Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Encyclopedia
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus , (formerly Victoria Terminus) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and historic railway station in Mumbai
which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways. Situated in the Bori Bunder
area of Mumbai
, it was built as a new railway station on the location of the Bori Bunder Station in 1887 to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
. In 1996 its name was changed to the present name in honour of the Maratha warrior Shivaji. Its abbreviations CST or VT are popularly used by locals to refer to the station and it is also known by its abbreviation CSTM or Bombay VT. It is the busiest railway station in India, and serves both as a terminal for long distance trains terminating in Mumbai as well as the Mumbai Suburban Railway
.
, is of great historical importance and is associated with the origins of Mumbai
as a city. The city derives its name from the goddess Mumba Devi
, and the earliest temple dedicated to her is believed to have stood at the site of the Victoria Terminus. The original shrine was demolished in 1317 by Mubarak Shah and reconstructed. This was demolished by the Portuguese in 1760.
The station was designed by the consulting British architect Frederick William Stevens
(1848-1900). Work began in 1878. He received as payment for his services. Stevens earned the commission to construct the station after a masterpiece watercolour sketch by draughtsman Axel Haig
. The final design bears some resemblance to the St Pancras railway station
in London
. GG Scott's plans for Berlin's parliament building had been published four years before, and also has marked similarities to the station's design.
It took ten years to complete and was named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of the Queen and Empress Victoria
; it was opened on the date of her Golden Jubilee
in 1887. It cost £260,000 when it was finished in 1888, the highest for any building of that era in Bombay. This famous architectural landmark in Gothic style was built as the headquarters of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway. Since then, the station came to be known as Bombay VT.
Originally intended only to house the main station and the administrative offices of the Great Indian Peninsula
Railway, a number of ancillary buildings have been added subsequently, all designed so as to harmonise with the main structure. A new station to handle main line traffic was erected in 1929. The original building is still in use to handle suburban traffic and is used by over three million commuters daily. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Central Railway.
In 1996, the Minister of Railways, Suresh Kalmadi
, changed the name of the station to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in honour of the great Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji.
In 2008, the station was featured prominently in the Academy Award winning film, Slumdog Millionaire
.
In 1956, the station was also featured in the film C.I.D. during the song 'Yei Hai Bombay Meri Jaan'.
rifles.
One of the terrorists, Ajmal Kasab
, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire, The attackers killed 58 people and injured 104 others,, including a police officer, Tukaram Omble
; their assault ending at about 22:45.. The CCTV captured the attack, and the evidence was used to identify and indict Kasab.
The VT was constructed using high level of engineering both in terms of railway engineering and civil engineering. It is one of the first and is considered as one of the finest products of the use of industrial revolution technology merged with revival of the Gothic Revival style In India . The centrally domed office structure has a 330 feet long platform connected to a 1,200 feet long train shed, and its outline provides the skeleton plan for
building. VT's dome of dovetailed ribs, built without centering, was considered as a novel achievement of the era. The interior of the building was conceived as a series of large rooms with high ceilings. It is a utilitarian building and has had various changes required by the users, not always sympathetic.
It has a C-shaped plan which is symmetrical on an east-west axis. All the sides of the building are given equal value in the design. It is crowned by a high central dome, which acts as the focal point. The dome is an octagonal ribbed structure with a colossal female figure symbolizing Progress, holding a torch pointing upwards in her right hand and a spoked wheel in her left hand. The side wings enclose the courtyard, which opens on to the street. The wings are anchored by monumental turrets at each of their four corners, which balance and frame the central dome.
The façades present the appearance of well proportioned rows of windows and arches. The ornamentation in the form of statuary, bas-reliefs, and friezes is exuberant yet well controlled. The columns of the entrance gates are crowned by figures of a lion (representing Great Britain) and a tiger (representing India).
The main structure is built from a blend of India sandstone and limestone, while high-quality Italian marble was used for the key decorative elements. The main interiors are also decorated: the ground floor of the North Wing, known as the Star Chamber, which is still used as the booking office, is embellished with Italian marble and polished Indian blue stone. The stone arches are covered with carved foliage and grotesques.
Internally, the ceiling of the booking hall was originally painted blue, gold and strong red on a ground of rich blue with gold stars. Its walls were lined with glazed tiles made by Maw & Co of Britain. Outside, there are statues representing Commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science, with a statue representing Progress on the central dome of the station. A statue of Queen Victoria beneath the central dome has been removed.
Rumours persist that the design for Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai
, India was originally designated for Flinders Street Station
. However, no convincing evidence, other than architectural similarities to other buildings in their respective cities, has been produced to support the rumour.
