Castletownbere
Encyclopedia
Castletownbere is a small town in County Cork
County Cork
County Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...

 in Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

. It is located on the southwest coast of Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

, in West Cork
West Cork
West Cork refers to a geographical area in south-west Ireland, lying within Ireland's largest county, County Cork. Traditionally a popular tourist destination, the area is seen as being distinct from the more populated northern or eastern parts of the county, as well as the more urban area of...

, on Berehaven harbour near the entrance to Bantry Bay. It is also known as Castletown Berehaven. The name of the town comes from the no longer extant MacCarty Castle, and not Dunboy Castle
Dunboy Castle
Dunboy Castle was a stronghold of the O'Sullivan Bere, a Gaelic clan leader and 'Chief of Dunboy'. The castle is located on the Beara Peninsula in south-west Ireland near the town of Castletownbere and was built to guard and defend the harbour of Berehaven...

 which was home to the O'Sullivan clan. The nearby Puxley Mansion was burnt by the IRA in 1920. The conflict between the Gaelic former ruling family and newly enriched interlopers formed the basis for Daphne du Maurier
Daphne du Maurier
Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning DBE was a British author and playwright.Many of her works have been adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca and Jamaica Inn and the short stories "The Birds" and "Don't Look Now". The first three were directed by Alfred Hitchcock.Her elder sister was...

's novel Hungry Hill
Hungry Hill (novel)
Hungry Hill is a novel by prolific British author Daphne du Maurier, published in 1943. There have been 33 editions of the book printed.This family saga is based on the Irish ancestors of Daphne du Maurier’s friend Christopher Puxley...

named for the mountain
Hungry Hill
Hungry Hill is a 685 m, 2248 ft mountain on the Beara Peninsula in the Republic of Ireland. It is the highest peak of the Caha Mountains and the 130th highest in Ireland...

 of the same name which is the highest peak in the Caha
Caha Mountains
The Caha Mountains are a range of low sandstone mountains situated on the Beara peninsula in south-west County Cork, in the Ireland. The highest peak is Hungry Hill, 685m tall.-See also:*List of mountains in Ireland...

 range.

Demographics

The town has a population of around 875 in the 2002 census with a further 1,000 in the catchment area. Tourists swell this number during the summer season to a small degree. Since the 1960s a small number of immigrants to the area from Holland, Switzerland, Germany and England has increased the mix, and more recently some economic migrants from eastern Europe have arrived. As in any fishing port there is a mix of incoming and outgoing transients and a local Spanish influence is well established. Overall the exodus from local families to North America and the UK is marked and up until recently the population has declined.

In Castletownbere itself many recent businesses and professionals in the area have been women. A new doctor, dentist and solicitor, several new shops and a ships' chandler have been established by women who join more established women publicans and restaurateurs.

The area has several established artists who sell internationally and a few galleries and craft outlets have opened in recent years.

History

Dunboy Castle
Dunboy Castle
Dunboy Castle was a stronghold of the O'Sullivan Bere, a Gaelic clan leader and 'Chief of Dunboy'. The castle is located on the Beara Peninsula in south-west Ireland near the town of Castletownbere and was built to guard and defend the harbour of Berehaven...

 - two miles west of the town - was the seat of the O'Sullivan Beare who, together with other Gaelic lords and with Spanish aid, had gone into rebellion against the English Crown. During the Siege of Dunboy
Siege of Dunboy
The Siege of Dunboy took place at Dunboy Castle on 5–18 June 1602, during the Nine Years' War in Ireland. It was one of the last battles of the conflict and was a victory for the English Army.-The Castle:...

 the castle was reduced by the forces of Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...

 in 1602. He then retreated with his followers to Leitrim. O'Sullivan Beare's stance was reverentially commemorated in 2002. A plaque in Irish and English exists on the ruins of his fortress saying it honoured those who had most nobly lain down their lives for their faith at that hallowed place.

