China Centenary Missionary Conference
Encyclopedia
The China Centenary Missionary Conference, held in 1907 in Shanghai, China commemorated 100 years of Protestant missionary work in China and debated future courses of action.
, Robert Morrison
. It was convened on April 25 and adjourned on May 8, 1907.
Attendees at the Conference totaled 1,170 persons, mostly missionaries from every province of China, but with representatives from 25 countries. About 100 missionary organizations were operating in China, although not all were present at the conference. Most attendees were British and American. Despite the fact that the subject of the conference was the promotion of Christianity
in China fewer than 10 Chinese can be identified among the delegates. Also, although missionary wives and single women outnumbered male missionaries in China, women were under-represented. Several served on a committee related to women’s work.
American missionary author and Congregationalist
Arthur Henderson Smith and British Presbyterian John C. Gibson were elected joint Chairmen for the Conference. Eleven Committees presented resolutions on different subjects of interest to the delegates.
seven years before was hardly mentioned. Since the Boxers, the Chinese government had undertaken a large number of internal reforms and missionaries perceived a much greater openness by the Chinese to Western influences, including Christianity.
The missionaries celebrated their success in converting about 180,000 Chinese to Christianity during the previous 100 years. However, a negative note was interjected into the conference by J.W. Lowrie who said that “the far larger part of this century’s sowing [i.e. spreading Christianity]… has been on fallow ground,” an acknowledgement that the missionaries had often been disappointed at the pace of their progress and their results.
A major objective of many at the Conference was to unite Protestant efforts into a single coordinated body rather the diverse and often competitive efforts of many different missionary organizations. William Scott Ament
chaired the Committee of Federation and Comity which established a framework for united action. The Conference also called for an expansion of resources devoted to education and medical work – to the discomfort of evangelical missionaries who said that “education is not…a substitute for preaching. The most divisive and controversial issue at the Conference was the missionaries position regarding the privileges and exemptions from Chinese law given Chinese Christians under the ”unequal treaties”. Some missionaries wanted to forgo the protections of Chinese Christians as “a hated yoke upon the [Chinese] government” and an encouragement for unscrupulous Chinese to become Christians for personal advantage. But the majority disagreed and the resolution adopted by the Conference stated that “the time has not come when all the protection to Christian converts provided in the treaties can safely be withdrawn.”
The Conference
The Conference celebrated the anniversary of the arrival of the first Protestant missionary to ChinaChina
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison, FRS was an Anglo -Scottish evangelist and the first Christian Protestant missionary in China....
. It was convened on April 25 and adjourned on May 8, 1907.
Attendees at the Conference totaled 1,170 persons, mostly missionaries from every province of China, but with representatives from 25 countries. About 100 missionary organizations were operating in China, although not all were present at the conference. Most attendees were British and American. Despite the fact that the subject of the conference was the promotion of Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
in China fewer than 10 Chinese can be identified among the delegates. Also, although missionary wives and single women outnumbered male missionaries in China, women were under-represented. Several served on a committee related to women’s work.
Congregational church
Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs....
Arthur Henderson Smith and British Presbyterian John C. Gibson were elected joint Chairmen for the Conference. Eleven Committees presented resolutions on different subjects of interest to the delegates.
Debate and Decisions
The tenor of the Conference was optimistic. The martyrdom of 189 Protestant missionaries – men, women, and children -- during the Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
seven years before was hardly mentioned. Since the Boxers, the Chinese government had undertaken a large number of internal reforms and missionaries perceived a much greater openness by the Chinese to Western influences, including Christianity.
The missionaries celebrated their success in converting about 180,000 Chinese to Christianity during the previous 100 years. However, a negative note was interjected into the conference by J.W. Lowrie who said that “the far larger part of this century’s sowing [i.e. spreading Christianity]… has been on fallow ground,” an acknowledgement that the missionaries had often been disappointed at the pace of their progress and their results.
A major objective of many at the Conference was to unite Protestant efforts into a single coordinated body rather the diverse and often competitive efforts of many different missionary organizations. William Scott Ament
William Scott Ament
William Scott Ament was a missionary to China for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions from 1877, and was known as the "Father of Christian Endeavor in China." Ament became prominent as a result of his heroism during the Boxer Uprising and controversial...
chaired the Committee of Federation and Comity which established a framework for united action. The Conference also called for an expansion of resources devoted to education and medical work – to the discomfort of evangelical missionaries who said that “education is not…a substitute for preaching. The most divisive and controversial issue at the Conference was the missionaries position regarding the privileges and exemptions from Chinese law given Chinese Christians under the ”unequal treaties”. Some missionaries wanted to forgo the protections of Chinese Christians as “a hated yoke upon the [Chinese] government” and an encouragement for unscrupulous Chinese to become Christians for personal advantage. But the majority disagreed and the resolution adopted by the Conference stated that “the time has not come when all the protection to Christian converts provided in the treaties can safely be withdrawn.”