Plans are underway to upgrade Mumbai CST (along with Pune Jn.
and Nagpur Jn.) by means of a public-private partnership.
Trains that start from Mumbai CST to South India (Via Pune/Kolahapur/Hyderabad/Chennai/Banglore)
Trains that start from Mumbai CST to South India (Via Konkan Railways)
, Ghatkopar
, Thane
, Dombivli
, Kalyan, Ambarnath
, Badlapur
, Karjat
, Khopoli
, Asangaon
, Titwala
, and Kasara. While on the Harbour Line, the trains terminate at Bandra, Andheri, Mankhurd
, Vashi
, Belapur
and Panvel
.
song in Slumdog Millionaire
; a future James Bond
film ; Ra.One
etc.
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways. Situated in the Bori Bunder
Bori Bunder
Bori Bunder was one of the areas along the Eastern shore line of Mumbai, India which was used as a storehouse for goods imported and exported from Mumbai. In the area's name, 'Bori' mean sack and 'Bandar' means Bhandaar or store; So Bori Bunder literally means a place where sacks are stored...
area of Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
, it was built as a new railway station on the location of the Bori Bunder Station in 1887 to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom was celebrated on June 20, 1887. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on June 20, 1887 with a banquet to which 50 European kings and princes were invited.-History:...
. In 1996 its name was changed to the present name in honour of the Maratha warrior Shivaji. Its abbreviations CST or VT are popularly used by locals to refer to the station and it is also known by its abbreviation CSTM or Bombay VT. It is the busiest railway station in India, and serves both as a terminal for long distance trains terminating in Mumbai as well as the Mumbai Suburban Railway
Mumbai Suburban Railway
The Mumbai Suburban Railway system, part of the public transport system of Mumbai, is provided for by the state-run Indian Railways' two zonal Western Railways and Central Railways. The system carries more than 6.99 million commuters on a daily basis. It has the highest passenger densities of any...
.
History
The site on which this station is situated, Bori BunderBori Bunder
Bori Bunder was one of the areas along the Eastern shore line of Mumbai, India which was used as a storehouse for goods imported and exported from Mumbai. In the area's name, 'Bori' mean sack and 'Bandar' means Bhandaar or store; So Bori Bunder literally means a place where sacks are stored...
, is of great historical importance and is associated with the origins of Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
as a city. The city derives its name from the goddess Mumba Devi
Mumba Devi Temple
Mumba Devi Mandir, or Mumba Devi Temple , is an old Hindu temple in the city of Mumbai, dedicated to the goddess , the local incarnation of the Devi...
, and the earliest temple dedicated to her is believed to have stood at the site of the Victoria Terminus. The original shrine was demolished in 1317 by Mubarak Shah and reconstructed. This was demolished by the Portuguese in 1760.
The station was designed by the consulting British architect Frederick William Stevens
Frederick William Stevens
Frederick William Stevens was an English architectural engineer who worked for the British colonial government in India. Stevens' most notable design was the railway station Victoria Terminus in Bombay...
(1848-1900). Work began in 1878. He received as payment for his services. Stevens earned the commission to construct the station after a masterpiece watercolour sketch by draughtsman Axel Haig
Axel Haig
Axel Haig was a Swedish-born artist and illustrator. His paintings, illustrations and etchings, undertaken for himself and on behalf of many of the foremost architects of the Victorian period made him "the Piranesi of the Gothic Revival."...
. The final design bears some resemblance to the St Pancras railway station
St Pancras railway station
St Pancras railway station, also known as London St Pancras and since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus celebrated for its Victorian architecture. The Grade I listed building stands on Euston Road in St Pancras, London Borough of Camden, between the...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. GG Scott's plans for Berlin's parliament building had been published four years before, and also has marked similarities to the station's design.
It took ten years to complete and was named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of the Queen and Empress Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom
Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
; it was opened on the date of her Golden Jubilee
Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom was celebrated on June 20, 1887. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on June 20, 1887 with a banquet to which 50 European kings and princes were invited.-History:...
in 1887. It cost £260,000 when it was finished in 1888, the highest for any building of that era in Bombay. This famous architectural landmark in Gothic style was built as the headquarters of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway. Since then, the station came to be known as Bombay VT.
Originally intended only to house the main station and the administrative offices of the Great Indian Peninsula
Railway, a number of ancillary buildings have been added subsequently, all designed so as to harmonise with the main structure. A new station to handle main line traffic was erected in 1929. The original building is still in use to handle suburban traffic and is used by over three million commuters daily. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Central Railway.