In 1796 Theobald Wolfe Tone
Theobald Wolfe Tone
Theobald Wolfe Tone or Wolfe Tone , was a leading Irish revolutionary figure and one of the founding members of the United Irishmen and is regarded as the father of Irish Republicanism. He was captured by British forces at Lough Swilly in Donegal and taken prisoner...

 and his confederates sailed into Bantry Bay in French men o' war. They anchored off Ahabeg - a townland five miles east of Castletownbere but the gales were so violent that they could not land. Wolfe Tone fulminated that he was so close to Ireland that he could almost have spat onto the shore - he reflected, "England has not had such an escape since the Armada
Spanish Armada
This article refers to the Battle of Gravelines, for the modern navy of Spain, see Spanish NavyThe Spanish Armada was the Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English...

" - perhaps an allusion to the fact that adverse winds frustrated England's mighty enemies on both occasions. For his efforts in preparing the local defenses against the French, Richard White, a local landowner, was created Earl of Bantry
Earl of Bantry
Earl of Bantry, of Bantry in the County of Cork, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1816 for Richard White, 1st Viscount Bantry, who had helped repelling the French invasion at Bantry Bay in 1797...

 and Viscount Berehaven
Earl of Bantry
Earl of Bantry, of Bantry in the County of Cork, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1816 for Richard White, 1st Viscount Bantry, who had helped repelling the French invasion at Bantry Bay in 1797...

 in 1816.

In November 1918 a Royal Irish Constabulary
Royal Irish Constabulary
The armed Royal Irish Constabulary was Ireland's major police force for most of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. A separate civic police force, the unarmed Dublin Metropolitan Police controlled the capital, and the cities of Derry and Belfast, originally with their own police...

 officer from Castletownbere was patrolling at night towards Eyeries whilst another RIC man was patrolling towards Castletownbere. The Castletownbere man saw the figure approaching and panicked, firing - fatally wounding the other.

The deep-water harbour was, up to the 19th century, much used by smugglers. From 1922 to 1938, Berehaven was one of three Treaty ports in the Irish Free State
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand...

, UK sovereign bases maintained by the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...

. The nearby golf course had been part of the Royal Naval base until 1938. The tennis court there used to be where huge oil tanks stood. The sentry boxes still exist at the entrance to the golf course and at a jetty on the golf course. A golf course existed on that site until 1938 to provide diversion for the sailors of the Royal Navy.

Beside the golf course is Furious Pier. At this pier, at 3pm on 14 May 1921 two soldiers were wounded and Privates Hunter, McCullen, Edwards and Chalmers - all of the King's Own Scottish Borderers
King's Own Scottish Borderers
The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division.-History:It was raised on 18 March 1689 by the Earl of Leven to defend Edinburgh against the Jacobite forces of James II. It is said that 800 men were recruited within the space of two hours...

 - were shot dead by the IRA
Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916...

. It was a reprisal for the execution by firing squad of several IRA men over the previous few weeks in Cork City. The attack was part of a series of synchronised IRA assaults on Crown Forces at ten different points throughout West Cork. The Furious Pier slayings were carried out by men led by Michael Og O'Sullivan. The soldiers who had seen their comrades killed did not take kindly to this and some muttered that revenge must be taken. Their officers were determined to avert any reprisals and ordered their men to run up and down hills. This tired the soldiers out such that the soldiers were too exahusted to take any rash action and they calmed down.

There was also an engagement between the IRA
Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916...

 and Black and Tan
Black and Tan
Black and Tan is a drink made from a blend of pale ale, usually Bass Pale Ale, and a dark beer such as a stout or porter, most often Guinness. Sometimes a pale lager is used instead of ale; this is usually called a half and half. Contrary to popular belief, however, Black and Tan as a mixture of...

 members of the Royal Irish Constabulary
Royal Irish Constabulary
The armed Royal Irish Constabulary was Ireland's major police force for most of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. A separate civic police force, the unarmed Dublin Metropolitan Police controlled the capital, and the cities of Derry and Belfast, originally with their own police...

 just outside the town that day but no casualties were sustained by either side. This information may be confirmed in "Guerrilla Days in Ireland
Guerrilla Days in Ireland
Guerilla Days in Ireland is a book written by Irish Republican Army leader Tom Barry in 1949. The book describes the actions of Barry's Third West Cork Brigade during the Anglo-Irish War, such as the ambushes at Kilmichael and Crossbarry, as well as numerous other less known attacks made by the...

