Challenge square dance
Encyclopedia
Challenge square dance, also known as challenge dancing, is modern Western square dance
at the most difficult or challenging levels. There are five dance programs
at the challenge level; these are called Basic Challenge (C1), Extended Challenge (C2), Extended Challenge (C3A), Challenge 3B (C3B) and Challenge 4 (C4). The 1st three of these have formal lists, maintained and organized by Callerlab
, while the last 2 exist on a more ad-hoc basis, maintained by a small set of interested callers. As a result of this there are a few different C4 lists, mostly the same, but with various differences.
Challenge square dancing emphasizes the puzzle-solving aspects of square dancing, as typified by the extensive use of square dance concepts and phantom dancers in addition to the use of complex square dance calls.
C1 dancers must be familiar with about 250 calls (including those from Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced). By C3, the dancers must be familiar with more than 400 calls. The number of calls at C4 is not well-defined; however, C4 dancers typically know at least 700 calls.
There are only a few concepts before C1, e.g., the "As Couples" concept in Advanced.
Each Challenge level adds about another ten new concepts. As with calls, the number of concepts at C4 is not as well-defined.
In addition, concepts can be nested, so that a call is modified by more than one. For example, "Tandem" means that two dancers one behind the other act as one dancer, while "Stable" means that the dancers are to move from place to place as the call would normally require but not change facing direction. The caller can ask that a call be done "Stable Tandem" which means that pairs of dancers must act together to execute the call, but as they do this none of them turn.
Also, many formations used at lower levels are extended to include cases where they are "distorted" -- while they have the same number of dancers and the dancers follow the same rules of interaction, they are not spaced the same way. For example, a wave may be "offset" so that the two halves are not lined up with each other, or a "parallelogram" consisting of two lines offset from each other can be considered to be two "boxes" even though the dancers in each box are not adjacent to each other. Irregular distortions, e.g., where four arbitrary dancers not lined up in any obvious way are asked to act as a wave, may also be used. In each case, the dancers must follow the rules of the basic call, but adjust their actual movements so that they correspond to the positions of the distorted formation.
Calls which cause the dancers to change from one formation to another ("shape-changers") are especially challenging to dance with phantoms because the positions themselves will be changing and the entire formation may have to move to make room for other formations (even ones that have no real dancers at all to mark their position).
Starting at the C1 level, concepts are introduced which operate on call parts. For example, the "Finish" concept means to do all of the call except for the first part. At higher levels there are meta-concepts which involve applying concepts to only certain parts of a call (e.g., "Evenly" means that only the even-numbered parts of a call should be affected by the specified concept).
To properly apply these concepts, the dancer must have both an excellent understanding of the definitions of the basic calls, including how the parts are defined, and the ability to keep track in real-time of what concepts are being applied to which parts.
similar to those at lower levels. In general, because of the limited number of dancers and callers, the higher the level the fewer clubs there will be. There are only a few cities that have clubs, with a live caller, dancing higher than C1 on a weekly basis.
Some general square dance conventions and festivals at the regional or state level include a Challenge hall, but they typically have very limited offerings above C1.
Challenge dancing is included in the much larger National Square Dance Convention (NSDC), but there is typically only one hall for Challenge and the emphasis is on the lower Challenge levels.
The annual convention of the International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
(IAGSDC) has a much more extensive Challenge program that is attended by many non-gay dancers.
In Europe, the biennial iPAC
(International Plus, Advanced, and Challenge) convention offers dedicated halls for all the Challenge levels.
Many other events held annually at various dance facilities attract Challenge dancers from a wide area who are interested in particular levels or callers.
Modern Western square dance
Modern Western square dance is one of two types of square dancing, along with traditional square dance. As a dance form, modern Western square dance grew out of traditional Western dance...
at the most difficult or challenging levels. There are five dance programs
Square dance program
A square dance program or square dance list is a set of defined square dance calls or dance steps which are associated with a level of difficulty...
at the challenge level; these are called Basic Challenge (C1), Extended Challenge (C2), Extended Challenge (C3A), Challenge 3B (C3B) and Challenge 4 (C4). The 1st three of these have formal lists, maintained and organized by Callerlab
Callerlab
Callerlab is the international association of square dance callers, and is the largest square dance association in the United States. After some initial work started in 1971, it was officially established in 1974 by several members of the Square Dance Hall of Fame.Callers from all over the world,...
, while the last 2 exist on a more ad-hoc basis, maintained by a small set of interested callers. As a result of this there are a few different C4 lists, mostly the same, but with various differences.
Challenge square dancing emphasizes the puzzle-solving aspects of square dancing, as typified by the extensive use of square dance concepts and phantom dancers in addition to the use of complex square dance calls.
Calls
The most obvious, though not the most important, difference between Challenge dancing and other square dancing is the number of calls.C1 dancers must be familiar with about 250 calls (including those from Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced). By C3, the dancers must be familiar with more than 400 calls. The number of calls at C4 is not well-defined; however, C4 dancers typically know at least 700 calls.
Concepts
In addition to the calls which denote a particular dance action, Challenge dancing makes extensive use of concepts which denote modifications to calls -- either how they are executed or to whom they apply.There are only a few concepts before C1, e.g., the "As Couples" concept in Advanced.