In 1996, the Minister of Railways, Suresh Kalmadi
Suresh Kalmadi
Suresh Kalmadi is an Indian politician and senior sports administrator. He was formerly a member of the Indian National Congress...
, changed the name of the station to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in honour of the great Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji.
In 2008, the station was featured prominently in the Academy Award winning film, Slumdog Millionaire
Slumdog Millionaire
Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British epic romantic drama adventure film directed by Danny Boyle, written by Simon Beaufoy, and co-directed in India by Loveleen Tandan. It is an adaptation of the novel Q & A by Indian author and diplomat Vikas Swarup...
.
In 1956, the station was also featured in the film C.I.D. during the song 'Yei Hai Bombay Meri Jaan'.
Terrorist attacks in 2008
On 26 November 2008, two terrorists entered the passenger hall of the CST, opened fire and threw grenades at people. The terrorists were armed with AK-47AK-47
The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova . It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash.Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year...
rifles.
One of the terrorists, Ajmal Kasab
Ajmal Kasab
Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab is a Pakistani Islamic terrorist who was involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacks in India. Kasab is the only attacker captured alive by police and is currently in Indian custody. The Government of Pakistan initially denied that Kasab was from Pakistan, but in January 2009,...
, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire, The attackers killed 58 people and injured 104 others,, including a police officer, Tukaram Omble
Tukaram Omble
Tukaram Omble was an assistant sub-inspector , and a retired army man who had entered the Mumbai police. He was killed during the 2008 Mumbai attacks while fighting terrorists at Girgaum Chowpatty...
; their assault ending at about 22:45.. The CCTV captured the attack, and the evidence was used to identify and indict Kasab.
The structure
The station building was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style of architecture. The building exhibits a fusion of influences from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture and traditional Indian architecture. The skyline, turrets, pointed arches, and eccentric ground plan are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. Externally, the wood carving, tiles, ornamental iron and brass railings, grills for the ticket offices, the balustrades for the grand staircases and other ornaments were the work of students at the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art. The station stands as an example of 19th century railway architectural marvels for its advanced structural and technical solutions.The VT was constructed using high level of engineering both in terms of railway engineering and civil engineering. It is one of the first and is considered as one of the finest products of the use of industrial revolution technology merged with revival of the Gothic Revival style In India . The centrally domed office structure has a 330 feet long platform connected to a 1,200 feet long train shed, and its outline provides the skeleton plan for
building. VT's dome of dovetailed ribs, built without centering, was considered as a novel achievement of the era. The interior of the building was conceived as a series of large rooms with high ceilings. It is a utilitarian building and has had various changes required by the users, not always sympathetic.
It has a C-shaped plan which is symmetrical on an east-west axis. All the sides of the building are given equal value in the design. It is crowned by a high central dome, which acts as the focal point. The dome is an octagonal ribbed structure with a colossal female figure symbolizing Progress, holding a torch pointing upwards in her right hand and a spoked wheel in her left hand. The side wings enclose the courtyard, which opens on to the street. The wings are anchored by monumental turrets at each of their four corners, which balance and frame the central dome.
The façades present the appearance of well proportioned rows of windows and arches. The ornamentation in the form of statuary, bas-reliefs, and friezes is exuberant yet well controlled. The columns of the entrance gates are crowned by figures of a lion (representing Great Britain) and a tiger (representing India).
The main structure is built from a blend of India sandstone and limestone, while high-quality Italian marble was used for the key decorative elements. The main interiors are also decorated: the ground floor of the North Wing, known as the Star Chamber, which is still used as the booking office, is embellished with Italian marble and polished Indian blue stone. The stone arches are covered with carved foliage and grotesques.
Internally, the ceiling of the booking hall was originally painted blue, gold and strong red on a ground of rich blue with gold stars. Its walls were lined with glazed tiles made by Maw & Co of Britain. Outside, there are statues representing Commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science, with a statue representing Progress on the central dome of the station. A statue of Queen Victoria beneath the central dome has been removed.
Rumours persist that the design for Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
, India was originally designated for Flinders Street Station
Flinders Street Station
Flinders Street Station is the central railway station of the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is on the corner of Flinders and Swanston Streets next to the Yarra River in the heart of the city, stretching from Swanston Street to Queen Street and covering two city...
. However, no convincing evidence, other than architectural similarities to other buildings in their respective cities, has been produced to support the rumour.
Plans are underway to upgrade Mumbai CST (along with Pune Jn.
Pune Railway Station
Pune Railway Station is the main railway head of Pune. It is a railway junction with on the Mumbai - Chennai railway line. It is also the origin of Pune - Bangalore railway line. All trains are operated by Indian Railways. Pune Railway Station serves as a halt for south bound trains from Mumbai,...
and Nagpur Jn.) by means of a public-private partnership.
