Chalconoid
Encyclopedia
Chalconoids, also known as chalcones, are natural phenols related to chalcone
. They form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds. They show antibacterial, antifungal
, antitumor and anti-inflammatory
properties. Some chalconoids demonstrated the ability to block voltage-dependent potassium channels.
They are also intermediates in the biosynthesis
of flavonoid
s, which are substances widespread in plants and with an array of biological activities. Chalconoids are also intermediates in the Auwers synthesis
of flavones.
is an enzyme responsible for the production of chalconoids in plants.
Chalcone isomerase
is responsible for their conversion into flavanones and other flavonoids.
Naringenin-chalcone synthase
uses malonyl-CoA
and 4-coumaroyl-CoA to produce CoA
, naringenin chalcone, and CO2.
In aurones, the chalcone-like structure closes into a 5-atom ring instead of the more typical 6-atom ring (C ring).
Chalcone
Chalcone is an aromatic ketone and an enone that forms the central core for a variety of important biological compounds, which are known collectively as chalcones or chalconoids.-Chemical synthesis:...
. They form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds. They show antibacterial, antifungal
Antifungal drug
An antifungal medication is a medication used to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis , serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others...
, antitumor and anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation. Anti-inflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics, remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system....
properties. Some chalconoids demonstrated the ability to block voltage-dependent potassium channels.
They are also intermediates in the biosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products. The biosynthesis process often consists of several enzymatic steps in which the product of one step is used as substrate in the following step...
of flavonoid
Flavonoid
Flavonoids , are a class of plant secondary metabolites....
s, which are substances widespread in plants and with an array of biological activities. Chalconoids are also intermediates in the Auwers synthesis
Auwers synthesis
The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908....
of flavones.
Biosynthesis and metabolism
Chalcone synthaseChalcone synthase
Chalcone synthases are a family of polyketide synthase enzymes associated with the production of chalcones, a class of organic compounds found mainly in plants as natural defense mechanisms and as synthetic intermediates, for example in the production of pigments...
is an enzyme responsible for the production of chalconoids in plants.
Chalcone isomerase
Chalcone isomerase
In enzymology, a chalcone isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate, a chalcone, and one product, a flavanone....
is responsible for their conversion into flavanones and other flavonoids.
Naringenin-chalcone synthase
Naringenin-chalcone synthase
In enzymology, a naringenin-chalcone synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA, whereas its 3 products are CoA, naringenin chalcone, and CO2....
uses malonyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA
Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative.-Functions:It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis....
and 4-coumaroyl-CoA to produce CoA
Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All sequenced genomes encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it as a substrate...
, naringenin chalcone, and CO2.
In aurones, the chalcone-like structure closes into a 5-atom ring instead of the more typical 6-atom ring (C ring).