Cecil R. Reynolds
Encyclopedia
Cecil Randy Reynolds is an American
psychology
professor best known for his work in psychological testing and assessment.
by Richard Nixon
, after being drafted by the New York Mets
. He played on various minor league teams within the Mets organization, making 3 all-star teams in different leagues, prior to a career-ending injury in 1974, the year of his first major league contract.
in Psychology in 1975 from University of North Carolina at Wilmington
. He then attended University of Georgia
(UGA), earning a M.Ed. in Psychometrics in 1976, an Ed.S. in School Psychology in 1977, and a Ph.D.
in Educational Psychology in 1978 while studying under Alan S. Kaufman
and Ellis Paul Torrance
(he was inducted into the UGA Hall of Fame for lifetime achievement in 2006). He completed his internship at the Medical College of Georgia, being mentored there by Lawrence Hartlage.
(TAMU) by the bitter Nebraska
winters. In 2006, he was named the Buros Institute Distinguished Reviewer of the Year. Dr. Reynolds taught courses primarily in the areas of psychological testing and diagnosis and in neuropsychology in addition to supervising clinical practica in testing and assessment. He remained at TAMU from summer of 1981, where he was a Professor of Educational Psychology, a Professor of Neuroscience, and a Distinguished Research Scholar, until his retirement from the university on July 31 of 2008. In September 2008, he was honored by the Texas A&M University Board of Regents with the title of Emeritus.
Dr. Reynolds holds a diplomate in Clinical Neuropsychology from the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology, of which he is also a past president, a diplomate in Pediatric Neuropsychology from the American Board of Pediatric Neuropsychology, and was a diplomate in School Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, prior to retiring his diplomate in 2004. He is a past president of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, APA Division 5 (Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics), APA Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology), and APA Div. 16 (School Psychology). He is a Fellow of APA Divisions 1, 5, 15, 16, 40, and 53. He maintained a clinical practice for more than 25 years, primarily treating children who had been sexually assaulted as well as individuals with traumatic brain injury. His current consulting work is restricted to his forensic practice.
(APA) honored him with Early Career Awards from the Division of Educational Psychology and separately from the Division of Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics. He received the Lightner Witmer Award from the APA's Division of School Psychology as the outstanding yound school psychologist in the association as well. In 1999, he received the APA Division of School Psychology's Senior Scientist Award. He is Past-President of three APA divisions, School Psychology (16), Clinical Neuropsychology (40), and Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics (5). He is editor-in-chief of the APA journal Psychological Assessment with a 6-year term, beginning January 1, 2009. He was editor-in-chief of Applied Neuropsychology, from 2004–2008, and serves (or has served) on the editorial boards of 16 scientific journals. He served 12 years as editor and editor-elect of the Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Reynolds has served as Associate Editor of the Journal of Special Education and of School Psychology Quarterly. He is a Past-president of the National Academy of Neuropsychology as well and has received the Academy's Distinguished Clinical Neuropsychologist Award, the Distinguished Service Award, and the President's Gold Medal for service to the Academy. In 1999, the APA Division of School Psychology recognized Reynolds with its Senior Scientist Award. He received the 50th Anniversary Razor Walker Award from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington for his service to the youth of America. He has been named a Distinguished Alumnus of the Year by both of his alma maters, the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and the University of Georgia, the latter also electing him to their academic Hall of Fame. In 2002 he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Wilford Hall, the USAF showcase hospital and training facility at Lackland AF Base in San Antonio, Texas, where he conducted grand rounds. Dr. Reynolds also conducted grand rounds at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester MN on the issue of diagnosing learning disorders, and has served as a discussant at pediatric grand rounds on several occasions at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. He has received multiple other national awards for research accomplishments and service as well, including, in 2010, the American Psychological Association's Division of School Psychology Jack I. Bardon Award for a Lifetime of Distinguished Service.
, an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson
and published in the Wall Street Journal, which presented a scientific consensus regarding (then) current findings on intelligence
to assist in clarifying and differentiating mainstream consensus findings on the issue from some of the more scientifically controversial statements in Herrnstein and Murray's volume, The Bell Curve
(in which he was miscited as "Cyril" Reynolds).
Remarkably, two of his scientific papers (Reynolds and Richmond, 1978, and Reynolds, 1984) have become the most cited articles in the history of their respective journals, the former in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology and the latter in the Journal of Special Education.
He is best known however for his scholarly work in the general area of cultural bias in psychological testing and in the development of methods of psychological test interpretation. His early proliferation of papers on the cross-cultural validity and reliability of psychological and educational tests for ethnic minorities born and reared in the United States clearly refuted the popular claims of bias in psychological testing advocated in the lay press. He also developed recommendations and research methods for evaluating such claims on an objective, scientific basis (e. g., Reynolds, 1983). His later works focused on elaborating these research methods and findings with a variety of tests and measurements and expanding methods for the conduct of such research. Simultaneously, especially in the 1990s and beyond, he began a series of works on the refinement of methods of diagnosis in psychology and in neuropsychology that have led him to become one of the most prolific authors and developers of innovative pscyhological testing techniques in the history of the field.
