Chongzuo
Encyclopedia
Chongzuo is a prefecture-level city
in China
's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
. It is home to one of China’s largest Zhuang populations.
in the east, Baise in the north, Fangchenggang
in the south and Lạng Sơn
, Vietnam
in the west. The Zuo or Left River and the You or Right River have their confluence in Chongzuo after which the river becomes the Yong River. Chongzuo is mountainous and hilly with numerous karst
formations similar to Guilin
and northern Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay. Its area is 17,345 km², 7,190 km² of which is forested.
Chongzuo’s climate is tropical wet. January’s average temperature is 13.8o C and July’s is 28.1o C. Annual average is 20.8-22.4o C. There are 330 frost free days. Annual precipitation is between 1088-1799mm.
along the Ming River at Huashan date back 1800 to 2500 year and are one of the largest groups of pictographs in China and in the world. On several cliff faces are hundreds of large red pictographs depicting a large battle. The red pigment is still bright and vivid and individual figures, weapons, and animals are easy to distinguish. The cliffs, part of the sacred Frog Mountain, were important site to the early Zhuang.
In 214 BC, during the Qin dynasty, Chongzuo was part of the Xiang (象郡) commandry. Chinese general Feng Zicai
(馮子才) beat back a French attack here at the Battle of Bang Bo in 1885. Sun Yat-sen
(孫中山) fired the first cannon shot of the anti-Qing revolution in Chongzuo in 1907. In the 1930s, after fomenting rebellion in other parts of Guangxi, Deng Xiaoping
(鄧小平) helped organize the peasants and workers here during the Longzhou rebellion and eventually formed the Red Army's
8th Army. Later, in 1979, the Chinese army invaded Vietnam from here.
District:
City:
Counties:
, pineapples, longan
, and tea are all major crops, but sugarcane is the center of Chongzuo agriculture. Farm raised animals include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, ducks, chickens, geese, and bees. Aquaculture for fish is also big. Chinese medicinal herbs are picked from the wild and also grown. Important mineral resources include manganese
, gold, ferberite
, coal, barite
, bentonite
, uranium, and vanadium
. It is China’s biggest manganese producer and the world's biggest producer of bentonite. Other industries include export infrastructure, paper, forest products such as timber and turpentine, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and electronics manufacturing.
s, and clouded leopard
s. 1/4 of China’s wild animal species can be found in Chongzuo.
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
. It is home to one of China’s largest Zhuang populations.
Geography and climate
Chongzuo is located in southwestern Guangxi province. It borders NanningNanning
Nanning is the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. It is known as the "Green City" because of its abundance of lush tropical foliage.-History:...
in the east, Baise in the north, Fangchenggang
Fangchenggang
Fangchenggang , formerly Fangcheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County , is a prefecture-level city in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.-Geography and climate:...
in the south and Lạng Sơn
Lạng Sơn Province
Lạng Sơn is a province in far northern Vietnam, bordering Guangxi province in China. Its capital is also called Lang Son, which is a strategically important town at the border with China and is northeast of Hanoi connected by rail and road...
, Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
in the west. The Zuo or Left River and the You or Right River have their confluence in Chongzuo after which the river becomes the Yong River. Chongzuo is mountainous and hilly with numerous karst
KARST
Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
formations similar to Guilin
Guilin
Guilin is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of far southern China, sitting on the west bank of the Li River. Its name means "forest of Sweet Osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant Sweet Osmanthus trees located in the city...
and northern Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay. Its area is 17,345 km², 7,190 km² of which is forested.
Chongzuo’s climate is tropical wet. January’s average temperature is 13.8o C and July’s is 28.1o C. Annual average is 20.8-22.4o C. There are 330 frost free days. Annual precipitation is between 1088-1799mm.
History
Chongzuo is one of the earliest centers of Zhuang culture. Important sites dating back to the stone age have been found here. The Rock Paintings of Hua MountainRock Paintings of Hua Mountain
The Rock Paintings of Hua Mountain are an extensive assembly of historical rock art that were painted on limestone cliff faces in Guangxi, southern China over a period of several hundred years at least. The paintings are located on the west bank of the Ming River which is a tributary of the Zuo...
along the Ming River at Huashan date back 1800 to 2500 year and are one of the largest groups of pictographs in China and in the world. On several cliff faces are hundreds of large red pictographs depicting a large battle. The red pigment is still bright and vivid and individual figures, weapons, and animals are easy to distinguish. The cliffs, part of the sacred Frog Mountain, were important site to the early Zhuang.
