Member of the Council of Castile
Council of Castile
The Council of Castile , known earlier as the Royal Council , was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile, second only to the monarch himself. It was established under Queen Isabella I in 1480 as the chief body dealing with administrative and judicial matters...
, 1635.
Family background
He was the third male son out of 7 males/1 female from a first marriage of Juan Coloma y Cardona, 3rd Sieur and 1 Count of EldaElda
Elda is a city located in the province of Alicante, Spain. , it has a total population of 55,618 inhabitants, ranking as the 7th most populous city in the province. Elda joins together with the town of Petrer to form a conurbation with over 85,000 inhabitants...
, province of Valencia, Spain, title awarded by king Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
, on 20 January 1591, an area located with a great number of hard working and industrious morisco
Morisco
Moriscos or Mouriscos , meaning "Moorish", were the converted Christian inhabitants of Spain and Portugal of Muslim heritage. Over time the term was used in a pejorative sense applied to those nominal Catholics who were suspected of secretly practicing Islam.-Demographics:By the beginning of the...
´s, able in sophisticated systems of agricultural cultivation, silk worms raising, fine embroideries and ceramics and metal worj for instance, and forced to leave in 1610 if they not became true Roman Catholics, according to the instructions issued at that time by king Philip III of Spain
Philip III of Spain
Philip III , also known as Philip the Pious, was the King of Spain and King of Portugal and the Algarves, where he ruled as Philip II , from 1598 until his death...
.
Carlos Coloma y de Saa paternal grand mother, Maria or Catherina de Cardona, was a member of the widely spread and powerful Catalan - Sicilian family "Cardona", her father Alfonso being Sieur of Guadalest, Admiral of Aragon, and her mother Isabella coming from Aragonese powerful families, too, the "Rois de Liori" and the "Moncada", Baroness of Betxi
Betxí
Betxí is a municipality in the comarca of Plana Baixa in the Valencian Community, Spain.-See also:*List of municipalities in Castellón*Roman Catholic Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín*Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa-External links :*...
and Gorga
Gorga
Gorga is a comune in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 60 km southeast of Rome. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 779 and an area of 26.3 km²....
, villages with a great deal of morisco
Morisco
Moriscos or Mouriscos , meaning "Moorish", were the converted Christian inhabitants of Spain and Portugal of Muslim heritage. Over time the term was used in a pejorative sense applied to those nominal Catholics who were suspected of secretly practicing Islam.-Demographics:By the beginning of the...
´s, and the Viscounts of Gagliani, in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
.
The Flemish marriage of Carlos Coloma de Saa with Margaretta van Liedekerke
Margaretta van Liedekerke, from FlandesFlandes
Flandes is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 22,064 as of the 1993 census....
was, a daughter of Antoon I van Liederkerke, heer van Moorsele en Gracht, (12 August 1533 - married 1562 - 2 December 1604) and Louise de la Barre, a daughter of Ferdinand de la Barre, seigneur de Mouscron
Mouscron
Mouscron is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. The Mouscron municipality includes the old communes of Dottignies , Luingne, and Herseaux .-Middle Ages:...
,now in Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, deceased 1579, and Marie de Thiennes, of the family of the lords of Lombise.
They got 4 males/6 females, 2 of them nuns,
Career
Carlos Coloma was born in a noble family with strong connections to the military. His father was Don Juan Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of EldaJuan Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda
Juan Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda, , 3rd Sieur of Elda, Governor of Alicante Castle, Count of Elda, Viceroy of Sardinia, 1570 - 1577...
, a title awarded on 20 January 1591 who was also a soldier and an writer, Viceroy of Sardinia, 1570 - 1577. He joined the army as an ensign in 1581 and campaigned in Portugal, Sicily, the Netherlands and Germany, eventually making his way up to the rank of maestro de campo general.
A Briefer resume of his life
After serving as governor of the RoussillonRoussillon
Roussillon is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales...
(1600–1611) and viceroy of Mallorca
Mallorca
Majorca or Mallorca is an island located in the Mediterranean Sea, one of the Balearic Islands.The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Cabrera Archipelago is administratively grouped with Majorca...
(1611–1617), he became governor of Cambrai
Cambrai
Cambrai is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.Cambrai is the seat of an archdiocese whose jurisdiction was immense during the Middle Ages. The territory of the Bishopric of Cambrai, roughly coinciding with the shire of Brabant, included...
in 1617. In 1621 he took over from Spinola as commander-in-chief of the Spanish invasion of the Palatinate.
The following year he succeeded the Count of Gondomar as Spanish ambassador to England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. Recalled when war broke out between England and Spain in 1624, he participated in Spinola's siege of Breda
Breda
Breda is a municipality and a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. The name Breda derived from brede Aa and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. As a fortified city, the city was of strategic military and political significance...
(August 1624-June 1625) and is supposedly portrayed on Velázquez
Diego Velázquez
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque period, important as a portrait artist...
Las Lanzas
The Surrender of Breda
La rendición de Breda , also known as El cuadro de las lanzas or Las lanzas, is a painting by Velázquez, painted during the years 1634–35, and inspired while Velázquez was visiting Italy with Ambrosio Spinola, the Italian general who conquered Breda on June 5, 1625. It is considered one of...
.
After a term as commander in Milan
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan , was created on the 1st of may 1395, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Milan, purchased a diploma for 100,000 Florins from King Wenceslaus. It was this diploma that installed, Gian Galeazzo as Duke of Milan and Count of Pavia...
, Coloma returned to London in 1630 to restore peace between the two crowns. From 1631 until his return to Spain in 1634, he acted as commander-in-chief of the Army of Flanders
Army of Flanders
The Army of Flanders was a Spanish Habsburg army based in the Netherlands during the 16th to 18th centuries. It was notable for being the longest standing army of the period, being in continuous service from 1567 until its disestablishment in 1706...
. During his final years he served King Philip IV
Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640...
as mayordomo mayor and member of the Council of State.
Carlos Coloma received the habito of the Order of Santiago
Order of Santiago
The Order of Santiago was founded in the 12th century, and owes its name to the national patron of Galicia and Spain, Santiago , under whose banner the Christians of Galicia and Asturias began in the 9th century to combat and drive back the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.-History:Santiago de...
in 1591 and was given the Commandry of Montiel
Montiel
Montiel is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.The ruined castle on the hilltop above the town was the refuge for Peter of Castile after his defeat by the forces of Henry of Trastamara at the Battle of Montiel. He was lured into a meeting by Bertrand du Guesclin,...
y La Ossa in 1621. On 16 September 1627, king Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640...
created him Marquis of spinar. He married a Flemish noblewoman, Marguerite de Liedekerke.
Works
- Carlos Coloma, De las guerras de los Estados Baxos, desde el año de M.D.LXXXVIII. hasta el de M.D.XC.IX (Cambrai, Jean de la Rivière, 1622). Further editions: Antwerp 1624 and 1635 and Barcelona 1627. Recently, April 2010, Antonio CORTIJO OCAÑA, has coordinated a new edition and study, based in the 1625 edition made at Anwerp, now Belgium, for the Spanish Ministry of Defense, ISBN, 978-84-9781-551-3 , 766 pages.
- Tacitus, Obras de Cajo Cornelio Tacito, Carlos Coloma transl. (Douai, Wyon, 1629).