Other well-known publications include The Handbook of School Psychology, the Encyclopedia of Special Education, and the Handbook of Psychological and Educational Assessment of Children, among more than 50 total books and over 300 scholarly publications. He authored the widely used Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL),the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, as well as co-authored the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC, now in its second edition, the BASC-2) along with Randy Kamphaus. The BASC-2 is the most frequently individually administered psychological test in the United States public schools. Again with Randy Kamphaus, he is senior author of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, and is author or coauthor of 24 commercially published psychological tests (e. g., Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly, Comprehensive Trailmaking Test, Koppitz-2 Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt Test
, Test of Irregular Word Reading Efficiency, Test of Memory and Learning, Developmental Test of Visual Perception for Adolescents and Adults, the Developmental Test of Auditory Perception, DAP: IQ, Test of Verbal Conceptualization and Fluency, and the School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory, among others) being one of the most prolific, and most often cited, authors in the profession.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
professor best known for his work in psychological testing and assessment.
Early life
Reynolds was born on February 7, 1952 at the US Naval Hospital in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. His father, Cecil C. Reynolds, was a career marine, enlisting in 1929 and retiring in 1960. His mother, Daphne, owned and taught at a private preschool and kindergarten for 25 years, later becoming a published poet and author of children's books. Reynolds attended New Hanover High School, graduating in 1969, and turned down a Presidential appointment to the United States Naval AcademyUnited States Naval Academy
The United States Naval Academy is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located in Annapolis, Maryland, United States...
by Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under...
, after being drafted by the New York Mets
New York Mets
The New York Mets are a professional baseball team based in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York. They belong to Major League Baseball's National League East Division. One of baseball's first expansion teams, the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed National League...
. He played on various minor league teams within the Mets organization, making 3 all-star teams in different leagues, prior to a career-ending injury in 1974, the year of his first major league contract.
Higher education
Reynolds then returned to his education, earning his B.A.Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
in Psychology in 1975 from University of North Carolina at Wilmington
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, sometimes referred to as UNC Wilmington, is a public, co-educational university located in Wilmington, North Carolina...
. He then attended University of Georgia
University of Georgia
The University of Georgia is a public research university located in Athens, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1785, it is the oldest and largest of the state's institutions of higher learning and is one of multiple schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States...
(UGA), earning a M.Ed. in Psychometrics in 1976, an Ed.S. in School Psychology in 1977, and a Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
in Educational Psychology in 1978 while studying under Alan S. Kaufman
Alan S. Kaufman
Alan S. Kaufman is an American psychology professor known for his work on intelligence testing.- Early life and career :Born in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island, Kaufman earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1965; M.A. in Educational Psychology from Columbia...
and Ellis Paul Torrance
Ellis Paul Torrance
Ellis Paul Torrance was an American psychologist from Milledgeville, Georgia.After completing his undergraduate degree at Mercer University, he went on to complete a Master's degree at the University of Minnesota, and then a doctorate from the University of Michigan...
(he was inducted into the UGA Hall of Fame for lifetime achievement in 2006). He completed his internship at the Medical College of Georgia, being mentored there by Lawrence Hartlage.
Academic career
In summer of 1978 he took his first academic position at the University of Nebraska where he remained for 3 years, where he wrote the grants to obtain the Buros Institute for the University, and became the first Director of the Buros Institute after its founder, Oscar Krisen Buros (Reynolds was Acting-director during the search for a permanent new director, 1979–1980,and worked as Associate Director in 1980-1981) prior to being driven south to Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University
Texas A&M University is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas . It is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System. The sixth-largest university in the United States, A&M's enrollment for Fall 2011 was over 50,000 for the first time in school...
(TAMU) by the bitter Nebraska
Nebraska
Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....
winters. In 2006, he was named the Buros Institute Distinguished Reviewer of the Year. Dr. Reynolds taught courses primarily in the areas of psychological testing and diagnosis and in neuropsychology in addition to supervising clinical practica in testing and assessment. He remained at TAMU from summer of 1981, where he was a Professor of Educational Psychology, a Professor of Neuroscience, and a Distinguished Research Scholar, until his retirement from the university on July 31 of 2008. In September 2008, he was honored by the Texas A&M University Board of Regents with the title of Emeritus.
Dr. Reynolds holds a diplomate in Clinical Neuropsychology from the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology, of which he is also a past president, a diplomate in Pediatric Neuropsychology from the American Board of Pediatric Neuropsychology, and was a diplomate in School Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, prior to retiring his diplomate in 2004. He is a past president of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, APA Division 5 (Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics), APA Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology), and APA Div. 16 (School Psychology). He is a Fellow of APA Divisions 1, 5, 15, 16, 40, and 53. He maintained a clinical practice for more than 25 years, primarily treating children who had been sexually assaulted as well as individuals with traumatic brain injury. His current consulting work is restricted to his forensic practice.
Professional honors
The American Psychological AssociationAmerican Psychological Association
The American Psychological Association is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States. It is the world's largest association of psychologists with around 154,000 members including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. The APA...