Each Challenge level adds about another ten new concepts. As with calls, the number of concepts at C4 is not as well-defined.
In addition, concepts can be nested, so that a call is modified by more than one. For example, "Tandem" means that two dancers one behind the other act as one dancer, while "Stable" means that the dancers are to move from place to place as the call would normally require but not change facing direction. The caller can ask that a call be done "Stable Tandem" which means that pairs of dancers must act together to execute the call, but as they do this none of them turn.
Formations
Just as Plus adds Diamonds and Advanced adds Hourglasses, Challenge dancing adds new formations which have their own rules for circulation as well as calls that apply specifically to them. Additional formations include Butterflies, Galaxies, Triangles, Xs, and Zs.Also, many formations used at lower levels are extended to include cases where they are "distorted" -- while they have the same number of dancers and the dancers follow the same rules of interaction, they are not spaced the same way. For example, a wave may be "offset" so that the two halves are not lined up with each other, or a "parallelogram" consisting of two lines offset from each other can be considered to be two "boxes" even though the dancers in each box are not adjacent to each other. Irregular distortions, e.g., where four arbitrary dancers not lined up in any obvious way are asked to act as a wave, may also be used. In each case, the dancers must follow the rules of the basic call, but adjust their actual movements so that they correspond to the positions of the distorted formation.
Phantoms
Challenge dancing makes extensive use of "phantoms" -- imaginary dancers who hold positions in a formation that is only partially filled by real dancers. Challenge dancers must learn to do their part of a call in a particular formation even though many of the other dancers -- possibly all of them -- are missing. This requires both a clear understanding of the call definition and the ability to remember where the positions of the formation are without the usual visual and tactile cues.Calls which cause the dancers to change from one formation to another ("shape-changers") are especially challenging to dance with phantoms because the positions themselves will be changing and the entire formation may have to move to make room for other formations (even ones that have no real dancers at all to mark their position).
Fractionalization
Frequent use is made in Challenge dancing of fractionalized calls, both explicitly (e.g., the caller asks the dancers to do half of something) and implicitly through concepts. Many calls are defined to have specific "parts". Other calls can be broken down naturally based on the nature of the movement involved (e.g., a Hinge is half of a Trade).Starting at the C1 level, concepts are introduced which operate on call parts. For example, the "Finish" concept means to do all of the call except for the first part. At higher levels there are meta-concepts which involve applying concepts to only certain parts of a call (e.g., "Evenly" means that only the even-numbered parts of a call should be affected by the specified concept).
To properly apply these concepts, the dancer must have both an excellent understanding of the definitions of the basic calls, including how the parts are defined, and the ability to keep track in real-time of what concepts are being applied to which parts.
Clubs
Some Challenge dancing is done in clubsSquare dance club
Square dance clubs are the primary form for organization within the recreational activity of square dancing, and more specifically modern Western square dance...
similar to those at lower levels. In general, because of the limited number of dancers and callers, the higher the level the fewer clubs there will be. There are only a few cities that have clubs, with a live caller, dancing higher than C1 on a weekly basis.
Tape Groups
Dancers who are interested in learning or dancing a particular Challenge level often form private groups and dance using recordings.Regional Events
In addition to local clubs, in many places there are events organized to offer Challenge dancing to the dancers of a larger geographic area on a less-frequent basis (e.g., monthly). These often feature callers from other areas.Some general square dance conventions and festivals at the regional or state level include a Challenge hall, but they typically have very limited offerings above C1.
National and International Events
The largest Challenge event currently operating is the multi-level Academy for Advanced and Challenge Enthusiasts (AACE), held annually in June. This event has dedicated halls for C1, C2, C3A, C3B, and C4. (It also includes an A2 hall.)Challenge dancing is included in the much larger National Square Dance Convention (NSDC), but there is typically only one hall for Challenge and the emphasis is on the lower Challenge levels.
The annual convention of the International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
The International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs is an international umbrella organization for gay square dance. The association includes over eighty clubs. Most clubs are in the United States and Canada, with one club in Japan...
(IAGSDC) has a much more extensive Challenge program that is attended by many non-gay dancers.
In Europe, the biennial iPAC
International Plus, Advanced & Challenge Square Dance Convention
The international Plus, Advanced & Challenge Square Dance Convention, also known as iPAC is an international square dance event that has been taking place every two years in Barmstedt, Germany, since 1993. It is usually held in the middle of July, at the first weekend of the school holidays in the...
(International Plus, Advanced, and Challenge) convention offers dedicated halls for all the Challenge levels.
Many other events held annually at various dance facilities attract Challenge dancers from a wide area who are interested in particular levels or callers.
External links
- "Introduction to (Challenge) Square Dancing" by Lynette Bellini and Kathy Godfrey, January 2, 1996, retrieved October 27, 2005.
- "Challenge Square Dancing: Myths and Responses" by Clark Baker, January 2005, retrieved October 27, 2005.
- "Stan Winchester Singing Call Page" by Clark Baker, October 2006, retrieved November 6, 2006.
- CALLERLAB program lists
- CALLERLAB Challenge Dance Program Documents