In 214 BC, during the Qin dynasty, Chongzuo was part of the Xiang (象郡) commandry. Chinese general Feng Zicai
Feng Zicai
Feng Zicai was a bandit from Qinzhou, Guangxi, China who later became a general in the Imperial Army during the Qing dynasty. His ancestry is Bobai, Guangxi.-The Taiping Rebellion:...
(馮子才) beat back a French attack here at the Battle of Bang Bo in 1885. Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese doctor, revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the "Father of the Nation" , a view agreed upon by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China...
(孫中山) fired the first cannon shot of the anti-Qing revolution in Chongzuo in 1907. In the 1930s, after fomenting rebellion in other parts of Guangxi, Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
(鄧小平) helped organize the peasants and workers here during the Longzhou rebellion and eventually formed the Red Army's
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 — celebrated annually as "PLA Day" — as the military arm of the Communist Party of China...
8th Army. Later, in 1979, the Chinese army invaded Vietnam from here.
Administration
Chongzuo has 1 district, 1 city, 5 counties, 57 towns, 72 townships, 146 residential communities, and 1,724 villages.District:
- Jiangzhou DistrictJiangzhou DistrictJiangzhou District is a district of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chongzuo city....
City:
- PingxiangPingxiang, GuangxiPingxiang is a county-level city in the municipal region of Chongzuo in southern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.-Situation:The city covers an area of 650 km²...
(凭祥市)
Counties:
- Ningming CountyNingming CountyNingming County is a county of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Chongzuo city....
(宁明县) - Longzhou CountyLongzhou CountyLongzhou is a county in the Guangxi province of China, on the border with Vietnam . It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city Chongzuo....
(龙州县) - Fusui CountyFusui CountyFusui County is a county of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Chongzuo City....
(扶绥县) - Daxin CountyDaxin CountyDaxin County is a county of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Chongzuo city....
(大新县) - Tiandeng CountyTiandeng CountyTiandeng County is a county of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Chongzuo city....
(天等县)
Demographics
Chongzuo's population is 2,260,000. 88% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group. The rest include Han, Yao, and other ethnic groups.Economy
Forestry and agriculture are two of Chongzuo’s biggest industries. Oranges, rice, beans, corn, cassava, cinnamon, bananas, vegetables, durianDurian
The durian is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family . Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk...
, pineapples, longan
Longan
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan, is a tropical tree native to South and Southeast Asia, in the Indomalaya ecozone known for its edible fruit.-Vernacular names:The fruit is known as longan or longyan in English...
, and tea are all major crops, but sugarcane is the center of Chongzuo agriculture. Farm raised animals include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, ducks, chickens, geese, and bees. Aquaculture for fish is also big. Chinese medicinal herbs are picked from the wild and also grown. Important mineral resources include manganese
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
, gold, ferberite
Ferberite
Ferberite is the iron endmember of the manganese - iron wolframite solid solution series. The manganese endmember is hübnerite. Ferberite is a black monoclinic mineral composed of iron and tungstate, FeWO4....
, coal, barite
Barite
Baryte, or barite, is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine, anglesite and anhydrite. Baryte itself is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium...
, bentonite
Bentonite
Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, essentially impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are different types of bentonite, each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium , sodium , calcium , and aluminum . Experts debate a number of nomenclatorial...
, uranium, and vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
. It is China’s biggest manganese producer and the world's biggest producer of bentonite. Other industries include export infrastructure, paper, forest products such as timber and turpentine, building materials, pharmaceuticals, and electronics manufacturing.
Flora and fauna
Chongzuo has amazing biodiversity with more than 4000 species of plants and more than 450 kinds of animals. There are more than 30 rare and protected animals including white headed and Indo-Chinese black langurs, crested striped hornbills, pangolinPangolin
A pangolin , also scaly anteater or Trenggiling, is a mammal of the order Pholidota. There is only one extant family and one genus of pangolins, comprising eight species. There are also a number of extinct taxa. Pangolins have large keratin scales covering their skin and are the only mammals with...
s, and clouded leopard
Clouded Leopard
The clouded leopard is a felid found from the Himalayan foothills through mainland Southeast Asia into China, and has been classified as vulnerable in 2008 by IUCN...
s. 1/4 of China’s wild animal species can be found in Chongzuo.