(APA) honored him with Early Career Awards from the Division of Educational Psychology and separately from the Division of Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics. He received the Lightner Witmer Award from the APA's Division of School Psychology as the outstanding yound school psychologist in the association as well. In 1999, he received the APA Division of School Psychology's Senior Scientist Award. He is Past-President of three APA divisions, School Psychology (16), Clinical Neuropsychology (40), and Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics (5). He is editor-in-chief of the APA journal Psychological Assessment with a 6-year term, beginning January 1, 2009. He was editor-in-chief of Applied Neuropsychology, from 2004–2008, and serves (or has served) on the editorial boards of 16 scientific journals. He served 12 years as editor and editor-elect of the Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Reynolds has served as Associate Editor of the Journal of Special Education and of School Psychology Quarterly. He is a Past-president of the National Academy of Neuropsychology as well and has received the Academy's Distinguished Clinical Neuropsychologist Award, the Distinguished Service Award, and the President's Gold Medal for service to the Academy. In 1999, the APA Division of School Psychology recognized Reynolds with its Senior Scientist Award. He received the 50th Anniversary Razor Walker Award from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington for his service to the youth of America. He has been named a Distinguished Alumnus of the Year by both of his alma maters, the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and the University of Georgia, the latter also electing him to their academic Hall of Fame. In 2002 he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Wilford Hall, the USAF showcase hospital and training facility at Lackland AF Base in San Antonio, Texas, where he conducted grand rounds. Dr. Reynolds also conducted grand rounds at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester MN on the issue of diagnosing learning disorders, and has served as a discussant at pediatric grand rounds on several occasions at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. He has received multiple other national awards for research accomplishments and service as well, including, in 2010, the American Psychological Association's Division of School Psychology Jack I. Bardon Award for a Lifetime of Distinguished Service.
Writings
In 1994, he was one of 52 signatories on Mainstream Science on IntelligenceMainstream Science on Intelligence
Mainstream Science on Intelligence was a public statement issued by a group of academic researchers in fields allied to intelligence testing that claimed to present those findings widely accepted in the expert community...
, an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson
Linda Gottfredson
Linda Susanne Gottfredson is a professor of educational psychology at the University of Delaware and co-director of the Delaware-Johns Hopkins Project for the Study of Intelligence and Society. Gottfredson's work has been influential in shaping U.S...
and published in the Wall Street Journal, which presented a scientific consensus regarding (then) current findings on intelligence
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in different ways, including the abilities for abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, planning, emotional intelligence and problem solving....
to assist in clarifying and differentiating mainstream consensus findings on the issue from some of the more scientifically controversial statements in Herrnstein and Murray's volume, The Bell Curve
The Bell Curve
The Bell Curve is a best-selling and controversial 1994 book by the Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray...
(in which he was miscited as "Cyril" Reynolds).
Remarkably, two of his scientific papers (Reynolds and Richmond, 1978, and Reynolds, 1984) have become the most cited articles in the history of their respective journals, the former in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology and the latter in the Journal of Special Education.
He is best known however for his scholarly work in the general area of cultural bias in psychological testing and in the development of methods of psychological test interpretation. His early proliferation of papers on the cross-cultural validity and reliability of psychological and educational tests for ethnic minorities born and reared in the United States clearly refuted the popular claims of bias in psychological testing advocated in the lay press. He also developed recommendations and research methods for evaluating such claims on an objective, scientific basis (e. g., Reynolds, 1983). His later works focused on elaborating these research methods and findings with a variety of tests and measurements and expanding methods for the conduct of such research. Simultaneously, especially in the 1990s and beyond, he began a series of works on the refinement of methods of diagnosis in psychology and in neuropsychology that have led him to become one of the most prolific authors and developers of innovative pscyhological testing techniques in the history of the field.
Other well-known publications include The Handbook of School Psychology, the Encyclopedia of Special Education, and the Handbook of Psychological and Educational Assessment of Children, among more than 50 total books and over 300 scholarly publications. He authored the widely used Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL),the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, as well as co-authored the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC, now in its second edition, the BASC-2) along with Randy Kamphaus. The BASC-2 is the most frequently individually administered psychological test in the United States public schools. Again with Randy Kamphaus, he is senior author of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, and is author or coauthor of 24 commercially published psychological tests (e. g., Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly, Comprehensive Trailmaking Test, Koppitz-2 Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt Test
Bender-Gestalt Test
The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, or simply the Bender-Gestalt test, is a psychological test first developed by child neuropsychiatrist Lauretta Bender. The test is used to evaluate "visual-motor maturity", to screen for developmental disorders, or to assess neurological function or brain...
, Test of Irregular Word Reading Efficiency, Test of Memory and Learning, Developmental Test of Visual Perception for Adolescents and Adults, the Developmental Test of Auditory Perception, DAP: IQ, Test of Verbal Conceptualization and Fluency, and the School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory, among others) being one of the most prolific, and most often cited, authors in the profession.
External links
- Cecil Reynolds profile and curriculum vitae via Texas A&M