Long distance trains Departing from Mumbai CST
Trains that start from Mumbai CST to North India/North East India/Aurangabad (Via Nasik/Manmad/Bhusawal)- Mumbai CST-Varanasi Mahanagri Express Train No:11093/11094
- Mumbai CST-Howrha Geetanjali SuperFastExpress Train No:12860/12859
- Mumbai CST-Lucknow Puspak Super Fast Express Train No:12533/12534
- Mumbai CST-Nagpur Sewagram Superfast Express Train No.12139/12140
- Mumbai CST-Gondia Vidarbha Super Fast Express Train No:12105/12106
- Mumbai CST-Firozpur Punjab mail Express Train No:12137/12138
- Mumbai CST-Amravati Super Fast Express Train No:12111/12112
- Mumbai CST-Howrha Junction Howrha mail Express Train No:12809/12810
- Mumbai CST-Howrha Kolkatta mail (Via Allahabad) Express Train No:12322/12321
- Mumbai CST-Rajendranagar SuperFastExpress Train No:12141/12142
- Mumbai CST-Jabalpur Garib rath SuperFastExpress Train No:12188/12189
- Mumbai CST-Asansol SuperFastExpress Train No:12362/12361
- Mumbai CST-Howrha SuperFastExpress Train No:12870/12869
- Mumbai CST-Nanded Tapovan Express Train No:17618/17617
- Mumbai CST-Aurangabad Jansatabdi Express Train No:12071/12072
- Mumbai CST-Nagpur Nandigram Express via Auranagbad, Nanded Train No:11404/11402
- Mumbai CST-Manmad Panchavati Express Train No:12109/12110
- Mumbai CST-Secundrabad Devgiri Express via Auranagbad, Nanded Train No:17057/17058
- Mumbai CST-Nanded Tapovan Express Train No:17618/17617
- Mumbai CST-Nagpur Duranto Express Train No:12289/12290
- Mumbai CST-Howrha Duranto Express Train No:12261/12262
Trains that start from Mumbai CST to South India (Via Pune/Kolahapur/Hyderabad/Chennai/Banglore)
- Mumbai CST-Pune Indrayani Express Train No:12525/12526
- Mumbai CST-Pune Intercity Express Train No:12127/12128
- Mumbai CST-Pune Deccan Express Train No:11007/11008
- Mumbai CST-Pune Pragati Express Train No:12125/12126
- Mumbai CST-Pune Sinhgad Express Train No:11009/11010
- Mumbai CST-Pune Deccan Queen Express Train No:12123/12124
- Mumbai CST-Kolhapur Koyna Express Train No:11029/11030
- Mumbai CST-Kolhapur Shayadri Express Train No:11023/11024
- Mumbai CST-Kolhapur Mahalaxmi Express Train No:11011/11012
- Mumbai CST-Bangalore City Udyan Express Train No:16529/16530
- Mumbai CST-Trivandram Express Train No:16331/16332
- Mumbai CST-Hyderabad Express Train No:17031/17032
- Mumbai CST-Chennai Express Train No:11041/11042
- Mumbai CST-Bhubaneswar Konark Express Train No:11019/11020
- Mumbai CST-Kanyakumari Express Train No:16381/16382
- Mumbai CST-Latur Express Train No:12527/12528
- Mumbai CST-Hyderabad Hussainsagar Express Train No:12701/12702
- Mumbai CST-Solapur Siddheswar Express Train No:12115/12116
- Mumbai CST-Shiridi/Bijapur Fast passenger Train No:51033/51034
- Mumbai CST-Chennai Mail Train No:11027/11028
- Mumbai CST-Nagarcoil Express Via Tirupati Train No:16351/16352
- Mumbai CST-Pandarpur Fast passenger Train No:51027/51028
- Mumbai CST-Nagarcoil Express Via Tirupati Train No:16351/16352
Trains that start from Mumbai CST to South India (Via Konkan Railways)
- Mumbai CST-Madgaon Jansatabdi Express Train No:12051/12052
- Mumbai CST-Madgaon Mandovi Express Train No:10103/10104
- Mumbai CST-Madgaon Konkan Kanya Express Train No:10111/10112
- Mumbai CST-Mangalore Express Train No:12133/12134
Suburban Network
The network of suburban trains (locally known as locals, short for local trains) radiating out from this station is instrumental in keeping Mumbai running. The station serves long-distance trains as well as two of the suburban lines-the Central Line and the Harbour line. It is the westernmost terminus of Central Railway. On the Central Line the trains terminate at KurlaKurla
Kurla is a suburb of Mumbai. It is also the name of one the busiest railway stations on the Mumbai suburban railway on the central and harbour railway lines of Mumbai...
