Chatham Petrel
Encyclopedia
The Chatham Petrel or Ranguru (Maori) is a medium-sized, grey, white and black gadfly petrel
. It is endemic to the Chatham Islands
, New Zealand
, and until recently was restricted to the 218 ha Rangatira or South-East Island
.
with the latter having a narrower band not extending as far as the body).
Pachyptila vittata, of which an estimated 330,000 pairs inhabit the island.
was causing most breeding attemptes to fail, attention shifted to protection of burrows and chicks from prion interference. Burrows are located using telemetry - adult birds caught on the surface are fitted with a small transmitter and tracked to their burrows. Burrows are then protected by installing a plastic or wooden artificial burrow (to guard against collapse) and protected from prion entry by the fitting of a neoprene flap over the burrow entrance. Burrows are also blocked over the non-breeding period to ensure they are not occupied by prions during the petrels winter absence. In the 2005/06 breeding season of the 155 known breeding pairs on Rangatira, 83% were successful in fledging their chick.
The transfer of 200 chicks to a predator-proof fenced area on nearby Pitt Island/Rangiauria over the four years 2002-5 has seen the return of small number of birds to the site and the first breeding occur (with the fledging of 1 chick) in the 2005/6 season and four breeding pairs in 2006/7. The transfer of 200 chicks over four years to a predator-proof fenced site on the South coast of Chatham Island started in April 2008 with the translocation of 47 chicks.
Gadfly petrel
The gadfly petrels are seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. These medium to large petrels feed on food items picked from the ocean surface....
. It is endemic to the Chatham Islands
Chatham Islands
The Chatham Islands are an archipelago and New Zealand territory in the Pacific Ocean consisting of about ten islands within a radius, the largest of which are Chatham Island and Pitt Island. Their name in the indigenous language, Moriori, means Misty Sun...
, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, and until recently was restricted to the 218 ha Rangatira or South-East Island
South East Island/Rangatira
South East Island/Rangatira is the third largest island in the Chatham Islands chain, and covers an area of . It is located east of New Zealand's South Island...
.
Description
The head, back and upper-wings are slate grey, while the shoulders and upper-wing coverts are a deeper grey giving a dark M pattern across the spread upper wings. the forehead is mottled grey and white, and the underparts are white. The under-wing is white except for dark outer tips to the primaries, and a narrow dark trailing edge. A black diagional band runs from the bend of the wing to the body at the base of the underwing (which distinguishes it from the similar Black-winged PetrelBlack-winged Petrel
The Black-winged Petrel is a species of seabird in the Procellariidae family.It is found in Australia, French Polynesia, Japan, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and the United States.-References:...
with the latter having a narrower band not extending as far as the body).
Breeding
Chatham Petrels nest in burrows under the forest canopy to which they are generally faithful to over time. Leaves are used as nesting material. Each pair lays a single white egg in December-January and the chicks fledge in May-June.Status and threats
The population is estimated at 1,000 birds and is classified as Nationally Endangered. Once present throughout the Chatham group before the arrival of man, predation by man and introduced mammals (rats and cats) and the loss of forest habitat saw the species restricted to Rangatira island. Before conservation efforts began the size of the Rangatira population was limited by burrow competition with the broad-billed prionBroad-billed Prion
The Broad-billed Prion, Pachyptila vittata, is a small seabird, but the largest Prion, with grey upperparts plumage, and white underparts. It has many other names that have been used such as Blue-billed Dove-petrel, Broad-billed Dove-petrel, Long-billed Prion, Common Prion, Icebird, and...
Pachyptila vittata, of which an estimated 330,000 pairs inhabit the island.
Conservation management
Conservation efforts for the Chatham petrel started in the late 1980s, the initial focus of which was locating burrows and determining the cause of breeding failure. Once it was determined that burrow competition from broad-billed prionsBroad-billed Prion
The Broad-billed Prion, Pachyptila vittata, is a small seabird, but the largest Prion, with grey upperparts plumage, and white underparts. It has many other names that have been used such as Blue-billed Dove-petrel, Broad-billed Dove-petrel, Long-billed Prion, Common Prion, Icebird, and...
was causing most breeding attemptes to fail, attention shifted to protection of burrows and chicks from prion interference. Burrows are located using telemetry - adult birds caught on the surface are fitted with a small transmitter and tracked to their burrows. Burrows are then protected by installing a plastic or wooden artificial burrow (to guard against collapse) and protected from prion entry by the fitting of a neoprene flap over the burrow entrance. Burrows are also blocked over the non-breeding period to ensure they are not occupied by prions during the petrels winter absence. In the 2005/06 breeding season of the 155 known breeding pairs on Rangatira, 83% were successful in fledging their chick.
The transfer of 200 chicks to a predator-proof fenced area on nearby Pitt Island/Rangiauria over the four years 2002-5 has seen the return of small number of birds to the site and the first breeding occur (with the fledging of 1 chick) in the 2005/6 season and four breeding pairs in 2006/7. The transfer of 200 chicks over four years to a predator-proof fenced site on the South coast of Chatham Island started in April 2008 with the translocation of 47 chicks.