Central Kalimantan
Encyclopedia
Central Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia
, one of four in Kalimantan
- the Indonesia
n part of the island of Borneo
. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya.
The province has a population of just over 2.2 million at the 2010 Census. The population grew 2.7% annually between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010, the average annual growth rate was slightly over 2.0%. Far more than other province in the region, Central Kalimantan is dominated by the Dayak
s, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.
. Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province.
In 1957, South Kalimantan
was thus divided to provide the Dayak population greater autonomy from the Muslim
population in that province. It was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangka Raya the provincial capital.
The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are the Ngaju
, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan
Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan
, Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.
In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, the province also groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Javanese, Maduranese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.
The Schwaner Mountains stretch from the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers, and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang, Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.
The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan, resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park
is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan
. Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project
, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies.
The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776 - 3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.
. The major rivers include:
Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers.
In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Demang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes.
will build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan
for coal transportation and also for passengers with estimated cost $2.5 billion.
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
, one of four in Kalimantan
Kalimantan
In English, the term Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo, while in Indonesian, the term "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo....
- the Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n part of the island of Borneo
Borneo
Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located north of Java Island, Indonesia, at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia....
. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya.
The province has a population of just over 2.2 million at the 2010 Census. The population grew 2.7% annually between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010, the average annual growth rate was slightly over 2.0%. Far more than other province in the region, Central Kalimantan is dominated by the Dayak
Dayak people
The Dayak or Dyak are the native people of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic subgroups, located principally in the interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily...
s, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.
History
Since the eighteenth century, the central region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of BanjarSultanate of Banjar
Sultanate of Banjar was a sultanate that is now located at South Kalimantan Province. At first, the capital of the sultanate was Banjarmasin, but then moved to Martapura.- History :...
. Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province.
In 1957, South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
was thus divided to provide the Dayak population greater autonomy from the Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
population in that province. It was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangka Raya the provincial capital.
The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are the Ngaju
Ngaju people
Ngaju are indigenous people of Borneo from the Dayak group. They speak Ngaju language.-External links:*...
, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan
Ma'anyan people
Ma'anyan or Maanyak are a people indigenous to Borneo from the Dayak group. They speak Ma'anyan language.-External links:...
Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan
Lawangan people
Lawangan are indigenous people of Borneo from the Dayak group. They speak Lawangan language.-External links:*...
, Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.
In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, the province also groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Javanese, Maduranese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.
Geography
Central Kalimantan is the 3rd largest Indonesian province by area with a size of 153,800 km2, about 1.5 times the size of the island of Java. It is bordered by West and East Kalimantan provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South and East Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west.The Schwaner Mountains stretch from the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers, and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang, Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.
The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan, resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park
Sabangau National Park
Sabangau National Park is a national park in Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo.- Geography :...
is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan
Orangutan
Orangutans are the only exclusively Asian genus of extant great ape. The largest living arboreal animals, they have proportionally longer arms than the other, more terrestrial, great apes. They are among the most intelligent primates and use a variety of sophisticated tools, also making sleeping...
. Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project
Mega Rice Project (Kalimantan)
The Mega Rice Project was initiated in 1996 in the southern sections of Kalimantan, the Indonesian section of Borneo. The goal was to turn one million hectares of unproductive and sparsely populated peat swamp forest into rice paddies in an effort to allieviate Indonesia's growing food shortage....
, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies.
The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776 - 3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.
Rivers
Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from the catchment areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains, flowing to the Java SeaJava Sea
The Java Sea is a large shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf. It was formed as sea levels rose at the end of the last ice age. The Java Sea lies between the Indonesian islands of Borneo to the north, Java to the south; Sumatra to the west, and Sulawesi to the east...
. The major rivers include:
- Barito RiverBarito RiverBarito is a 890 km long river, located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It originates in the Muller Mountain Range from where it flows southward into the Java Sea...
(900 km) - Kapuas River (600 km)
- Kahayan RiverKahayan RiverThe Kahayan river, or Great Dyak, is the largest river in Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia in Kalimantan - the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. The provincial capital Palangkaraya lies on the river. The main inhabitants are Dyaks, who practice slash-and-burn rice cultivation and...
