Charter of 1830
Encyclopedia
The Charter of 1830 instigated the July Monarchy
in France. It was considered a compromise between constitutionalists and republicans.
, also called the "Three Glorious" (les trois glorieuses) – by the merchant bourgeoisie, who were outraged to be ousted from the limited voters list, Charles X of France
was forced to abdicate. Charles X's chosen successor was his young grandson, Henri, comte de Chambord (1820–1883), but Henri never received the throne. The line of natural hereditary succession was abolished and a member of the cadet Orléans
line of the Bourbon family was chosen: Louis Philippe of France.
On August 7 the Charter of 1814
was revised, and its preambule evoking the ancien régime was eliminated. When voted on in the Chamber it was passed by 246 votes to 12. The new charter was imposed on the king by the nation and not promulgated by the king. On August 9, 1830, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans swore to uphold the Charter and was crowned "King of the French" (roi des Français), and not "King of France" (roi de France). The "July Monarchy" was to last until 24 February 1848 when the Second Republic was established.
s were henceforth to concern only the application of laws. Hereditary peerage was eliminated, but not the institution of peerage. The census suffrage system was modified and the poll tax
(cens) was reduced to 200 francs permitting individuals 25 years old or older to vote, and to 500 francs for individuals 30 years old or older to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies
. The law of the Double vote was abolished, and the number of electors was thus doubled, without nevertheless significantly increasing the size or characteristics of the electoral body: 1 out of 170 Frenchmen participate in the elections with the electorate at 170,000 which increased to 240,000 by 1846.
Catholicism
was no longer the state religion
, but only the "religion professed by the majority of the French", censorship of the press was abolished, and the French tricolor flag
was reinstated.
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy , officially the Kingdom of France , was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848...
in France. It was considered a compromise between constitutionalists and republicans.
History
After three days of protests in July 1830 – the July RevolutionJuly Revolution
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution or in French, saw the overthrow of King Charles X of France, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would in turn be overthrown...
, also called the "Three Glorious" (les trois glorieuses) – by the merchant bourgeoisie, who were outraged to be ousted from the limited voters list, Charles X of France
Charles X of France
Charles X was known for most of his life as the Comte d'Artois before he reigned as King of France and of Navarre from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. A younger brother to Kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile and eventually succeeded him...
was forced to abdicate. Charles X's chosen successor was his young grandson, Henri, comte de Chambord (1820–1883), but Henri never received the throne. The line of natural hereditary succession was abolished and a member of the cadet Orléans
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
line of the Bourbon family was chosen: Louis Philippe of France.
On August 7 the Charter of 1814
Charter of 1814
The French Charter of 1814 was a constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration. The Congress of Vienna demanded that Louis bring in a constitution of some form before he was restored. It guaranteed many of the rights that most other countries in western Europe had...
was revised, and its preambule evoking the ancien régime was eliminated. When voted on in the Chamber it was passed by 246 votes to 12. The new charter was imposed on the king by the nation and not promulgated by the king. On August 9, 1830, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans swore to uphold the Charter and was crowned "King of the French" (roi des Français), and not "King of France" (roi de France). The "July Monarchy" was to last until 24 February 1848 when the Second Republic was established.
Constitutional provisions
The Charter of 1830 removed from the king the power to instigate legislation; royal ordinanceDecree
A decree is a rule of law issued by a head of state , according to certain procedures . It has the force of law...
s were henceforth to concern only the application of laws. Hereditary peerage was eliminated, but not the institution of peerage. The census suffrage system was modified and the poll tax
Poll tax
A poll tax is a tax of a portioned, fixed amount per individual in accordance with the census . When a corvée is commuted for cash payment, in effect it becomes a poll tax...
(cens) was reduced to 200 francs permitting individuals 25 years old or older to vote, and to 500 francs for individuals 30 years old or older to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of France
Chamber of Deputies was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:* 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the Lower chamber of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.*...
. The law of the Double vote was abolished, and the number of electors was thus doubled, without nevertheless significantly increasing the size or characteristics of the electoral body: 1 out of 170 Frenchmen participate in the elections with the electorate at 170,000 which increased to 240,000 by 1846.
Catholicism
Catholicism
Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
was no longer the state religion
State religion
A state religion is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state...
, but only the "religion professed by the majority of the French", censorship of the press was abolished, and the French tricolor flag
Flag of France
The national flag of France is a tricolour featuring three vertical bands coloured royal blue , white, and red...
was reinstated.