Charles Radclyffe
Encyclopedia
Charles Radclyffe titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater, who claimed the title Fifth Earl of Derwentwater
. He was the youngest son of Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater
and Lady Mary Tudor
.
The Radclyffe family were ardent followers of the House of Stuart
, James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater
(1689-1716), being raised at the court of the Stuarts in France
as companion to James Francis Edward Stuart
, the Old Pretender. James and his brother Charles joined the Jacobite
rising of 1715 and after being captured at Preston both were tried in London
on charges of treason
and condemned to death.
James was beheaded on Tower Hill, London on 24 February 1716, declaring on the scaffold his devotion to the Roman Catholic religion and to King James III
, but Charles escaped from prison and rejoined the Stuarts in France.
In 1731, James Radclyffe's son, John (the fourth Earl) died and the title passed to his uncle (Charles).
He traveled to Rome and was an active participant in the Court of the Jacobite claimant James Francis Edward Stuart
. While a captain in Dillon's regiment
Charles was re-captured by the forces of George II of Great Britain
in November, 1745 while sailing to join Charles Edward Stuart, the young Pretender, in Scotland. Condemned to death under his former sentence by Lord Chancellor
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
, he was beheaded on 8 December 1746.
Charles married, on 24 June 1724, to Charlotte Maria Livingston (1694-1755). She was the daughter of the 2nd Earl of Newburgh
and was the widow of Thomas Clifford, son of the 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
. Charles and Charlotte were the parents of three children;
He allegedly had an illegitimate daughter, Jane or "Jenny", as she was commonly known, by a mistress, Margaret Snowden, with whom he went through a form of marriage which was not legally binding.
Earl of Derwentwater
Earl of Derwentwater was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1688 for Sir Francis Radclyffe, 3rd Baronet. He was made Baron Tyndale, of Tyndale in the County of Northumberland, and Viscount Radclyffe and Langley at the same time, also in the Peerage of England. He was succeeded by...
. He was the youngest son of Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater
Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater
Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater was an English peer, styled Viscount Radclyffe from 1688 to 1695.He inherited the earldom from his father, Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater in 1697...
and Lady Mary Tudor
Lady Mary Tudor
Lady Mary Tudor was the illegitimate daughter of Charles II of England by his mistress, the actress and singer Mary 'Moll' Davis, a celebrated rival of Nell Gwynn, King Charles' London-born mistress who was also an actress...
.
The Radclyffe family were ardent followers of the House of Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
, James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater
James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater
James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater was an English Jacobite, executed for treason. His death is remembered in an English traditional ballad, "Lord Allenwater", collected by Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1904 from the singing of Emily Stears.-Life:He was the son of Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of...
(1689-1716), being raised at the court of the Stuarts in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
as companion to James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
, the Old Pretender. James and his brother Charles joined the Jacobite
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
rising of 1715 and after being captured at Preston both were tried in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
on charges of treason
Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. Treason against the king was known as high treason and treason against a...
and condemned to death.
James was beheaded on Tower Hill, London on 24 February 1716, declaring on the scaffold his devotion to the Roman Catholic religion and to King James III
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
, but Charles escaped from prison and rejoined the Stuarts in France.
In 1731, James Radclyffe's son, John (the fourth Earl) died and the title passed to his uncle (Charles).
He traveled to Rome and was an active participant in the Court of the Jacobite claimant James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
. While a captain in Dillon's regiment
Dillon Regiment
The Dillon's Regiment was first raised in Ireland in 1688 by Theobald, 7th Viscount Dillon for the Jacobite side in the Williamite War. He was then killed at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691....
Charles was re-captured by the forces of George II of Great Britain
George II of Great Britain
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. He was born and brought up in Northern Germany...
in November, 1745 while sailing to join Charles Edward Stuart, the young Pretender, in Scotland. Condemned to death under his former sentence by Lord Chancellor
Lord Chancellor
The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke PC was an English lawyer and politician who served as Lord Chancellor. He was a close confidant of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762....
, he was beheaded on 8 December 1746.
Charles married, on 24 June 1724, to Charlotte Maria Livingston (1694-1755). She was the daughter of the 2nd Earl of Newburgh
Earl of Newburgh
The title Earl of Newburgh was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1660 for James Livingston, 1st Viscount of Newburgh, along with the subsidiary titles Viscount of Kynnaird and Lord Levingston....
and was the widow of Thomas Clifford, son of the 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
Hugh Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
Hugh Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh was baptized on 21 December 1663 in Ugbrooke and died on 12 October 1730 in Cannington, Somerset. Though the 7th child and 2nd son, he was the eldest living son when his father died...
. Charles and Charlotte were the parents of three children;
- James Bartholomew Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Newburgh (23 August 1725- 2 January 1787), married Barbara Kemp, by whom he had issue.
- Maj.-Gen. James Clement Radclyffe (5 November 1727- 1788), died unmarried.
- Mary Radclyffe (5 April 1732- 27 August 1798), married on 11 February 1755 Francis Eyre, by whom she had issue.
He allegedly had an illegitimate daughter, Jane or "Jenny", as she was commonly known, by a mistress, Margaret Snowden, with whom he went through a form of marriage which was not legally binding.