Cartista
Encyclopedia
In the history of Portugal
, a Cartista was a member of the party that led Portugal over to a more conservative form of the liberalism that had arisen after the revolution of 1820, centered around the Constitutional Charter of 1826, granted by Pedro IV in an attempt to reduce the conflicts opened up by the revolution, less radicalising in character than the Constitution of 1822.
The cartistas made war on Miguel I
, an absolute
king, in collaboration with the vintistas, but ended up being misunderstood in 1834, after the Convention of Évora-Mount that put an end to the Liberal Wars
, forming two political groups that became more and more distinct, with the vintistas little by little separating themselves and moving further to the left of liberal thought.
The cartistas were in power several times, under several different names, and were the main winners of the Patuleia
and completely won the trial of strength that emerged after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte
.
. More than half of Portugal's presidents of the council of the second half of the 19th century belonged to this political party.
, opposing Hintze Ribeiro
's leadership of the main party, formally broke away on 12 February 1901 and became the Partido Regenerador Liberal (officially called the Centro Regenerador Liberal) on 16 May that year.
, since the letter it defended (the Constitutional Letter of 1826) was a charter that had been granted to the Portuguese in particular, rather than the generic charter of rights aspired to by European chartism. Indeed, it itself attacked the wishes of European chartism, particularly British Chartism, closer to the resolutions of Portuguese Constitution of 1822 than those of the Portuguese Constitutional Charter.
History of Portugal
The history of Portugal, a European and an Atlantic nation, dates back to the Early Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it ascended to the status of a world power during Europe's "Age of Discovery" as it built up a vast empire including possessions in South America, Africa, Asia and...
, a Cartista was a member of the party that led Portugal over to a more conservative form of the liberalism that had arisen after the revolution of 1820, centered around the Constitutional Charter of 1826, granted by Pedro IV in an attempt to reduce the conflicts opened up by the revolution, less radicalising in character than the Constitution of 1822.
The cartistas made war on Miguel I
Miguel of Portugal
Dom Miguel I, sometimes Michael , was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of King John VI and his queen, Charlotte of Spain....
, an absolute
Absolutism (European history)
Absolutism or The Age of Absolutism is a historiographical term used to describe a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by all other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites...
king, in collaboration with the vintistas, but ended up being misunderstood in 1834, after the Convention of Évora-Mount that put an end to the Liberal Wars
Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers, or Miguelite War, was a war between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834...
, forming two political groups that became more and more distinct, with the vintistas little by little separating themselves and moving further to the left of liberal thought.
The cartistas were in power several times, under several different names, and were the main winners of the Patuleia
Patuleia
The Patuleia, Guerra da Patuleia, or Little Civil War was a civil war in Portugal, so called to distinguish it from the 'great' civil war between Dom Pedro IV and Dom Miguel that ended in 1834. The Patuleia occurred after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte, and was closely associated with her...
and completely won the trial of strength that emerged after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte
Revolution of Maria da Fonte
The Revolution of Maria da Fonte, or Revolution of the Minho, is the name given to a popular revolt in the spring of 1846 against the Cartista government of Portugal...
.
The Regeneração and the Re-assembling as the Partido Regenerador
When the formation of political parties was clarified as a result of the Regeneração, the Cartistas re-formed in 1851 as the "Partido Regenerador", which up to the advent of the Republic in Portugal was the main conservative party of the right of the Constitutional Monarchy. It alternated in power with the Partido ProgressistaProgressive Party (Portugal)
The Progressive Party , along with the their opponent the Partido Regenerador, was a political party in Portugal during the constitutional monarchy at the end of the 19th century.-Ideology:...
. More than half of Portugal's presidents of the council of the second half of the 19th century belonged to this political party.
Split in the party: the Liberal Regenerator Party/Liberal Regenerator Centre
A faction of 25 led by João FrancoJoão Franco
João Franco Ferreira Pinto Castelo-Branco, GCTE was a Portuguese politician, Minister, 43rd Minister for Treasury Affairs and 73rd Prime Minister in the last years of the Portuguese monarchy...
, opposing Hintze Ribeiro
Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro
Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro, was a prominent Portuguese politician. His name sometimes appears styled as Ernesto Rudolfo, Ernesto Rodolpho Hintze Ribeiro and Ernst Rudolph Hintze Ribeiro...
's leadership of the main party, formally broke away on 12 February 1901 and became the Partido Regenerador Liberal (officially called the Centro Regenerador Liberal) on 16 May that year.
Connection with European Chartism
Despite the resemblance of its name and some of its objectives, Portuguese "cartismo" is not directly equivalent to European chartismChartism
Chartism was a movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1859. It takes its name from the People's Charter of 1838. Chartism was possibly the first mass working class labour movement in the world...
, since the letter it defended (the Constitutional Letter of 1826) was a charter that had been granted to the Portuguese in particular, rather than the generic charter of rights aspired to by European chartism. Indeed, it itself attacked the wishes of European chartism, particularly British Chartism, closer to the resolutions of Portuguese Constitution of 1822 than those of the Portuguese Constitutional Charter.