" by Tom Barry
Tom Barry
Thomas Barry was one of the most prominent guerrilla leaders in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence.-Early life:...

. It is dubious as to whether these attacks accomplished their stated goal of averting future executions. A Cork IRA man had the sentence of death executed on his body two days after these Furious Pier slayings. However, he had already been condemned to die by a drumhead court marital before the attacks took place.

Only one Castletownbere man was killed in the Irish War of Independence 1916-23 - O'Dwyer killed at Kealkil Co. Cork - and he is commemorated on the plaque on Wolfe Tone square in Bantry
Bantry
Bantry is a town on the coast of County Cork, Ireland. It lies on the N71 national secondary road at the head of Bantry Bay, a deep-water gulf extending for 30 km to the west...

. When the Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...

 withdrew from Berehaven in 1938 they accidentally left behind a book containing the names and addresses of loyalist informants resident in the area. It is not known that the IRA took any action against these men.

Electricity came to the town in 1956.

Local economy

Fishing is the chief economic activity in the town but fishing only started up in a major way in the 1950s. Ships from the Soviet Union and the former Soviet Union came to Berehaven to purchase and process fish well into the 1990s. Castletownbere is currently one of the 5 main fishing ports
Fishing industry
The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products....

 on the island of Ireland. It is the largest whitefish port in the country and the 2nd-safest natural harbour in the world. It is also home to the Irish Fisheries training School, under the auspices of BIM.

Places of interest

Three miles east of the town lies Waterfall House. It was the official residence of the Royal Naval commodore of the Western Approaches
Western Approaches
The Western Approaches is a rectangular area of the Atlantic ocean lying on the western coast of Great Britain. The rectangle is higher than it is wide, the north and south boundaries defined by the north and south ends of the British Isles, the eastern boundary lying on the western coast, and the...

 squadron, anchored in Berehaven.

The Van Etten family holidayed in Ireland and they all instantaneously fell in love with Beara - they decided to move to Ireland. Waterfall house bought by the Van Etten family - supermarket owners from North Holland
North Holland
North Holland |West Frisian]]: Noard-Holland) is a province situated on the North Sea in the northwest part of the Netherlands. The provincial capital is Haarlem and its largest city is Amsterdam.-Geography:...

 - in the 1970s. Within a year of their arrival the father had died. The Van Etten family briefly ran the now defunct Wheel Inn whilst residing in Waterfall House. Another Dutch couple, former owner of the elevator company Mohringer Mr. Fonkert in Haarlem has lived there since 1982. It was then bought by the girlfriend of filmmaker Neil Jordan
Neil Jordan
Neil Patrick Jordan is an Irish filmmaker and novelist. He won an Academy Award for The Crying Game.- Early life :...

.

Beside Waterfall House lies the Hermitage, built just after the Second World War. It was built on the site of a farmstead - Curryglass House, dating back to about 1800. Erskine Hamilton Childers
Erskine Hamilton Childers
Erskine Hamilton Childers served as the fourth President of Ireland from 1973 until his death in 1974. He was a Teachta Dála from 1938 until 1973...

, President of the Irish Republic and son of the IRA man Robert Erskine Childers
Robert Erskine Childers
Robert Erskine Childers DSC , universally known as Erskine Childers, was the author of the influential novel Riddle of the Sands and an Irish nationalist who smuggled guns to Ireland in his sailing yacht Asgard. He was executed by the authorities of the nascent Irish Free State during the Irish...

, stayed in the house periodically with the owners his friends, the Bridges-Adams family in the 1970s. The house then passed the Salamas (an Irish-Egyptian family), then Dr John and Mrs. Noirin Callaghan(Corkonians) and now the Collins family - Americans of Irish birth. Mr Collins made his fortune in the United States as an executive with the food marketing company Kerry Group
Kerry Group
Kerry Group , is a public food company headquartered in Ireland. It is quoted on the Dublin ISEQ and London stock exchanges. It evolved initially from a local dairy co-op in the Munster region of Ireland...

.