, Ghatkopar
Ghatkopar
Ghatkopar is a suburban neighbourhood of eastern Mumbai. It is also a railway station serviced by Central Railway line of the Mumbai suburban railway.-History:...
, Thane
Thane
Thane , is a city in Maharashtra, India, part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, northeastern suburb of Mumbai at the head of the Thane Creek. It is the administrative headquarters of Thane district. On 16 April 1853, G.I.P...
, Dombivli
Dombivli
Dombivli or Dombivali is a town in Thane district, Kalyan tehsil in Maharashtra, India. It is located about fifty kilometres from the city of Mumbai, and about twenty kilometres from Thane. The population of the city, according to the 2011 census is 2,293,000,...
, Kalyan, Ambarnath
Ambarnath
Ambarnath is a city and a municipal council in Thane district in the state of Maharashtra, India.-Overview:The name Ambarnath literally means Lord of the sky. Ambarnath is the site of a very old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, dating back, to 10th century...
, Badlapur
Badlapur
Badlapur, is one of the fastest growing towns in Mumbai Conurbation, India.Due to the population growth in the nearby cities, many people working in Mumbai have moved to Badlapur for affordable real estate prices, pleasant weather, beautiful location and quiet neighborhoods along with a proximity...
, Karjat
Karjat
Karjat is a city, a Municipal Council, a Tahsil and a sub-district in Raigad district, Mumbai, Navi Mumbai in the Indian state of Maharashtra.-Geography:...
, Khopoli
Khopoli
Khopoli is an industrial town in the Khalapur taluka of Raigad district, in the Indian state of Maharashtra, at the base of the Sahyadri mountains. Patalganga River which is the tailrace channel of Tata Hydroelectric Power station flows through Khopoli....
, Asangaon
Asangaon
Asangaon is a station on the Mumbai Suburban Railway system on the main line route between Kalyan and Kasara. lt is the only railway station for Shahapur city. Around 65 to 70 thousand commuters use this station on daily basis. It is terminal station for Asangaon local train....
, Titwala
Titwala
Titwala is a small town near Kalyan in Maharashtra, India. Situated at the banks of a seasonal river Kalu, It is the site of a venerated temple of Ganesha, and also the putative site of the hermitage where Shakuntala was born....
, and Kasara. While on the Harbour Line, the trains terminate at Bandra, Andheri, Mankhurd
Mankhurd
Mankhurd is a suburban neighbourhood in eastern Mumbai, India. Mankhurd is serviced by the Harbour Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. It is the last stop on the line on Salsette Island before leaving for Navi Mumbai on mainland Maharashtra.-Geography:...
, Vashi
Vashi
Vashi is an upmarket residential as well as commercial township in the city of Navi Mumbai. It is a premier city in Navi Mumbai and was one of the first "nodes" developed by CIDCO.-Populace:...
, Belapur
Belapur
Belapur may refer to:* CBD Belapur, Mumbai, India*Belapur, Nepal*Belapur,Shrirampur, Maharashtra, India...
and Panvel
Panvel
Panvel is city and a municipal council in Raigad district in the state of Maharashtra. Panvel is also known as the gateway of Konkan region. It adjoins Navi Mumbai, and is just after the Thane district border. Panvel is located on the Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway about 21 kilometres from...
.
In Modern Culture
The station has been the location of filming the Jai HoJai Ho
"Jai Ho" is a Hindi song composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics by Gulzar, for the 2008 film Slumdog Millionaire. It accompanies a choreographed dance sequence at the end credits of the film. The song also features vocals by Mahalakshmi Iyer, Tanvi Shah, Vijay Prakash, and Sukhwinder Singh, who is...
song in Slumdog Millionaire
Slumdog Millionaire
Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British epic romantic drama adventure film directed by Danny Boyle, written by Simon Beaufoy, and co-directed in India by Loveleen Tandan. It is an adaptation of the novel Q & A by Indian author and diplomat Vikas Swarup...
; a future James Bond
James Bond
James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. There have been a six other authors who wrote authorised Bond novels or novelizations after Fleming's death in 1964: Kingsley Amis,...
film ; Ra.One
Ra.One
Ra.One is a 2011 Indian science fiction superhero film written and directed by Anubhav Sinha. The film features Shahrukh Khan in dual roles, and also stars Kareena Kapoor, Armaan Verma and Arjun Rampal in the lead...
etc.