Cerithioidea
Encyclopedia
The Cerithioidea is a superfamily
of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod
containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha
. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.
and subtropic seas on rocky intertidal
shores, seagrass
beds and algal fronds, but also in estuarine and freshwater
habitats. The freshwater species are found on all continents, except Antarctica. They are dominant members of mangrove
forests, estuarine mudflat
s, fast-flowing rivers and placid lakes.
but they began radiating mainly during the Cretaceous
.
(one lineage). However the phylogenetic relationships between its families are still under investigation because Mitochondrial
recombinant DNA
sequences failed to resolve these questions.
, the following families are included in Cerithioidea:
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger
, †.)
It is possible that a further detailed examination may show that the polyphyletic families Melanopsidae
and Pleuroceridae
are one family. There is also a close phylogenetic relationship between the families Modulidae
and Potamididae
and between the families Cerithiidae
and Litiopidae
.
Changes include:
superfamily Cerithioidea
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
of marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod
Gastropoda
The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca. The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to quite large...
containing more than 200 genera. The Cerithoidea are included in the clade Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.-1997 taxonomy:...
. The original name of this superfamily was Cerithiacea, in keeping with common superfamily endings at the time.
Ecology
Cerithioidea is a very diverse superfamily. Its species can be found worldwide mainly in tropicTropics
The tropics is a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth...
and subtropic seas on rocky intertidal
Intertidal zone
The intertidal zone is the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide . This area can include many different types of habitats, with many types of animals like starfish, sea urchins, and some species of coral...
shores, seagrass
Seagrass
Seagrasses are flowering plants from one of four plant families , all in the order Alismatales , which grow in marine, fully saline environments.-Ecology:...
beds and algal fronds, but also in estuarine and freshwater
Freshwater
Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and...
habitats. The freshwater species are found on all continents, except Antarctica. They are dominant members of mangrove
Mangrove
Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes N and S...
forests, estuarine mudflat
Mudflat
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats, are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries. Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of...
s, fast-flowing rivers and placid lakes.
Fossil record
Their fossil record of this superfamily can be traced back as far as the early TriassicTriassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya . As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events...
but they began radiating mainly during the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
.
Taxonomy
The Cerithioidea are presumed to be monophyleticMonophyly
In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly...
(one lineage). However the phylogenetic relationships between its families are still under investigation because Mitochondrial
Mitochondrion
In cell biology, a mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers in diameter...
recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA sequences that result from the use of laboratory methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in biological organisms...
sequences failed to resolve these questions.
2005 taxonomy
According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
, the following families are included in Cerithioidea:
- BatillariidaeBatillariidaeBatillariidae, common name batillariids or mudcreepers, are a family of marine, cerithioidean gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.They consist of 14 living species, classified in six to eight genera....
Thiele, 1929 - monophyleticMonophylyIn common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly... - † BrachytrematidaeBrachytrematidaeBrachytrematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Brachytrematidae has no subfamilies....
Cossmann, 1906 - † CassiopidaeCassiopidae†Cassiopidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Cassiopidae has no subfamilies....
Beurlen, 1967 - CerithiidaeCerithiidaeCerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Distribution :...
Fleming, 1822 - monophyletic - DialidaeDialidaeDialidae, common name dialids, is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Dialidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
Kay, 1979 - DiastomatidaeDiastomatidaeDiastomatidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Diastomatidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
Cossman, 1894 - † EustomatidaeEustomatidaeEustomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Eustomatidae has no subfamilies....
Cossmann, 1906 - † LadinulidaeLadinulidaeLadinulidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Ladinulidae has no subfamilies....
Bandel, 1992 - † LanascalidaeLanascalidaeLanascalidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Lanascalidae has no subfamilies....
Bandel, 1992 - LitiopidaeLitiopidaeLitiopidae, common name litiopids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Litiopidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
Gray, 1847 - † Maoraxidae Bandel, Gründel, Maxwell, 2000
- MelanopsidaeMelanopsidaeMelanopsidae, common name melanopsids, is a family of freshwater gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Species in this family are native to southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, parts of the Middle East, New Zealand, and freshwater streams of some large South Pacific islands.These snails...
H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - freshwater snails, polyphyleticPolyphylyA polyphyletic group is one whose members' last common ancestor is not a member of the group.For example, the group consisting of warm-blooded animals is polyphyletic, because it contains both mammals and birds, but the most recent common ancestor of mammals and birds was cold-blooded... - † MetacerithiidaeMetacerithiidaeMetacerithiidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Metacerithiidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
Cossmann, 1906 - ModulidaeModulidaeModulidae, common name modulids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Modulidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
P. Fischer, 1884 - PachychilidaePachychilidaePachychilidae, common name pachychilids, is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Distribution :Pachychilids are freshwater snails with a worldwide distribution in the tropics...
P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892 - PaludomidaePaludomidaePaludomidae, common name paludomids, is a family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
Stoliczka, 1868 - PlanaxidaePlanaxidaePlanaxidae, common name planaxids, are a taxonomic family of small and minute sea snails, pantropical marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :...