People

Famous sons of the town include:
  • Timothy Harrington
    Timothy Charles Harrington
    Timothy Charles Harrington , born in Castletownbere, County Cork, was an Irish journalist, barrister, nationalist politician and Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. As a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party he represented Westmeath...

     (died 1910) the Parnellite nationalist
    National League (Ireland, 1882)
    The Irish National League was a nationalist political party in Ireland. It was founded in October 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell as the successor to the Irish National Land League after this was suppressed...

     MP and sometime Lord Mayor of Dublin
    Lord Mayor of Dublin
    The Lord Mayor of Dublin is the honorific title of the Chairman of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent is Labour Party Councillor Andrew Montague. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the...

    . He is commemorated by a statue at the east end of the town.

  • Standish James O'Grady
    Standish James O'Grady
    Standish James O'Grady was an Irish author, journalist, and historian. His father was the Reverend Thomas O'Grady, the scholarly Church of Ireland minister of Castletown Berehaven, County Cork, and his mother Susanna Doe...

     (died 1928), the writer, was also born here where his father was the Church of Ireland
    Church of Ireland
    The Church of Ireland is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. The church operates in all parts of Ireland and is the second largest religious body on the island after the Roman Catholic Church...

     clergyman. Castletownbere erected a shrine to O'Grady near his birthplace the Glebe House.

  • Dr Aiden MacCarthy (1914–1992) is celebrated for his great courage, resource and humanity while a prisoner of the Japan
    Japan
    Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

    ese during the second world war
    World War II
    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

     which he described in his book 'A Doctor's War'. Both his daughters live in the town. Nikki used to run a restaurant
    Restaurant
    A restaurant is an establishment which prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services...

     and Adrienne runs the world famous MacCarthy's bar on the square which featured on the cover and in the title of the book by the late comic Pete McCarthy
    Pete McCarthy
    Pete McCarthy , was a British broadcaster and successful travel writer, noted for his books McCarthy's Bar and The Road to McCarthy.-Biography:...

    .

Amenities

Castletownbere boasts the Church of the Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

) and St Peter's Church (Church of Ireland
Church of Ireland
The Church of Ireland is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. The church operates in all parts of Ireland and is the second largest religious body on the island after the Roman Catholic Church...

). The Church of the Sacred Heart was built in 1912 on the site of an earlier chapel. There was a full-time Anglican clergyman in the town until shortly after the Second World War.

The greatest local amenity is probably the sea. A fantastically varied and dramatic coastline ripe for fishing. There are many spots from which to cast a rod from the rocks. Also there are a number of deep sea angling boats for hire by the day in Castletownbere. A ferry connects to nearby Bere Island
Bere Island
Bere Island or Bear Island is an island off the west coast of County Cork, Ireland. It is roughly 11 km x 5 km in dimension and has a population of 210....

. A marina on Bere Island caters for the visiting sailing boat and crews. Locally sea kayaking and scuba diving are taught and day or week sessions can be arranged.

If you are not inclined towards the sea, move into the hills. Horse and pony riding, hill walking and a range of ancient archaeological sites abound. A designated walking route around Beara called the Beara Way
Beara Way
The Beara Way is a long-distance trail in Ireland. It is a long circular trail around the Beara Peninsula that begins and ends in Glengarriff, County Cork. It is typically completed in nine days...

, it travels around the peninsula and shows off spectacular views and the unique untouched quality of this almost undiscovered peninsula.

Sport

There is a nine-hole golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....

 course two miles east of the town which was founded in 1989. See Links) A Gaelic Athletic Association
Gaelic Athletic Association
The Gaelic Athletic Association is an amateur Irish and international cultural and sporting organisation focused primarily on promoting Gaelic games, which include the traditional Irish sports of hurling, camogie, Gaelic football, handball and rounders...

 pitch to the west of the town caters for traditional Gaelic Games and a rowing regatta is contested every August bank holiday weekend.

See also

  • Bantry Bay
    Bantry Bay
    Bantry Bay is a bay located in County Cork, southwest Ireland. The bay runs approximately from northeast to southwest into the Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 3-to-4 km wide at the head and wide at the entrance....

  • List of RNLI stations
  • List of towns and villages in Ireland

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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