(600 km) - Katingan River (600 km)
- Mentaya River (400 km)
- Seruyan River (350 km)
- Lamandau River (300 km)
- Arut River (250 km)
- Sebangau River (200 km)
- Kumai River (179 km)
- Jelai River (100 km)
Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers.
Administration
Central Kalimantan is administratively divided into thirteen regencies (each headed by a regent) and one city - the latter being Palangka Raya (the provincial capital). These are as follows:| Name | Capital | Population 2000 Census | Population 2005 estimate | Population 2010 Census |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sukamara Regency Sukamara Regency Sukamara Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Sukamara is the capital of Sukamara Regency. The population of Sukamara Regency was 44,838 at the 2010 Census.... |
Sukamara | |||
| Lamandau Regency Lamandau Regency Lamandau Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Nanga Bulik is the capital of Lamandau Regency. The population of Lamandau Regency was 62,776 at the 2010 Census.... |
Nanga Bulik | |||
| West Kotawaringin Regency West Kotawaringin Regency West Kotawaringin Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Pangkalan Bun is the capital of West Kotawaringin Regency. The population of West Kotawaringin Regency was 235,274 at the 2010 Census.... (Kotawaringin Barat) |
Pankalan Bun | |||
| Seruyan Regency Seruyan Regency Seruyan Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Kuala Pembuang is the capital of Seruyan Regency. The population of Seruyan Regency was 139,443 at the 2010 Census.... |
Kuala Pembuang | |||
| East Kotawaringin Regency East Kotawaringin Regency East Kotawaringin Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Sampit is the capital of East Kotawaringin Regency. The population of East Kotawaringin Regency was 373,842 at the 2010 Census.... (Kotawaringin Timur) |
Sampit Sampit Sampit is a town and a timber port on the Sampit River in the Central Kalimantan province in Indonesia. It is the seat of East Kotawaringin regency. Sampit is the biggest timber port in all of Indonesia.... |
|||
| Katingan Regency Katingan Regency Katingan Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Kasongan is the capital of Katingan Regency. The population of Katingan Regency was 141,205 at the 2010 Census.... |
Kasongan | |||
| Palangka Raya City | Palangka Raya | |||
| Pulang Pisau Regency Pulang Pisau Regency Pulang Pisau Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Pulang Pisau is the capital of Pulang Pisau Regency. The population of Pulang Pisau Regency was 119,630 at the 2010 Census.... |
Pulang Pisau | |||
| Gunung Mas Regency Gunung Mas Regency Gunung Mas Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Kuala Kurun is the capital of Gunung Mas Regency. The population of Gunung Mas Regency is 96,838 at the 2010 Census.... |
Kuala Kurun | |||
| Kapuas Regency Kapuas Regency Kapuas Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which divide the island of Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Kuala Kapuas is the capital of Kapuas Regency. The population of Kapuas Regency is 329,406 .... |
Kuala Kapuas | |||
| Murung Raya Regency Murung Raya Regency Murung Raya Regency is the most northerly of the thirteen regencies which comprise the province of Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The capital of the district is Puruk Cahu. Prior to the 2002 reorganization, this district was a division of the North Barito Regency... |
Purukcahu | |||
| North Barito Regency North Barito Regency North Barito Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which divide the island of Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Muara Teweh is the capital of North Barito Regency. The population of North Barito Regency is 122,929 .... (Barito Utara) |
Muara Teweh | |||
| East Barito Regency East Barito Regency East Barito Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan , Indonesia. The town of Tamiang Layang is the capital of East Barito Regency. The population of East Barito Regency was 96,820 at the 2010 Census.... (Barito Timur) |
Tamiang Layang | |||
| South Barito Regency South Barito Regency South Barito Regency is one of the thirteen regencies which divide the island of Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Buntok is the capital of South Barito Regency. The population of South Barito Regency is 122,929 .... (Barito Selatan) |
Buntok | |||
| Totals |
In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Demang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes.
Railroads
RussiaRussia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
will build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
East Kalimantan is the second largest Indonesian province, located on the Kalimantan region on the east of Borneo island. The resource-rich province has two major cities, Samarinda and Balikpapan...
for coal transportation and also for passengers with estimated cost $2.5 billion.