Gray, 1850 - PleuroceridaePleuroceridaePleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....
P. Fischer, 1885 (1863) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic - † PopenellidaePopenellidaePopenellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Popenellidae has no subfamilies....
Bandel, 1992 - PotamididaePotamididaePotamididae, common name potamidids , are a family of small to large brackish water snails living in mangroves, gastropod molluscs of the clade Sorbeoconcha. Traditionally, potamidids and batillariids have been confused with each other for having similar shells and living in a similar environment...
H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - monophyletic - † ProcerithiidaeProcerithiidaeProcerithiidae is a family of snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.Argyropeza is the only genus in the Procerithiidae, that is extant.- Taxonomy :...
Cossmann, 1906 - If the genus ArgyropezaArgyropezaArgyropeza is a genus of small deep-sea sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Procerithiidae.The name of this genus is derived from the Greek word arguropeza , the epithet given by Homer to the sea nymph Thetis....
is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is no longer exclusively a family of fossils. - † ProstyliferidaeProstyliferidaeProstyliferidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Prostyliferidae has no subfamilies....
Bandel, 1992 - † PropupaspiridaePropupaspiridaePropupaspiridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Propupaspiridae has no subfamilies....
Nützel, Pan & Erwin, 2002 - ScaliolidaeScaliolidaeScaliolidae, common name scaliolids, is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.The sand agglutinates to the teleoconch in Scaliola.- 2005 taxonomy :...
Jousseaume, 1912 - monophyletic - SiliquariidaeSiliquariidaeSiliquariidae is a family of sea snails with unusual, very loosely coiled shells. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Taxonomy :The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
Anton, 1838 - † TerebrellidaeTerebrellidaeTerebrellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, fossil marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha. However Terebrellidae is not a valid name....
Delpey, 1941 - not a valid nameValid name (zoology)In zoological nomenclature, the valid name of a taxon is the zoological name that is to be used for that taxon following the rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature . In other words: a valid name is the correct zoological name of a taxon.In contrast, an invalid name is a name... - ThiaridaeThiaridaeThiaridae, common name thiarids, is a family of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea....
Gill, 1871 (1823) - freshwater snails, polyphyletic - TurritellidaeTurritellidaeTurritellidae, the tower snails, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.These snails are filter feeders...
Lovén, 1847 - monophyletic
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger
Dagger (typography)
A dagger, or obelisk. is a typographical symbol or glyph. The term "obelisk" derives from Greek , which means "little obelus"; from meaning "roasting spit"...
, †.)
It is possible that a further detailed examination may show that the polyphyletic families Melanopsidae
Melanopsidae
Melanopsidae, common name melanopsids, is a family of freshwater gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha. Species in this family are native to southern and eastern Europe, northern Africa, parts of the Middle East, New Zealand, and freshwater streams of some large South Pacific islands.These snails...
and Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....
are one family. There is also a close phylogenetic relationship between the families Modulidae
Modulidae
Modulidae, common name modulids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Modulidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
and Potamididae
Potamididae
Potamididae, common name potamidids , are a family of small to large brackish water snails living in mangroves, gastropod molluscs of the clade Sorbeoconcha. Traditionally, potamidids and batillariids have been confused with each other for having similar shells and living in a similar environment...
and between the families Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.- Distribution :...
and Litiopidae
Litiopidae
Litiopidae, common name litiopids, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Litiopidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
.
2006 taxonomy
Bandel (2006) made numerous changes in Cerithioidea. He classified superfamily Cerithioidea in the clade Cerithimorpha.Changes include:
superfamily Cerithioidea
- family Bittiidae Cossmann, 1906 - consider Bittiidae in its own family level. It was as subfamily Bittiinae within Cerithiidae by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
- family † MaturifusidaeMaturifusidaeMaturifusidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Hypsogastropoda.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Maturifusidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily....
- moved to Cerithioidea from Hypsogastropoda - family † CanterburyellidaeCanterburyellidae† Canterburyellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Canterburyellidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to to superfamily....
- moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha - family † PrisciphoridaePrisciphoridae† Prisciphoridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.The original spelling was Prisciophoridae, but it was changed Prisciphoridae....
- moved to Cerithioidea from unallocated Sorbeoconcha - family † Zardinellopsidae Bandel, 2006 - new family
- family Pachymelaniidae - considered as valid family. It was as synonym of Thiaridae.
- some Pyrguliferidae members (a synonym) are in Paludomidae and some are in Paramelaniidae (instead of Thiaridae)
- family Paramelaniidae at family level (instead of a synonym of Paludomidae)
- and some moves to other taxa
2009 taxonomy
- Subfamily Semisulcospirinae within PleuroceridaePleuroceridaePleuroceridae, common name pleurocerids, is a family of small to medium-sized freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.These snails have an operculum and typically a robust high-spired shell....
was elevated to family level under the name SemisulcospiridaeSemisulcospiridaeSemisulcospiridae, common name semisulcospirids, is a family of freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks with an operculum, in the superfamily Cerithioidea....
by Strong & Köhler (2009).